Longitudinal Changes Research Articles

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has no impact on postpartum transient longitudinal changes in hip geometry in adolescent mothers: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

We have previously demonstrated that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during adolescent pregnancy reduces the magnitude of transient postpartum bone mass loss. In the present post hoc analysis, we further investigated the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in hip geometry throughout one year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with low daily calcium intake (∼600 mg/d). Pregnant adolescents (14-19 years) were randomly assigned to receive calcium (600 mg/d) plus vitamin D3 (200 μg/d) or a placebo from 26 weeks of gestation until parturition. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images were obtained at 5 (n 30 and 26 for calcium plus vitamin D and placebo, respectively), 20 (n 26 and 21) and 56 (n 18 and 12) weeks postpartum, and hip geometry parameters were analysed by Advanced Hip Assessment software. The effects of the intervention, time point and their interaction were assessed using repeated-measures mixed-effects models. No significant intervention effects or intervention × time interactions were observed on hip geometry parameters (P > 0·05). Time effects were observed in cross-sectional area, cross-sectional moment of inertia and section modulus parameters with decreases from the 5th to the 20th week postpartum followed by recovery from the 20th to the 56th week (P < 0·05). Our findings indicate that the postpartum period is associated with transient changes in the hip geometry of lactating adolescent mothers, regardless of the low calcium intake and the supplementation offered during pregnancy, suggesting that a physiological adaptation of these adolescents to low calcium intake is at play.

Exploring the longitudinal course of motor dexterity in first-episode psychosis: a 10-year follow-up.

This study aimed to examine longitudinal changes in motor dexterity (MD) performance in first episode of psychosis (FEP), focusing on diagnosis-specific trajectories. Participants were recruited from the project PAFIP in Spain (134 FEP, 84 HC). MD was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard Test at baseline and at 10-year follow-up. Clinical and premorbid data were collected for the patients. FEP participants were classified as having schizophrenia (SCZ) or other psychosis (OP) and compared with a group of healthy controls (HC). MD correlated significantly with age and intelligence in all participants. MD in SCZ patients was additionally correlated with premorbid adjustment and negative symptoms, whereas in the OP group the association was with antipsychotic dose. SCZ patients showed a slight decline in MD at follow-up, whereas the OP and HC groups remained stable. There may be different long-term trajectories of MD across diagnoses in FEP patients. Early developmental factors such as premorbid adaptation and cognitive function, together with age-related changes, may influence a mild decline in MD specifically in schizophrenia.

Longitudinal change in the adjective intensifier system of Hexagonal French

Abstract Intensifiers are known for their dynamic nature, due in part to the expressive function they serve. However, while the quantitative patterning of English intensifiers has been studied extensively, the intensifier system of French has yet to be well documented. This study therefore examines intensifier use from a variationist sociolinguistic perspective in the ESLO corpus of spoken Hexagonal French. The quantitative distributions of adjective intensifiers are compared across two corpora collected in 1970 and 2010. Results show a significant decrease in intensification rate over time. Analysis of individual intensifiers show some to have decreased in use over time (e.g. très, tellement), others to have increased (e.g. vraiment, tout), and others to appear only in the later sample (e.g. super, hyper). Longitudinal change is also found in the adjectival function (predicative vs. attributive) and collocational width of intensifiers. Relating to social factors, no significant gender difference is found between female and male speakers’ intensification rate over time. Furthermore, très dominates as the preferred intensifier among older generations, while younger speakers favour more varied intensifiers. Analyzing such changes in the use of intensifiers over the past half century contributes to a better understanding of the structure and development of the French intensifier system.

Benefits of combining SGLT2 inhibitors and pioglitazone on risk of MASH in type 2 diabetes-A real-world study.

