Longitudinal Connections Research Articles

Who is in control? Longitudinal connections between marital power and parental psychological control.

The present study explored longitudinal associations between marital power dynamics and parental psychological control and tested whether partners' sense of relational autonomy mediated these connections. Self-determination theory supports that harmful marital dynamics may spill into parenting practices, such as engaging in parental psychological control, and that parents' autonomy may mediate connections. Using an actor-partner interdependence model and an actor-partner interdependence mediation model, this study examined direct associations between marital power and parental psychological control, as well as indirect associations with autonomy as a mediator. Longitudinal dyadic data of 321 married, two-parent families were drawn from three waves of the Flourishing Families Project collected annually from 2009 to 2011. Results indicated that wives' perceptions of a power struggle in the marriage were associated with both partners' greater parental psychological control concurrently and were predictive of increases in their own parental psychological control across the span of 1 year. Although notable connections were found between marital power and autonomy, autonomy did not mediate pathways to parental psychological control. These findings highlight the importance of marital functioning in the use of certain parenting practices and suggest marital power as a potential intervention point when psychological control of children is present. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The longitudinal relationships between problematic mobile phone use symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-lagged panel network analysis

BackgroundThe association between problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and negative emotions in university students is not well understood in terms of causality and directionality. This study aims to clarify whether negative emotions trigger PMPU or whether the PMPU itself leads to increased negative emotions over time. MethodsA two-wave longitudinal study was conducted involving 5568 Chinese freshmen who were surveyed at baseline and followed up after one academic year. PMPU, social media use, online game use, fear of missing out, loneliness, social anxiety, and academic burnout were measured. Cross-sectional and longitudinal connections between these variables were examined using network analysis techniques. ResultsThe variable with the strongest influence in both contemporaneous networks was “Productivity loss” of MAPI. Moreover, “Academic burnout” at baseline significantly predicted higher levels of problematic smartphone use and negative emotions at follow-up, suggesting that it may serve as a catalyst for addictive tendencies. Furthermore, we observed bidirectional relationships between “Escapism” and “Social anxiety”, as well as between “Social anxiety” and “Inability to control craving”, suggesting a potential self-perpetuating cycle. ConclusionThese findings highlight the role of academic burnout in initiating cycles of PMPU and negative emotions. In order to effectively tackle PMPU, it is crucial to consider the underlying drivers such as academic burnout and emotional states. This is important due to the complex and reciprocal associations uncovered through our longitudinal network analysis.

Longitudinal relationships among number of chronic diseases, depression, and anxiety: A cross-lagged model analyses

BackgroundResearch is increasingly highlighting the intricate relationship between mental and physical health. However, longitudinal studies investigating the interplay between chronic diseases (CDs), depression and anxiety are still relatively scarce. This study aimed to delve into the longitudinal connections among these variables. MethodsThis study conducted a 4-year prospective survey involving 486 participants from rural communities in Shandong Province, China. The relationships among these variables were analyzed using multiple linear regression, cross-lagged path analysis, and multiple-group analysis. ResultsOur analysis revealed that the number of CDs reported at wave 1 significantly predicted anxiety levels (β = 0.126, p < .01) at wave 2, while depression symptoms also predicted anxiety (β = 0.220, p < .01) at wave 2. Furthermore, anxiety levels at wave 1 significantly predicted both the number of CDs (β = 0.219, p < .01) and depression symptoms (β = 0.160, p < .05) at wave 2. However, the study did not find support for a relationship between CDs and depression. ConclusionThe study uncovered a bidirectional association between CDs and anxiety, depression and anxiety, but found no direct longitudinal relationship between CDs and depression. Research has indicated that CDs indirectly affect depression through anxiety.

Commute and built environment: What matters for subjective well-being in a household context?

