Longitudinal Interaction Research Articles

Charge-parity switching effects and optimisation of transmon-qubit design parameters

Enhancing the performance of noisy quantum processors requires improving our understanding of error mechanisms and the ways to overcome them. A judicious selection of qubit design parameters plays a pivotal role in improving the performance of quantum processors. In this study, we identify optimal ranges for qubit design parameters, grounded in comprehensive noise modeling. To this end, we also analyze the effect of a charge-parity switch caused by quasiparticles on a two-qubit gate. Due to the utilization of the second excited state of a transmon, where the charge dispersion is significantly larger, a charge-parity switch will affect the conditional phase of the two-qubit gate. We derive an analytical expression for the infidelity of a diabatic controlled-Z gate and see effects of similar magnitude in adiabatic controlled-phase gates in the tunable coupler architecture. Moreover, we show that the effect of a charge-parity switch can be the dominant quasiparticle-related error source of a two-qubit gate. We also demonstrate that charge-parity switches induce a residual longitudinal interaction between qubits in a tunable-coupler circuit. Furthermore, we introduce a performance metric for quantum circuit execution, encompassing the fidelity and number of single- and two-qubit gates in an algorithm, as well as the state preparation fidelity. This comprehensive metric, coupled with a detailed noise model, enables us to determine an optimal range for the qubit design parameters, as confirmed by numerical simulation. Our systematic analysis offers insights and serves as a guiding framework for the development of the next generation of transmon-based quantum processors.

Suicide is my only way: The longitudinal reciprocal relations of experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and suicidal ideation among adolescents

Experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion, the two interrelated processes central to psychological inflexibility according to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, were theoretically and empirically related to adolescent suicidal ideation. However, the longitudinal interaction among experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and adolescent suicidal ideation has yet to be empirically examined. As such, our study aims to examine the longitudinal reciprocal relationships among these variables using the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). A total of 1720 Chinese adolescents (54.6% females; Mage = 14.44, SDage = 1.35) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and suicidal ideation on three occasions, using 6-month intervals. The results showed that in CLPM, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and suicidal ideation positively predicted each other. However, RI-CLPM only provided support for the longitudinal interaction between experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion as well as the role of suicidal ideation in exacerbating experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. The findings highlight that suicidal ideation may lead to increased levels of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in adolescents and the need to distinguish between within-person and between-person effects when studying the relationship between psychological inflexibility and adolescent suicidal ideation.

Multi-Output Physically Analyzed Neural Network for the Prediction of Tire–Road Interaction Forces

<div>This article introduces an innovative method for predicting tire–road interaction forces by exclusively utilizing longitudinal and lateral acceleration measurements. Given that sensors directly measuring these forces are either expensive or challenging to implement in a vehicle, this approach fills a crucial gap by leveraging readily available sensor data. Through the application of a multi-output neural network architecture, the study focuses on simultaneously predicting the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical interaction forces exerted by the rear wheels, specifically those involved in traction. Experimental validation demonstrates the efficacy of the methodology in accurately forecasting tire–road interaction forces. Additionally, a thorough analysis of the input–output relationships elucidates the intricate dynamics characterizing tire–road interactions. This research underscores the potential of neural network models to enhance predictive capabilities in vehicle dynamics, offering insights that are valuable for various applications in automotive engineering and control systems.</div>

Study on the Stress Histories and Fatigue Stress Spectrums of Longitudinal Connected Slab Track on Bridge During Service Life

The paper aims to study the stress histories and the fatigue stress spectrums (FSS) of longitudinal connected slab track (LCST) on the bridge during service life, and to provide an important basis for the fatigue test design of slab track (ST) in the laboratory and in situ, fatigue life prediction and fatigue designing of ST for the actual engineering. First, the temperature field model for LCST on bridge, high speed train (HST)-LCST-bridge coupling dynamic model, and LCST-bridge-piers and abutments longitudinal interaction model are established and verified. Then, based on these models, a calculation method of the FSS for the LCST on bridge under combined loads is proposed. Finally, taking the climate of the Guangzhou district in China as an example, the stress histories and FSS of LCST on a multi-span simply supported box girder bridge under combined loads are numerically simulated. The simulation results show that: (1) the stress of each component of LCST is small when considering only the vertical train load, and there will be no fatigue failure for LCST. (2) The temperature gradient load and longitudinal loads of ST significantly affect the stress distribution of LCST, so the combined effects of these loads should be considered when calculating the FSS. (3) The mechanical state of LCST is more severe around the beam end. The concrete stresses of track slab (TS) on the bottom surface and base plate (BP) on the top surface are significantly larger than the concrete stresses of TS on the top surface and BP on the bottom surface, respectively. (4) There are many peaks in the FSS of LCST on bridge under combined loads. Therefore, several probability curves should be used together to fit the FSS of LCST.