Both pioglitazone and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) alone improve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in randomized clinical trials, whereas preclinical studies suggested MASH benefits with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). In the real world, patients with type 2 diabetes often require multiple agents for glycaemic control. Here, we investigated the benefits of combining these agents on risks of MASH. Longitudinal changes in FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score were measured in 888 patients with type 2 diabetes. Use of pioglitazone, GLP1RA and/or SGLT2i was defined as continuous prescriptions of ≥180 days prior to their last reassessment FibroScan. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between use of these agents and FAST score changes. Over a median follow-up of 3.9 years, the increasing number of these agents used was significantly associated with more reductions in FAST score (p for trend <0.01). Dual combination was independently associated with a higher likelihood of achieving low FAST score at reassessment than single use of any of these agents (odds ratio [OR] 2.84, p = 0.01). Among the different drug combinations, using SGLT2i and pioglitazone (median dose 15 mg daily) together, as compared to not using any of these three agents, was associated with a higher likelihood of both low FAST score at reassessment (OR 6.51, p = 0.008) and FAST score regression (OR 12.52, p = 0.009), after adjusting for changes in glycaemic control and body weight during the study. Combining SGLT2i and pioglitazone is a potentially useful strategy to ameliorate 'at-risk' MASH in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with cholestasis following liver transplantation.

Biliary strictures are among the most common complications following liver transplantation (LT). If endoscopic retrograde cholangiography fails, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) may serve as an alternative approach. Description of clinical important short- and long-term outcomes as well as outcome prediction following PTBD after LT are scarce. We analyzed outcomes of 56 liver-transplanted adults with biliary complications receiving a PTBD. We described the safety and longitudinal laboratory changes. We analyzed as endpoints, incidence of biliary complications, need for surgical biliary revision/re-LT and overall-survival at 12- and 60-months. We used simple comparison tests accordingly and performed competing risk analysis and multivariate competing risk regression as well as log-rank test and cox proportional hazard regression for further analysis. PTBD procedures had a high technical success rate (98%) and tolerable safety profile. Multiple laboratory indicators improved during follow-up (37 patients with complete biochemical follow-up). Incidence of subsequent biliary complications was highly dependent on the nature of present biliary strictures (Anastomotic stricture (AS): adjusted SHR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.78, p = 0.016). Need for surgical biliary revision/re-LT remained below 15%. 12-month survival was significantly better, if drainage into the small intestine was achieved at first attempt compared to completely external drainage (internal: 92.9 vs. external: 67.9%, p = 0.018). Patients with AS had a numerically higher long-term-survival and higher C-reactive-protein (CRP) and lower body-mass-index (BMI) at baseline were significantly associated with inferior short- and long-term-survival. PTBD for biliary complications following LT had a high technical success and a tolerable safety profile. Incidence of subsequent biliary complications was highly dependent on the nature of biliary strictures and increased mortality was found in patients with higher CRP, lower BMI and failure of initial PTBD internalization.

Added value in low-risk pregnancies of longitudinal changes in uterine Doppler and circulating angiogenic factors during the third trimester in predicting term preeclampsia.

To assess the relationship between longitudinal changes in the uterine Doppler velocimetry and the maternal profile of angiogenic factors in the third trimester of pregnancy and to assess their ability to predict term preeclampsia. A cohort of low-risk pregnant women was constructed at second trimester routine scan and scheduled for a uterine Doppler evaluation and measurement of the circulating levels of angiogenic factors at ~30 and ~36 weeks. The performance of both parameters at both time-points and their change over time from the first to the second measurement in predicting term preeclampsia was evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. A total of 1172 women were analyzed, of which 28 (2.4%) women developed term preeclampsia. At ~30 weeks, a model including the ratio sFlt-1/PlGF (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor) and the uterine Doppler explained 16.2% of the uncertainty of developing term preeclampsia, while at ~36 weeks the same variables explained 25.2% [p<0.001]. A model including the longitudinal changes of both predictors had an R2 of 26.8%, which was not significantly different from that of the ~36 weeks evaluation [p=0.45]. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ~36 weeks sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was significantly higher than at ~30 weeks (0.86 [0.77-0.94] vs. 0.81 [0.73-0.9]; p=0.043). The AUC of the 30-to-36 week change of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (0.85 [0.77-0.94]) did not significantly differ from that of at ~36 weeks (p=0.82). At ~36 weeks, for a 10% of false positives, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio had a detection rate of 71.4%, with positive and negative likelihood ratios of 7.3 and 0.32, respectively. A cross-sectional measurement of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio outperforms uterine Doppler in predicting term preeclampsia. The combination of both markers does not improve such prediction, nor the evaluation of the longitudinal changes between ~30 and ~36 weeks.