Much of prior research has shown a growing interest in determinants of subjective well-being (SWB). However, relatively less research has explored the causal effects of commute and built environment (BE) on SWB, and there is little knowledge regarding how these connections differ between household members. The study examines both cross-sectional and longitudinal connections between commute, BE, and SWB, as well as the variations in these connections between couples, by analyzing longitudinal survey data of dual-earner households from Chinese cities. The results indicate that the increase in commute duration results in lower SWB. Shifting to active modes is shown to increase SWB. Nonetheless, shifting in the opposite direction shows no significant effect. All BE changes are correlated with the husbands' SWB changes, whereas only changes in neighborhood categories and neighborhood density appear to matter for wives. The findings indicate that planning strategies can complement transport policies aimed at enhancing SWB.

ANALISIS PENINGKATAN PERKERASAN LENTUR KE PERKERASAN KAKU PADA RUAS JALAN BUARAN - BENDANPETE STA 0+00 - 1+700 JEPARA JAWA TENGAH .

Afif Junaidhi, Nim 191230000357, Analysis of the improvement of flexible pavement to rigid pavement on the buaran - bendanpete sta 0+00 - 1+700 jepara central java road 2023., Yayan Adi Saputro, S.T., M.T., Nor Hidayati, S.T., M.T., Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology1, Nahdlatul Ulama University1 Jepara1. With roads, everyone can increase their mobility while fulfilling important activities. As time goes by and the length of service lasts, road conditions eventually decline, both in terms of service level and structural condition. The method used for analysis of rigid pavement on roads is the 2017 Pavement Design Manual1 Method and the method used for planning road surface drainage dimensions refers to SNI 03-3424-1994 concerning Procedures for Road Surface Drainage Planning. The results of rigid pavement planning research calculations using the 2017 Pavement Design Manual method resulted in a concrete plate thickness of 275 mm, a thin concrete layer1 (LMC) of 100 mm, a class A aggregate drainage layer of 150 mm. Connections in rigid pavement are divided into two, namely longitudinal connections with tie bars using Ø 161- 6001 threads, and transverse connections with dowels using plain reinforcement D 32 - 300. The material used is planned to use concrete. The calculation results obtained are that the channel base width is 65 cm, the wet channel height is 35 cm, and the guard height is 40 cm

Stress Analysis of Pin Connections in Steel Box Girder with the Unibridge System using Finite Element Model

This study analyzes the Unibridge system, a modular steel box girder employing two pins for longitudinal connections, thereby expediting construction compared to traditional girders. A finite element model was developed to analyze the stress on these pins in a single-box girder with five segments and a reinforced concrete floor slab. Various loads were applied following the Indonesian bridge loading standard, SNI 1725:2016. The model considers operational load analysis and assumes full composite behaviour between the top flanges of the girder and the concrete floor slab. The results indicate that the Von-Mises stress on the pins reaches a maximum of 490.95 MPa under combined service loads, consistently remaining below the specified material yield stress limit of 1200 MPa. Consequently, the Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) is 0.41. As a result, the Unibridge girder connection pins do not experience plastic deformation under the applied loads.

Symptom patterns in the co-occurrence of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms: A network analysis of a Canadian nationally representative sample

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the symptom patterns of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a matched nationally representative sample of the Canadian population. We also tested whether childhood maltreatment (CM) exposures and sex would be linked with different symptom patterns. MethodsA total of 3296 participants from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health with complete information on MDD and GAD symptoms and being matched on the studied sociodemographic characteristics were included in the current study. Network analysis was performed to examine the MDD-GAD symptom network, network stability and centrality indices were also estimated. Finally, network comparison in connectivity patterns was conducted to explore the impact of maltreatment experience and sex differences in the MDD-GAD symptom networks. ResultsThe CM group had stronger network connections and showed differences in the network structures from the non-CM group. In the CM group, depressed mood and diminished interest were central symptoms and strongly connected with other symptoms. Additionally, females had stronger connections in the MDD-GAD symptom network than males, and sleep disturbance was a central symptom for females, alongside depressed mood and diminished interest. LimitationsThe cross-sectional design restricts our capacity to establish longitudinal or causal connections between symptoms. ConclusionsDepressed mood was the most central node that was strongly connected with other symptoms in the network. Distinct MDD-GAD symptom networks were discovered in the CM and the female group when compared to their counterparts. Noteworthy, individuals with CM had a stronger correlation between worry and suicidal ideation. Clinical management and intervention efforts should pay close attention to these core symptoms to yield optimal treatment effects, particularly for females and individuals with CM.