Spin-photon interaction in a nanowire quantum dot with asymmetrical confining potential

The electron (hole) spin–photon interaction is studied in an asymmetrical InSb (Ge) nanowire quantum dot. The spin–orbit coupling in the quantum dot mediates not only a transverse spin–photon interaction, but also a longitudinal spin–photon interaction due to the asymmetry of the confining potential. Both the transverse and the longitudinal spin–photon interactions have non-monotonic dependence on the spin–orbit coupling. For realistic spin–orbit coupling in the quantum dot, the longitudinal spin–photon interaction is much (at least one order) smaller than the transverse spin–photon interaction. The order of the transverse spin–photon interaction is about 1 nm in terms of length |zeg| , or 0.1 MHz in terms of frequency eE0|zeg|/h for a moderate cavity electric field strength E0=0.4 V m−1.

Therapist and client perceptions of the working alliance: Codevelopment, linear growth, variability, and client functioning.

Using longitudinal client and therapist working alliance ratings, previous research examined how alliance: average value, linear growth, variability, stability (autocorrelation), and partner responsiveness were associated with client outcome. However, no research simultaneously examined all of these dimensions. Omitting important variables in analyses could lead to overestimation of related effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine these effects simultaneously. Therapists (N = 45) and clients (N = 236) rated alliance after every session (N = 10,720) and clients completed a measure of psychological distress after every eighth session. We used dynamic structure equation modeling to model longitudinal ratings using the longitudinal actor-partner interaction and location-scale models. Across sessions, there were significant linear growth and significant variability in client and therapist alliance ratings. The variability indicates multiple "V" patterns, which have been associated with alliance ruptures. Both actor effects were significant, showing session-to-session stability for client and therapist alliance. In addition, client-partner effect was significant, indicating higher-than-usual client alliance in a session predicting an increase in therapist alliance in the subsequent session. Growth in neither client-rated nor therapist-rated working alliances was significantly associated with client improvement. Lower variabilities (fewer fluctuations) in both client- and therapist-rated working alliances were associated with better outcomes. Higher therapist-actor and partner effects were associated with client improvement, but client-actor and partner effects were not associated with client improvement. Average working alliances were not associated with client improvement. Implications for practice and research were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

ACCELEROMETER-DERIVED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND AGING TRENDS STUDY

Abstract Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for disability, chronic conditions, and functional outcomes with aging. Yet the amount of PA in which older adults engage is not well understood, as objective evidence is lacking, particularly among those aged ≥80 years. To address this gap, the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) implemented wrist-worn accelerometry (Actigraph Centrepoint Insight Watch) in a subset of Round 11 (2021) participants (N=747, 54% women, 40% aged≥80) using a seven-day 24-hour/day protocol. Mean daily PA (total activity counts/day) was examined in those with ≥3 valid wear days by health and demographic factors with analytic survey weights applied. Daily PA averaged 1.67M counts/day, was lower at older ages and varied widely across health and demographic factors, notably: women were more active than men (β=208K), married participants more active than unmarried (β=163K), those with impaired contrast vision were less active than those with normal vision (β=-231K), those with hearing loss were less active than those without hearing loss (β=-233K), and participants with possible or probable dementia were less active than those without dementia (β=-457K) (p<.001 for all). With regards to care and accommodations, those who reported getting help with mobility were less active than those who did not (β=-459K) and those residing in the community were more active than those in (non-nursing home) residential care (β=394K). These data present unique insights into factors that may shape daily PA in older adults. Future work should examine longitudinal trends and potential interaction with the disablement process.

Effects of temperature ratio on combustion instability in a non-premixed hydrogen-rich ram combustor

The effects of the burnt-to-unburnt temperature ratio (Tb/Tu) (reciprocal density ratio) on thermoacoustic combustion instability were investigated in a hydrogen-rich ram combustor by controlling the inlet air temperature under cruising conditions. Steady and unsteady combustion dynamics were investigated with the simultaneous measurement of combustion pressure and near-infrared (NIR) emissions. Time-resolved NIR images were analyzed using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to extract modes of the combustion instability, which show two oscillation modes: longitudinal (500 Hz) and flame-vortex interaction modes (2000 Hz) with a Strouhal number of approximately 0.5. The thermoacoustic combustion instability was not excited at Tb/Tu = 3.3, but was excited at Tb/Tu= 2.6 and 2.9. The DMD modes show that the structure of the vortex mode is similar to that of the fourth longitudinal mode at Tb/Tu = 2.6 and 2.9, indicating that the coupling of the vortex and the fourth longitudinal modes excited the thermoacoustic combustion instability.