Different patterns of longitudinal changes in antinuclear antibodies titers in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome.

to investigate the trend of autoantibody titers during a 2-year follow-up in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) and pediatric Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Autoantibodies testing was performed every 3-4 months during 2 years from disease onset in a cohort of children with pSLE and pSS. We enrolled 21 children with pSLE and 22 children with pSS. All pSLE patients at 2 years showed ANA titers significantly lower compared to disease onset. Eleven patients (73%) were still ANA positive at 2 years, while 4 (26%) became ANA negative. At diagnosis, 12 (80%) patients showed a homogeneous pattern, while 3 (20%) patients showed a speckled pattern. The latter remained ANA positive with the same pattern; only 2 patients with a homogenous pattern converted to speckled, 4 patients with a homogeneous pattern became ANA negative. ANA negative pSLE patients showed lower levels of interferon score compared to ANA positive patients. Anti-dsDNA titers declined equally in the two groups. All patients with pSS, at disease onset, were ANA and anti-Ro positive and 14 (66%) were anti-La positive. After 2 years of follow-up, 100% remained ANA positive but showed significant lower titers. During follow-up anti-Ro and anti-La titers remained stable. different patterns in changes of ANA and ENA titers in pSLE and pSS were shown. At 2 years of follow-up, all pSLE patients had a lower ANA titer and 26% became negative; however, all pSS patients remained both ANA and ENA positive. This evidence may be due to different pathogenetic pathways in SLE and pSS.

Association of depression with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan: A mendelian randomization study.

Understanding the impact of depression on brain aging benefits the prognosis of this disease and of the risk that other age-related brain disorders will develop in the same population. The aim of the present study was to explore the genetic effect of depression on longitudinal changes in brain structure throughout the lifespan using a Mendelian randomization approach. Summary data from a genome-wide association study of 195,321 to 377,277 participants in the FinnGen consortium were used to predict depression, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and antidepressant use genetically. Data from 15,640 participants in the ENIGMA consortium were included to predict changes in 15 brain structures throughout the lifespan. The causal relationship between these depressive traits and the brain structure parameters was assessed by two-sample Mendelian randomization (including inverse-variance weighted). Sensitivity analyses were conducted for quality control. Depression slowed the decrease of cortical gray matter volume significantly throughout the lifespan (p = 0.001). Depression, anxiety, and mood disorders nominally decreased the rates of change of volume in the cerebellum gray matter, lateral ventricles, and cortical gray matter throughout the lifespan (p = 0.048, p = 0.021, p = 0.038, respectively). Antidepressants did not affect these rates of change significantly (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of this study. Depression and its main symptoms have a slight effect on longitudinal changes in a few brain structures throughout the lifespan at the genetic level. These findings do not support the notion that depression affects macro-aging in the brain crucially.

Association of longitudinal changes in 24-h blood pressure level and variability with cognitive decline.