A Longitudinal Investigation on the Reciprocal Relationship of Problematic Smartphone Use with Bedtime Procrastination, Sleep Quality, and Mental Health Among University Students.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is linked to various mental health issues, but the relationship between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms is unclear. Sleep factors related to PSU and its mental health effects have been understudied. This study explores the longitudinal associations between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health in university students. In this study, a total of 683 university students participated by completing questionnaires on Smart Phone Addiction (SAS) scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) across two different time points with six-months interval between them. The participants were selected using a cluster sampling technique from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. A cross-lagged model was utilized to assess the longitudinal association between these variables. Statistically significant reciprocal associations were found between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms. PSU at Time 1 significantly predicted PSU at Time 2, bedtime procrastination at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Bedtime procrastination at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Sleep quality at Time 1 predicted bedtime procrastination at Time 2 and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Mental health symptoms at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2 and sleep quality at Time 2. The research findings have significantly advanced understanding of the longitudinal connections between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health indicators. This enhanced comprehension is instrumental for psychological practitioners in devising targeted interventions to mitigate such issues among the university student demographic.

Longitudinal Relationships Between Linguistic Complexity Features and Second Language Writing

This study seeks to investigate how lexical, phraseological, and syntactic complexity features influence the argumentative writing scores of English as a foreign language (EFL) beginning-level learners over two semesters. The participants included 42 EFL students at the university level in a Japanese university. They generated six timed second language (L2) argumentative essays, which underwent subsequent analysis for lexical, phraseological, and syntactic complexity features. The findings suggest that linguistic complexity features significantly predicted L2 writing scores over time. Specifically, beginning-level learners attained higher scores in their L2 argumentative essays when incorporating more sophisticated content words, as demonstrated by elevated age-of-acquisition scores, increased phraseological sophistication utilizing frequently employed bigrams from an academic reference corpus, and enhanced global syntactic complexity through the use of longer T-units. In summary, this study emphasizes longitudinal connections between L2 writing scores and linguistic complexity.

ANALYSIS OF THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF A HIGH-RISE BUILDING USING A SYSTEM OF OUTRIGGERS AND A CORE UNDER SEISMIC AND WIND LOADS

The article highlights the analysis of the rational design of high-rise buildings, in particular the use of outrigger and core systems, in order to study their effectiveness under seismic and wind loads. &#x0D; The most rigid design of the outrigger (diagram B), in which vertical ties are located at each step of the perimeter columns, leads to a decrease in the horizontal movement of the top of the building by 24% compared to the building without the use of surface stiffness. However, this option is difficult to implement in practice, because in some points of the structure, for example, in the corners of the stiffness core, there is a significant number of elements with rigid nodes. Of the implemented structures, the greatest gain in movements (21%) is demonstrated by variant D, where the ties are evenly located along the perimeter of the arrangement and ensure the same transfer of horizontal influences [6] to the external columns. This version of the arrangement of connections is structurally much simpler than scheme B, with a small (less than 3%) difference in indicators. &#x0D; The location of corner connections between the corners of the rigid core and the corners of the perimeter arrangement leads to a reduction of horizontal [7] movement by 5% in the absence of vertical connections on the short side, compared to the scheme without corner connections. It is important to note that the angular vertical connections do not compensate for the lack of longitudinal connections (schemes I - displacement of 197 mm, Y - 207 mm and Z - 190 mm). Installing only corner connections reduces the horizontal movement of the top of the building by 12% (scheme K), which is the smallest value compared to other options. &#x0D; The use of the outrigger structure significantly increases the rigidity of the building [8], which in turn allows to reduce the cost of construction due to the reduction of the thickness of the building core and the area of reinforcement. &#x0D; The most justified location of the vertical connections of the outrigger is the one in which they are evenly located according to the building plan, that is, they have the same interval along the entire perimeter. It is not recommended to use schemes where vertical connections are established only on the long side of the building [9], and especially only on the short side.Therefore, the use of a rigid belt in the building contributes to the reduction of horizontal movements at the entire height, effectively minimizes fluctuations caused by the influence of wind load. The use of an outrigger structure significantly increases the rigidity of the building, which in turn allows to reduce the cost of construction due to the reduction of the thickness of the building core and the area of reinforcement. &#x0D; The most justified location of the vertical connections of the outrigger is the one in which they are evenly located according to the building plan, that is, they have the same interval along the entire perimeter. It is not recommended to use schemes where vertical connections are installed only on the long side of the building, and especially only on the short side.