Academic burnout in psychology and health-allied sciences: the BENDiT-EU program for students and staff in higher education.

Studying at university involves demanding academic and clinical training requirements for students from Psychology and other health-allied fields, potentially having severe physical and mental health implications. Existing training programs for addressing burnout have focused thus far on specific areas (e.g., stress management, physical exercise, mindfulness meditation, etc.) with promising outcomes. However, no comprehensive programs have been developed to train students and staff in the early identification of burnout signs and characteristics as well as in self-assessing personal needs and habits (i.e., primary prevention), or in identifying community resources and evidence-based strategies to overcome burnout (i.e., secondary prevention). This paper describes the content development, refinement, and piloting process of the BENDiT-EU program as part of a European collaborative to address academic burnout for health-allied students. Piloting results showed that participants viewed the program positively and provided helpful suggestions for content improvement and training delivery. Future research directions should target experimental investigations of the program's effectiveness and the longitudinal interaction of burnout with other variables (e.g., resilience).

Classification of transient vibration of passenger cars powertrain

This work is a study on transient vibrational behaviour of a vehicle driveline system during tip-in/released/tip-out throttle. The considered vehicle is a passenger sedan, front-wheel drive, front-engine equipped with a four-stroke four-cylinder SI engine and a 5-speed manual transmission. The engine's model follows the mean value model including the effects both dynamics and combustion parameters including manifold/engine volume, air to fuel ratio, spark advance/retard and RPM on its transient indicator and brake torque behaviour. A primary fourteen-degrees-of-freedom lumped parameter torsional driveline model including, a multi-staged clutch with nonlinear clutch springs model and the gear backlash effect on idle as well as engaged gears is considered. This model is reduced to a six-degrees-of-freedom model. A rigid 2D model and magic formula are used for modelling of vehicle-tyre-road dynamics interaction. Using the overall model, the role of the driving style, the engine dynamics and longitudinal vehicle-road dynamic interaction in creating and intensifying the shuffle, clonk, and shunt, are studied and summarized, as the particular focus of this study. Although the results verify the other related researches on the importance of nonlinear parameters such as nonlinear stiffness, backlash and gear teeth impact, on the intensity of vibro-impact responses, they prove that engine's dynamics/combustion parameters such as engine volume, intake manifold volume and spark advance timing as well as driving style and also tyre-road parameters such as coefficient of friction and road grade have significant role in intensifying the vibro-impact responses. For example, (a) the smaller the engine, the larger amplitude the shuffle; (b) the sport driving style intensifies the both the clonk and the shuffle and (c) the more slippery road in time of the tip-out, the more strengthen the shuffle. The results of the overall driver/engine/driveline/tyre/road model provide more knowledge towards better understanding of vibro-impact response of the driveline.

A model considering the longitudinal track–bridge interaction in ballasted railway bridges subjected to high-speed trains

AbstractIn this paper, a dynamic interaction model of the coupled system of railway bridge, foundation, subsoil, ballast, track, and high-speed train is presented, with special emphasis on the longitudinal interaction between the track and the bridge structure, taking into account the flexibility of the ballast. After a description of the model of this interaction system, the equations of motion are given separately for each subsystem. The discretization of the bedded rails is performed by two different approaches. In the first approach, the deflection of the rails is expanded into the eigenfunctions of a finitely long bedded beam representing the rails. In the second, simplified approach, the track response is represented by a superposition of the static deflection of the infinitely long bedded beam due to a concentrated load. The coupling of the bridge structure with the track is achieved by a component mode synthesis technique, which in the first approach leads to a representation of the equations of motion in state-space. A discrete substructure technique is used to couple this subsystem with the train model. The two presented strategies are verified by comparison with results of a finite element model of this interaction system. Several application examples reveal the influence of the horizontal track–bridge interaction and other modeling parameters on the dynamic bridge response.

A Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation study of an integrated CHW intervention to address maternal healthcare in rural Nepal.

Skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum is essential to prevent adverse maternal health outcomes, yet utilization of care remains low in many resource-limited countries, including Nepal. Community health workers (CHWs) can mitigate health system challenges and geographical barriers to achieving universal health coverage. Gaps remain, however, in understanding whether evidence-based interventions delivered by CHWs, closely aligned with WHO recommendations, are effective in Nepal's context. We conducted a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation, mixed-methods study in two rural districts in Nepal to evaluate the effectiveness and the implementation of an evidence-based integrated maternal and child health intervention delivered by CHWs, using a mobile application. The intervention was implemented stepwise over four years (2014-2018), with 65 CHWs enrolling 30,785 families. We performed a mixed-effects Poisson regression to assess institutional birth rate (IBR) pre-and post-intervention. We used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework to evaluate the implementation during and after the study completion. There was an average 30% increase in IBR post-intervention, adjusting for confounding variables (p<0.0001). Study enrollment showed 35% of families identified as dalit, janjati, or other castes. About 78-89% of postpartum women received at least one CHW-counseled home visit within 60 days of childbirth. Ten (53% of planned) municipalities adopted the intervention during the study period. Implementation fidelity, measured by median counseled home visits, improved with intervention time. The intervention was institutionalized beyond the study period and expanded to four additional hubs, albeit with adjustments in management and supervision. Mechanisms of intervention impact include increased knowledge, timely referrals, and longitudinal CHW interaction. Full-time, supervised, and trained CHWs delivering evidence-based integrated care appears to be effective in improving maternal healthcare in rural Nepal. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the role of community health workers in achieving universal health coverage.

Quantum phase transition in the XXZ central spin model

We investigate the quantum phase transition (QPT) in the XXZ central spin model, which can be described as a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particle coupled to $N$ bath spins. In general, the QPT is supposed to occur only in the thermodynamical limit. In contrast, we present that the central spin model exhibits a normal-to-superradiant phase transition in the limit where the ratio of the transition frequency of the central spin to that of the bath spins and the number of bath spins tend to infinity. We give the low-energy effective Hamiltonian analytically in the normal phase and the superradiant phase, and we find that the longitudinal interaction $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ can significantly influence the excitation number and the coherence of the ground state. These two quantities are remarkably enhanced for the negative longitudinal interaction while suppressed for the positive longitudinal interaction. In addition, the finite-size effect on the central spin model is also illustrated through the mean-field analysis. We further exploit the quantum Fisher information to characterize the QPT and propose a measurement scheme that can be applied in practice. This work builds a connection between the qubit-spin systems and the qubit-field systems, which provides a possibility for the realization of criticality-enhanced quantum sensing in central spin systems.

Associations between Early Life Nutrient Intakes and Brain Maturation Show Developmental Dynamics from Infancy to Toddlerhood: A Neuroimaging Observation Study

BackgroundMyelin imaging has increasingly been applied to study the impact of nutrition on brain development in recent years. Although individual dynamics for nutrient intakes and myelin trajectories previously have been investigated across childhood, the longitudinal interaction between both remains unclear in typically developed children. ObjectivesThe objective of this work was to explore the developmental dynamics of nutrient-myelin interactions from infancy to early childhood using myelin imaging as a marker for brain maturation. MethodsBrain neuroimaging (1 scan per child) and dietary nutrient intake data were analyzed for 88 nutrients from 293 children (127 female, 62% White) from a longitudinal cohort study in the United States. A sliding window approach was used to investigate correlations between nutrient intakes and brain myelination over a continuous set of age windows. Image processing techniques (Sobel-filter vertical edge detection) were applied to determine age windows with unique association profiles, providing novel insight into how these relationships change with child age. ResultsWe identified 3 nutrient-myelin windows covering the age range of 1–5 y: window 1 from 6 to 20 mo with 60% positive nutrient correlations, window 2 from 20 to 30 mo with 20% positive correlations, and window 3 from 30 to 60 mo with 37% positive correlations. The windows are aligned with reported myelin and white matter dynamics that change in the first 5 y from fast and steep (window 1) to continued but slower growth (window 3), with window 2 possibly representing the inflection period. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study in typically developing children demonstrating the developmental dynamics between early life nutrient intakes and brain maturation in toddlerhood. The knowledge can be applied for identifying targeted and brain-stage–appropriate nutritional interventions for this critical stage of brain development.