A high office blood pressure (BP) is associated with cognitive decline. However, evidence of 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring is limited, and no studies have investigated whether longitudinal changes in 24-h BP are associated with cognitive decline. We aimed to test whether higher longitudinal changes in 24-h ambulatory BP measurements are associated with cognitive decline. We included 437 dementia-free participants from the Maracaibo Aging Study with prospective data on 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and cognitive function, which was assessed using the selective reminding test (SRT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Using multivariate linear mixed regression models, we analyzed the association between longitudinal changes in measures of 24-h ambulatory BP levels and variability with cognitive decline. Over a median follow-up of 4 years (interquartile range, 2-5 years), longitudinal changes in 24-h BP level were not associated with cognitive function ( P ≥ 0.09). Higher longitudinal changes in 24-h and daytime BP variability were related to a decline in SRT-delayed recall score; the adjusted scores lowered from -0.10 points [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.16 to -0.04) to -0.07 points (95% CI, -0.13 to -0.02). We observed that a higher nighttime BP variability during follow-up was associated with a decline in the MMSE score (adjusted score lowered from -0.08 to -0.06 points). Higher 24-h BP variability, but not BP level, was associated with cognitive decline. Prior to or in the early stages of cognitive decline, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring might guide strategies to reduce the risk of major dementia-related disorders including Alzheimer's disease.

Longitudinal Evolution of the Brain Microstructure in Cirrhotic Patients on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.

Although improvement of cognitive function after liver transplantation has been demonstrated in several neuropsychological studies, there is limited research on longitudinal changes in the cirrhotic patients' brain structure before and after transplantation. To investigate longitudinal changes of brain microstructure in cirrhotic patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Prospective. A total of 153 cirrhosis patients, comprising 60 hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients (16 females/44 males) and 93 no-HE patients (35 females/58 males), along with 93 healthy controls (HCs) (53 females/40 males) were enrolled. Subsequently, 58 recipients completed 1-month postoperative follow-up, 29 patients completed 1-, 3-months, and 17 patients completed 1-, 3-, 6-month follow-up. Spin-echo single-shot echo-planar sequence using a 3.0 T scanner. Diffusion kurtosis estimator software was used to estimate the DKI parameter maps by a MR imaging physicist (Y.-Y.C. with 12 years of experience). The diffusion metrics (eg, radial kurtosis [RK], mean kurtosis, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) of the patients before transplantation were compared with those of the HCs using voxel-wise analysis of variance (ANOVA), along with t tests for post hoc analysis. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to the longitudinal data. We imposed a cluster level Family Wise Error (FWE) correction rate of PFWE = 0.05 with voxel-wise cutoff of P = 0.001 together with a cluster-size cutoff of N ≥ 56, and generated smoothness estimates from the preprocessed data using the mixed-model autocorrelation function. The RK metrics of the patients decreased significantly in the anterior cingulate cortex (HE/no-HE < HC, ANOVA-F = 21.91). After transplantation, the RK of the pallidum showed a continuous upward trend (time effect T = 11.26); whereas the RK of the right postcentral gyrus showed a continuous downward trend (time effect T = -9.56). In addition, the RK in superior longitudinal fasciculus showed new-onset decrease after transplantation. Longitudinal changes in DKI metrics reveal the course of brain microstructural changes before and after transplantation in cirrhotic patients, potentially associated with cognitive alterations after surgery. 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.

The Potential of Sound Analysis to Reveal Hemodynamic Conditions of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Hemodialysis.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF), the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis, is associated with high failure rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of AVF sound auscultation in providing quantitative information on AVF hemodynamic conditions. This single-center prospective study involved six patients with native radio-cephalic AVFs who underwent multiple follow-up visits. Doppler Ultrasound blood flow volume (BFV) assessment and electronic stethoscope-based sound recordings were performed during each visit, whereas MRIs were acquired 3days, 3weeks and 1year after surgery. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed on patient-specific MRI-derived geometrical models. Higher values of median peak amplitudes ratios (high-low peak ratio-HLPR) were found to be associated with complex blood flow and velocity streamlines recirculation at systolic peak, and corresponding extended regions of high oscillatory shear index (OSI). On the contrary, lower values of HLPR were associated with laminar flow pattern and low values of OSI. Significant differences were observed in HLPR between subgroups with extended or limited areas with OSI > 0.1 (0.67 vs 0.31, respectively). Significant relationships were found between AVF sound intensity and brachial BFV (slope = 0.103, p < 0.01) as well as between longitudinal changes in brachial BFV and HLPR (slope = - 0.001, p < 0.01). Our results show that AVF sound can be exploited to extract fundamental information on AVF hemodynamic conditions, providing indication of the presence of complex hemodynamic and adequate BFV to perform hemodialysis. Sound analysis has therefore the potential to improve clinical AVF surveillanceand to ameliorate outcome.