Genetic diversity of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum depends on habitat hydrology and habitat fragmentation.

The adaptability of plant populations to a changing environment depends on their genetic diversity, which in turn is influenced by the degree of sexual reproduction and gene flow from distant areas. Aquatic macrophytes can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and their reproductive fragments are spread in various ways (e.g. by water). Although these plants are obviously exposed to hydrological changes, the degree of vulnerability may depend on the types of their reproduction and distribution, as well as the hydrological differences of habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the cosmopolitan macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum in hydrologically different aquatic habitats, i.e. rivers and backwaters separated from the main river bed to a different extent. For this purpose, the first microsatellite primer set was developed for this species. Using 10 developed primer pairs, a high level of genetic variation was explored in C. demersum populations. Overall, more than 80% of the loci were found to be polymorphic, a total of 46 different multilocus genotypes and 18 private alleles were detected in the 63 individuals examined. The results demonstrated that microsatellite polymorphism in this species depends on habitat hydrology. The greatest genetic variability was revealed in populations of rivers, where flowing water provides constant longitudinal connections with distant habitats. The populations of the hydrologically isolated backwaters showed the lowest microsatellite polymorphism, while plants from an oxbow occasionally flooded by the main river had medium genetic diversity. The results highlight that in contrast to species that spread independently of water flow or among hydrologically isolated water bodies, macrophytes with exclusive or dominant hydrochory may be most severely affected by habitat fragmentation, for example due to climate change.

Structural connectivity of the multiple demand network in humans and comparison to the macaque brain.

Fluid intelligence encompasses a wide range of abilities such as working memory, problem-solving, and relational reasoning. In the human brain, these abilities are associated with the Multiple Demand Network, traditionally thought to involve combined activity of specific regions predominantly in the prefrontal and parietal cortices. However, the structural basis of the interactions between areas in the Multiple Demand Network, as well as their evolutionary basis among primates, remains largely unexplored. Here, we exploit diffusion MRI to elucidate the major white matter pathways connecting areas of the human core and extended Multiple Demand Network. We then investigate whether similar pathways can be identified in the putative homologous areas of the Multiple Demand Network in the macaque monkey. Finally, we contrast human and monkey networks using a recently proposed approach to compare different species' brains within a common organizational space. Our results indicate that the core Multiple Demand Network relies mostly on dorsal longitudinal connections and, although present in the macaque, these connections are more pronounced in the human brain. The extended Multiple Demand Network relies on distinct pathways and communicates with the core Multiple Demand Network through connections that also appear enhanced in the human compared with the macaque.