Mechanical System Inspired Microscopic Traffic Model: Modeling, Analysis, and Validation

In this paper, we develop a mechanical system inspired microscopic traffic model to characterize the longitudinal interaction among a chain of vehicles. In particular, we propose a mass-spring-damper-clutch based car-following (CF) model that can naturally capture the car-following behavior of a rational driver. Specifically, the spring and damper can well characterize the driver’s tendency to maintain the same speed as the vehicle ahead while keeping a (speed-dependent) desired spacing. It is also capable of characterizing the impact of the following vehicle on the preceding vehicle, which is generally neglected in existing models. A new string stability criterion is defined for the considered multi-vehicle dynamics, and stability analysis is performed on the system parameters and time delays. An efficient online parameter identification algorithm, sequential recursive least squares with inverse QR decomposition (SRLS-IQR), is developed to estimate the driving-related model parameters. These real-time estimated parameters can be employed in advanced longitudinal control systems to enable accurate prediction of vehicle trajectories for improved safety and fuel efficiency. The proposed model and the parameter identification algorithm are validated on NGSIM, a naturalistic driving dataset, as well as our own connected vehicle driving data. Promising performance is demonstrated.

Numerical Studies on Composite Deck Slab With Floor Openings

Openings in slabs are provided mainly for service works. According to the purpose of the services, the size of the openings was classified as small, medium, and large. The provision of openings in a composite slab was not addressed in design codes like EC-4 and IS 11384. Normally the Longitudinal shear interaction is the influencing factor in determining the capacity and elastic rigidity of a composite slab which may be affected by the presence of openings. In the market, there are various forms of embossment/indentation available to enhance the interlocking at the interface of the Cold Form Steel decking sheet and the topping concrete thereby an increased longitudinal shear resistance can be achieved at the interface. In this numerical study, Among the various type of embossments, combined types of embossments (rectangular and chevron) are considered then the m and k values are determined with the help of the Penalty Friction interaction approach and the same was verified with the known experimental values for a solid slab. In addition, Finite Element [FE] models with various sizes of floor openings were created under the guidelines of SCI publication P300 and SDI Technical Guidance on Deck Damage and Penetrations. The effects of those openings located in the high shear region and no shear region are studied. The simulated load-deflection responses of various FE floor opening models were compared.

Cognitively Assistive Robots at Home: Translating Clinical Interventions to Robots.

Much research in healthcare robotics explores extending rehabilitative interventions to the home. However, for adults, little guidance exists on how to translate human-delivered, clinic-based interventions into robot-delivered, home-based ones to support longitudinal interaction. This is particularly problematic for neurorehabilitation, where adults with cognitive impairments require unique styles of interaction to avoid frustration or overstimulation. For the past several years, our team has worked with neuropsychologists to develop cognitively assistive robots (CARs) that administer compensatory cognitive training (CCT) autonomously and longitudinally to people with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI) at home. Our system helps users practice cognitive strategies to strengthen skills such as attention, learning/memory, and executive functioning. We explore the design of robot-delivered neurorehabilitation interventions for PwMCI. We used these prototypes as design probes to understand how neuropsychologists (n=6) envision translating CCT to a CAR, and features the robot intervention needs to be successful, such as supporting goal setting, content personalization, encouragement for real-world transfer, and ways to longitudinally maintain engagement. We also conducted interviews with PwMCI (n=3), the end users of the robot-administered intervention. We report our findings and specify design patterns and considerations for translating neurorehabilitation interventions to robots. First, we provide insights for translating neurorehabilitation interventions to CARs in order to contextualize them to the lives of PwMCI. Second, we present new interaction design patterns for robot-delivered neurorehabilitation interventions to maintain longitudinal engagement and intervention efficacy. Finally, we propose design considerations for developing robots for PwMCI, a population with unique needs and abilities distinct from those of people with dementia and older adults [1]. This work will serve as a basis for future endeavors to translate cognitive training and other clinical interventions onto a robot, support longitudinal engagement with home-deployed robots, and ultimately extend the accessibility of longitudinal health interventions for people with cognitive impairments. [1] Kubota, A., Cruz-Sandoval, D., Kim, S., Twamley, E., and Riek, L.D. "Cognitively Assistive Robots at Home: HRI Design Patterns for Translational Science." In Proceedings of the 17th Annual ACM/IEEE Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI). 2022.