Longitudinal Changes in Adolescents’ Sedentary, Light, Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity Levels

Background and purpose: In recent years, sedentary behaviour (SB) has become a significant risk factor for health, alongside the decline of physical activity (PA) in the population. This study explored adolescents’ PA and SB using a longitudinal design, from the age of 13 to 15, to elucidate any changes and when they potentially occur. Method: The data material from the accelerometer measurements was analysed using the program SPSS, version 28. Repeated measures ANOVA (and follow-up test with Bonferroni corrections) were used to assess changes in the four activity levels during the three years. Independent t-tests were used to examine gender differences in each year and at each activity level and to determine differences in activity level between participants with valid data for all three years and those with valid data only at 13 and/or 14 years of age. Results: Statistical analyses of the accelerometer measurements revealed a significant increase in time in the lowest activity level and a decrease in light, moderate and vigorous intensity PA levels during the three years. These changes were larger from 13 to 14, than from 14 to 15, years of age. However, no significant interaction was found between time and gender. Analyses also showed a significantly higher time spent in SB and lower time spent in moderate activity among girls compared to boys at 13, but not at the age of 14 and 15. Conclusions: The findings, which indicate a reduction in PA and increased sedentary time with increasing age, are discussed, which we argue are important to increase and solidify involvement in PA among adolescents. Emphasized here is the importance of communicating the diverse possibilities of movement and challenging understandings of what PA can be for youth.

대학생의 디지털 리터러시 변화에 대한 종단연구: 잠재성장모형을 적용하여

The purpose of this study was to examine the change patten of college students’ digital literacy by using the data of ‘Korean Media Panel Data for the 12th(2021), 13the(2021), 14th(2023) year conducted by Korea Information Society Development Institute(KISDI). Four sub-competencies of information utilization, information acquisition, media utilization, and personal information recognition were selected as digital literacy competencies. The latent growth model was utilized to analyze longitudinal change with influence of independent variables. The major findings of this research were as followings. First, college student’s digital literacy showed linearly increased. Second, it was confirmed that the major(engineering sciences), SNS(social network service) and OTT(over-the-top media service) consumption behavior had a positive effect on the initial level and change in digital literacy, while gender had no significant differences in digital literacy. Third, the predictors(major, SNS and OTT consumption) had significant effects on information utilization, information acquisition. Based on the results of study, we suggest that it is necessary to care of non-science and Engineering Students. Also, it is necessary to provide opportunities and programs for individual student to use digital platforms and online contents.

A phase 2, multicenter, clinical trial of CPX-351 in older patients with secondary or high-risk acute myeloid leukemia: PETHEMA-LAMVYX.

LAMVYX was a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial designed to validate the safety and efficacy of CPX-351 in patients aged 60-75 years with newly diagnosed, secondary acute myeloid leukemia and to generate evidence on key issues not addressed in the preceding regulatory pivotal trial. The primary end point of the study was the complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) rate after induction. Eligible patients were recommended to undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after the first consolidation cycle. Alternatively, patients could undergo up to six maintenance cycles with CPX-351. Twenty-nine patients (49%; 95% exact confidence interval [CI], 37%-62%) patients achieved a CR/CRi after one or two cycles of induction, with a measurable residual disease negativity rate of 67% as assessed by centralized, multiparameter flow cytometry. Among patients who had serial next-generation sequencing analyses available, clearance of somatic mutations that were present at diagnosis was achieved in 7 (35%). The median follow-up among survivors was 16.8 months (range, 8.7-24.3 months). The median event-free survival was 3.0 months (95% CI, 1.4-7.3 months), and the median overall survival was 7.4 months (95% CI, 3.7-12.7 months). In landmark analyses at day +100 from diagnosis, the 1-year overall and event-free survival rate among patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 70% (95% CI, 47%-100%) and 70% (95% CI, 47%-100%), respectively. The corresponding values were 89% (95% CI, 71%-100%) and 44% (95% CI, 21%-92%), respectively, for patients who entered the maintenance phase. No significant longitudinal changes were observed in severity index or quality-of-life visual analog scale scores. The current data provide novel insights that might inform the clinical positioning and optimal use of CPX-351, complementing previous results (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04230239).