Google and Apple mobility data as predictors for European tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A neural network approach

Research background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to the global tourism industry, resulting in significant impacts on both human and economic activities. Travel restrictions, border closures, and quarantine measures have led to a sharp decline in tourism demand, causing businesses to shut down, jobs to be lost, and economies to suffer. Purpose of the article: This study aims to examine the correlation and causal relationship between real-time mobility data and statistical data on tourism, specifically tourism overnights, across eleven European countries during the first 14 months of the pandemic. We analyzed the short longitudinal connections between two dimensions of tourism and related activities. Methods: Our method is to use Google and Apple's observational data to link with tourism statistical data, enabling the development of early predictive models and econometric models for tourism overnights (or other tourism indices). This approach leverages the more timely and more reliable mobility data from Google and Apple, which is published with less delay than tourism statistical data. Findings &amp; value added: Our findings indicate statistically significant correlations between specific mobility dimensions, such as recreation and retail, parks, and tourism statistical data, but poor or insignificant relations with workplace and transit dimensions. We have identified that leisure and recreation have a much stronger influence on tourism than the domestic and routine-named dimensions. Additionally, our neural network analysis revealed that Google Mobility Parks and Google Mobility Retail &amp; Recreation are the best predictors for tourism, while Apple Driving and Apple Walking also show significant correlations with tourism data. The main added value of our research is that it combines observational data with statistical data, demonstrates that Google and Apple location data can be used to model tourism phenomena, and identifies specific methods to determine the extent, direction, and intensity of the relationship between mobility and tourism flows.

Parenting Practices during Childhood and Later Adolescent Sexual Outcomes.

Limited empirical evidence exists regarding longitudinal connections between parenting during childhood and adolescents' sexual development. Using structural equation mediation modeling, this study examined how mothers' parenting practices during childhood (ages 8 to 11) directly related to adolescent sexual outcomes (ages 12 to 16) and whether relationships were mediated by parenting practices persisting over time. Two waves of data were used from a large longitudinal national sample including 687 mother-adolescent pairs (Mage = 10.02, SD = 1.15, 50% female, 64% White) in 2002 and 2007. For boys, mothers' knowledge of whereabouts and warmth during childhood had negative direct connections to later frequency of intercourse. However, no parallel connections were found for girls. For both boys and girls, mothers' warmth during childhood was associated with an increased likelihood of sexual debut in adolescence. The findings highlight that parenting practices during childhood directly and indirectly (through parenting trajectories) shape sexual development of children.

Mechanical performance of a prefabricated subway station structure constructed by twin closely-spaced rectangular pipe-jacking boxes

Traditional open-cut and cast-in-place construction methods for subway stations result in significant social and environmental problems, failing to meet green construction and sustainable development requirements. The pipe-jacking method could solve these problems, with the advantages of mechanised trenchless construction and prefabrication. Based on the engineering project of the Shasan station of Shenzhen Rail Transit Line No. 12 in China, a novel structure scheme of the subway station constructed by the pipe jacking method are discussed, including structure segmentation, joint design, longitudinal connections, waterproofing, and construction procedures. Subsequently, the specimens were tested under twice the values of the designed loads to obtain the bending resistance and shear resistance characteristics of the joint. Moreover, a simplified solid element section-spring model for mimicking the behaviour of the joint was established and validated by the test results. The mechanical performance of the station structure was investigated using three-dimensional finite element analyses by incorporating a simplified joint model. The results indicate that the structure deformation and stress meet the code requirements, demonstrating the applicability of the novel structure scheme. The research provides a practical solution for the trenchless construction of prefabricated subway stations, contributing to sustainable development of urban underground space.

An Analytical Model for Three-Tower Self-Anchored Suspension Bridges with Longitudinal Tower-Girder Connections

This study proposes an analytical model for three-tower self-anchored suspension bridges with different longitudinal tower-girder connections based on the deflection theory. The proposed model utilizes horizontal springs to model the stiffness of the tower-girder connections and includes the nonlinear effect caused by the stiffness of the towers and the tower-girder connections. The comparison analysis demonstrates that the structural responses predicted by the proposed analytical model agreed well with those gained by the nonlinear finite element method under various live load cases. A parametric analysis is carried out to examine the effects of different parameters, including the side-to-main span ratio, stiffness of the towers, sag-to-span ratio, axial and flexural stiffness of the girder, on the mechanical characteristics of three-tower self-anchored suspension bridges. The results show that decreasing the side-to-main span ratio and the sag-to-span ratio have the same effect as increasing the flexural stiffness of the girder on improving the static behavior of three-tower self-anchored suspension bridges. The tower-girder longitudinal connection has an apparent impact on the structural performances of the bridges, and the structural system with a tower-girder connection at the mid-tower always has the smallest structural responses under live loads.