The longitudinal track-bridge interaction of ballasted track in railway bridges: Experimental determination of dynamic stiffness and damping characteristics

Considering the longitudinal track-bridge interaction (TBI) of ballasted track significantly influences the corresponding calculation results in dynamic analyses of railway bridges. However, there is still a need for realistic and test-based characteristic parameters (dynamic stiffness and damping values). This paper focuses on an experimental determination of the dynamic properties of the longitudinal track-structure interaction. Based on extensive experiments using a large-scale test facility, the ballasted track's dynamic stiffness and damping values are determined for practical applications. The test spectrum covers a wide frequency and amplitude range, whereby influences due to vertical load of the track (loaded/unloaded) and climatic conditions (summer/winter) are also examined. The tests show that the dynamic properties change significantly with the vertical load and climatic influence. Different damping mechanisms occur depending on the excitation frequency regarding the damping properties. Both friction-based and viscous damping mechanisms appear in the lower frequency range, while only viscous damping occurs in the upper frequency range. The resulting damping characteristics act frequency-dependent and also slightly amplitude-dependent. The stiffness characteristics of the longitudinal track-structure interaction show for each configuration (loaded/unloaded, summer/winter) a non-linear behaviour deviating from the normative specifications, which acts primarily displacement-dependent and almost frequency-independent. Concerning the frozen ballast bed, EN 1991-2 equates the state of the frozen ballast bed with a fixed (ballastless) track. The tests show that this assumption (‘frozen = ballastless’) does not correspond to reality, whereby the temperature level fundamentally influences the longitudinal stiffness in this respect. While at temperatures just below zero (-2°C), no significant differences to the non-frozen ballast bed are discernible; the dynamic properties change considerably at temperatures far below zero (−10 °C). Furthermore, the tests also allow observing the ballast bed liquefaction phenomenon, which occurs at resonance when the excitation frequency matches the natural frequency.

Cooperative Optimal Control of the Following Operation of High-Speed Trains

The following operation of multiple high-speed trains (HSTs) with high speed and great density based on the moving block and virtual coupling control system can significantly improve the performance of railway systems concerning operation safety and line capacity. However, it is difficult for HST’s conventional control approach to satisfy the service demand, including safety, energy-saving, and ride comfort, due to the significantly increasing longitudinal interaction between adjacent trains in the following operating conditions. In this paper, the characteristic model of multiple HSTs’ following operation was formulated to effectively and accurately describe train control constraints derived from the coupling relationship among adjacent trains’ operation states. Then, the cooperative model predictive control (CMPC) strategy with a multiobjective rolling optimization scheme is developed. The overall line capacity, energy consumption, and ride comfort of train platoons in the railway section are defined as optimization indexes. Furthermore, some sufficient conditions for the consensus stability of the CMPC of HST are given, based on the proposed multiple HSTs following characteristic model and cooperative optimal control strategy. Simulation experiments are carried out by using HST’s operation data collected from real-world runs. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed modeling and control method.

Multimorbidity resilience and health behaviors among older adults: A longitudinal study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

ObjectiveThere has been a growing interest in examining why some individuals adapt and bounce back from multimorbidity (resilience) better than others. This paper investigates the positive role of protective health behaviors on multimorbidity resilience (MR) among older adults focusing on older persons with two or more concurrent chronic conditions, and separately for three multimorbidity chronic illness clusters.MethodsUsing Baseline and Follow-up One data from the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we studied 10,628 participants aged 65 years and older who reported two or more of 27 chronic conditions, and three multimorbidity clusters: Cardiovascular/metabolic, Musculoskeletal, and Mental health. Associations between health behaviors and MR were evaluated using Linear Mixed Models, adjusting for socio-demographic, social/environmental, and illness context social determinants of health.ResultsAmong older adults with two or more illnesses, smoking, satisfaction with sleep, appetite, and skipping meals were associated with MR in the expected direction. Also, obesity (compared to normal weight) and skipping meals showed longitudinal interaction effects with survey wave. Most of the results were replicated for the physical multimorbidity clusters (Cardiovascular/metabolic and Musculoskeletal) compared to the full 2+ multimorbidity analyses; however, for the Mental health cluster, only satisfaction with sleep was supported as a lifestyle predictor of MR.DiscussionSeveral modifiable health behaviors identified in the broader health and aging literature are important in affecting levels of multimorbidity resilience in older age. These factors are important strength-based areas to target. Additionally, several social determinants of health are also supported and parallel research on multimorbidity risk. The effects of lifestyle factors for resilience among older adults is dependent on the type of multimorbidity measured. We conclude that the results have significant public health, program intervention, and clinical implications for healthy aging among persons coping with multimorbidity.