White matter integrity and motor function: a link between cerebral myelination and longitudinal changes in gait speed in aging.

Gait speed is a robust health biomarker in older adults, correlating with the risk of physical and cognitive impairments, including dementia. Myelination plays a crucial role in neurotransmission and consequently affects various functions, yet the connection between myelination and motor functions such as gait speed is not well understood. Understanding this link could offer insights into diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases that impair mobility. This study analyzed 437 longitudinal observations from 138 cognitively unimpaired adults, aged 22 to 94years, to investigate the relationship between myelin content and changes in gait speed over an average of 6.42years. Myelin content was quantified using a novel multicomponent magnetic resonance relaxometry method, and both usual and rapid gait speeds (UGS, RGS) were measured following standard protocols. Adjusting for covariates, we found a significant fixed effect of myelin content on UGS and RGS. Longitudinally, lower myelin content was linked to a greater decline in UGS, particularly in brain regions associated with motor planning. These results suggest that changes in UGS may serve as a reliable marker of neurodegeneration, particularly in cognitively unimpaired adults. Interestingly, the relationship between myelin content and changes in RGS was only observed in a limited number of brain regions, although the reason for such local susceptibility remains unknown. These findings enhance our understanding of the critical role of myelination in gait performance in unimpaired adults and provide evidence of the interconnection between myelin content and motor functionimpairment.

Residential and experienced social segregation: the roles of different transport modes, metro extensions, and longitudinal changes in Hong Kong

Social segregation is a challenge intensified by rapid urbanisation. Using mobility data, researchers have widened the scope of analysis from static residential segregation patterns to experienced segregation in activity space. Despite such progress, we have yet to decipher how social segregation evolves with the urban development process. The different roles of transport modes, major transport infrastructure expansion, and longitudinal changes over decades are rarely captured. This study utilises three Hong Kong Travel Characteristics Surveys data from 1992 to 2011 to analyse the city’s social mixing changes. Detailed mobility and socio-demographic data of 101,385 (2011), 92,520 (2002) and 77,271 (1992) individuals were included. We found that the unequal experience of social segregation among different social demographic groups has persisted across the two decades. Nevertheless, public transit has a significant effect in increasing social mixing, thereby moderating the experienced social segregation. The roles of buses and the metro system are particularly noteworthy. Nonetheless, we found a selection bias of new metro stations in areas of high social mixing already. Over time, the metro expansion plays a paradoxical role. On one hand, the metro stations’ immediate catchment areas have seen a decreased low-income population. On the other hand, the increased number of metro trips allows people to have a more diverse experience.

Latent change-on-change between amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline.

While the influence of cross-sectional β-amyloid (Aβ) on longitudinal changes in cognition is well established, longitudinal change-on-change between Aβ and cognition is less explored. A series of bivariate latent change score models (LCSM) examined the relationship between changes in 11C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC-5) while adjusting for covariates, including cross-sectional medial temporal lobe (MTL) tau-PET burden. We selected 352 clinically normal older participants with up to 9 years of PiB-PET and PACC-5 data from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS). Aβ accumulation was associated with subsequent cognitive decline beyond the effects of cross-sectional Aβ burden. Within this model including covariates such as age, sex, and apolipoprotein ε4 (APOEε4) status, we found no evidence supporting previously published associations between cross-sectional tau-PET and cognitive intercept/slope. Short-term Aβ changes are significantly associated with cognitive decline in clinically normal older adults and may eclipse the effect of cross-sectional Aβ and MTL tau. Aβ accumulation is associated with subsequent cognitive decline. High Aβ burden is not the sole metric signaling impending cognitive decline. Contrary to prior work, MTL tau-PET and cognition were not associated in our models. Models of bivariate latent Aβ and cognitive change may eclipse theeffects of MTL tau.