Positive relations mediate the bidirectional connections between depression and anxiety symptoms

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occur at high rates, often preceding and predicting one another over long durations. Interpersonal theories propose that relationships with others may contribute to the longitudinal connections between MDD and GAD. Therefore, the current study examined the mediational effect of positive relations with others in these connections over 18 years. MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults (n = 3294) participated in data collection at three time-points (Time 1 [T1], Time 2 [T2], and Time 3 [T3]) spaced about nine years apart. MDD and GAD symptoms were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form. Positive relations was measured with the Psychological Well-Being Scale–Positive Relations with Others subscale. Structural equation mediation modeling was used for data analysis. ResultsResults indicated that lower T2 positive relations significantly mediated the relationship between higher T1 MDD severity predicting more severe T3 GAD symptoms (d = 0.375) and explained 10.7% of the variance. T2 positive relations also had a significant mediational effect in the association between T1 GAD symptoms positively predicting T3 MDD severity (d = 0.360), accounting for 12.2% of the variance of this connection. These mediational effects were significant after adjusting for age, gender, education, and T1 symptoms (d = 0.277–0.677). ConclusionsSupporting interpersonal theories, lack of positive relations with others mediated the bidirectional connections between MDD and GAD symptoms across 18 years. Future research should continue to explore the influence of positive relations on mental health and whether treatments that enhance interpersonal functioning could improve treatment for depression and anxiety.

Programmatic approaches to achieving equity for women in anesthesiology.

Programmatic approaches to achieving equity for women in anesthesiology.

Parental Resilience and Quality of Life in Children with Developmental Disabilities in Indonesia: The Role of Protective Factors

The severity of physical, cognitive, and social-emotional challenges in children with developmental disabilities significantly impacts their quality of life. One of the most consistent factors that play a role in the quality of life for children with a developmental disability is parental resilience. Previous research has identified several factors that influence parental resilience. However, this research is limited to Western countries. Little is known about the role of these factors in relation to parental resilience in Asian societies. The present study investigates the longitudinal associations between potential protective factors (fewer stressors, adaptive appraisal, social support, and compensating experiences) and parental resilience and quality of life in Indonesian families with children with developmental disabilities. A three-wave longitudinal design was used to test the indirect link between protective factors, family resilience, and quality of life. Wave one was composed of 497 families, out of which 224 and 209 families participated in waves two (1-year follow-up) and three (2-year follow-up), respectively. The Inventory of Family Protective Factors (IFPP), the Parenting Resilience Elements and the Quality of Life of children scales were used to assess the main concepts. The longitudinal connections between protective variables, parental resilience, and children’s quality of life were tested using cross-lagged path analysis. The results showed that all protective factors predicted parental resilience, and parental resilience predicted the quality of life of children with developmental disabilities.

Hippocampal interlamellar cell-cell connectome that counts.

The hippocampus is regarded as a cognition hub, particularly for learning and memory. Previously, neuronal mechanisms underlying various cognitive functions are delineated with the lamellar hippocampal circuitry, dentate gyrus-CA3 or CA2-CA1, within the transverse plane. More recently, interlamellar (often referred to as longitudinal) projections have received intensive attention to help understand signal convergence and divergence in cognition and behavior. Signal propagation along the longitudinal axis is evidenced by axonal arborization patterns and synaptic responses to electro- and photo-stimulation, further demonstrating that information flow is more enriched in the longitudinal plane than the transverse plane. Here, we review the significance of longitudinal connections for cognition, discuss a putative circuit mechanism of place coding, and suggest the reconceptualization of the hippocampal circuitry.