Longitudinal transcriptional changes reveal genes from the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway as critical players underlying COVID-19 progression

Patients present a wide range of clinical severities in response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but the underlying molecular and cellular reasons why clinical outcomes vary so greatly within the population remains unknown. Here, we report that negative clinical outcomes in severely ill patients were associated with divergent RNA transcriptome profiles in peripheral immune cells compared with mild cases during the first weeks after disease onset. Protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that early-responding cytotoxic natural killer cells were associated with an effective clearance of the virus and a less severe outcome. This innate immune response was associated with the activation of select cytokine–cytokine receptor pathways and robust Th1/Th2 cell differentiation profiles. In contrast, severely ill patients exhibited a dysregulation between innate and adaptive responses affiliated with divergent Th1/Th2 profiles and negative outcomes. This knowledge forms the basis of clinical triage that may be used to preemptively detect high-risk patients before life-threatening outcomes ensue.

Longitudinal transcriptional changes reveal genes from the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway as critical players underlying COVID-19 progression.

Patients present a wide range of clinical severities in response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but the underlying molecular and cellular reasons why clinical outcomes vary so greatly within the population remains unknown. Here, we report that negative clinical outcomes in severely ill patients were associated with divergent RNA transcriptome profiles in peripheral immune cells compared with mild cases during the first weeks after disease onset. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that early-responding cytotoxic natural killer cells were associated with an effective clearance of the virus and a less severe outcome. This innate immune response was associated with the activation of select cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways and robust Th1/Th2 cell differentiation profiles. In contrast, severely ill patients exhibited a dysregulation between innate and adaptive responses affiliated with divergent Th1/Th2 profiles and negative outcomes. This knowledge forms the basis of clinical triage that may be used to preemptively detect high-risk patients before life-threatening outcomes ensue.

Dietary Pattern Trajectories in French Adults Over Time (2014-2022): Role of Socioeconomic Factors

Abstract While dietary transitions towards more plant-based diets are urgently needed, few studies have investigated current diet trajectories, based on observed longitudinal data. This study investigated current dietary transitions of French adults over an 8 years period (2014-2022), while assessing the nutritional quality of the consumed foods and the role of diverse socio-economic factors. Consumption data from 17,187 NutriNet-Santé cohort participants weighted for the French Census were collected using a food frequency questionnaire in 2014, 2018, 2022. Adopting a gender-specific approach, consumption changes in 23 food groups were assessed over time. The nutritional quality was evaluated using the cDQI score, categorizing foods into ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’. The socioeconomic analysis targeted four food groups (red meat, processed meat, legumes and wholegrain products), strongly linked to mortality risk and recognized as significant markers of the sustainable diet transition. All analyses were conducted using multi-adjusted mixed-effects models. Consumption of some healthy plant-based foods (nuts +59 %, legumes +22%, wholegrain products +7%) significantly increased over time; while consumption of some unhealthy foods (red meat -19%, refined cereals -18%, sweet drinks -15%) decreased. Conversely, consumption of prepared and mixed dishes (+16%), processed meat (+35%) and butter (+100%) increased. These changes differed in magnitude between sexes and translated into an improved food quality score (cDQI). Occupational status was linked to longitudinal changes in food consumption, showing increased intake of plant-based foods among students and higher socio-professional categories. Our findings provide accurate data on trends and factors for targeted initiatives, guiding strategic interventions for a sustainable dietary transition. Key messages • Plant-based food consumption increased while unhealthy food intake, both plant and animal-based, decreased; Gender differences were observed in baseline consumption and the extent of changes over time. • Occupational status was linked to longitudinal changes in food consumption. Increased intake of plant-based foods was observed among students and higher socio-professional categories.