Longer Inflorescences Research Articles

Hohenbergia amargosensis (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil

The authors describe Hohenbergia amargosensis, a new ornamental species of Bromeliaceae from the Atlantic Forest of the Amargosa city, in Bahia state, Brazil. This new species is morphologically related to H. reconcavensis, but can be distinguished from it by the larger plant size when in bloom, longer inflorescence with laxly arranged branches, and a broader diameter at the base, primary bracts equaling to exceeding the primary branches, primary branches with longer stipe, and lilac petals. Additionally, its conservation status and phenology are discussed, and the illustrations of this new species and its morphologically close relatives are compared.

 Carexmalipoensis (Cyperaceae), a new species from southeast Yunnan, China.

Carexmalipoensis, a new species from southeast Yunnan, China, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C.trichophylla in sect. Euprepes, but differs from it by its longer inflorescences and peduncles, pendulous spikes, hispidulous female glumes, densely hispidulous utricles, and longer nutlets.

Produção de couve-flor ornamental com uso de regulador de crescimento

ABSTRACT Some vegetables have been used as an innovation in the ornamental plant market, such as cauliflower, which has well-defined morphological traits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol, applied via soil, in order to produce cauliflower for ornamental purposes. The design used was completely randomized with five treatments and seven replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of the growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mg dm-3) and the control (without application). For vegetative growth, we evaluated number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, total chlorophyll, flavonoid index, and nitrogen balance. For production, we evaluated fresh mass of shoot and root, fresh and dry weight, diameter and length of the inflorescences. The application of PBZ promoted significant changes in the development of the cauliflower, resulting in more compact plants, with shorter stems, smaller leaves and a more intense green color (visual observation), and also early inflorescence emission. The authors verified higher fresh and dry weight, diameter and longer inflorescence with application of 0.5 mg dm-3 of PBZ, demonstrating the potential of PBZ to obtain mini cauliflower to serve the potted plant market.

A new Pseudolepanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Northwest Ecuador

A new species of the genus Pseudolepanthes discovered in Carchi province, northwest Ecuador, is described here. The new species is compared with P. zunagensis from which it is distinguished by a longer inflorescence with successive vinaceous or pale-yellow flowers, an elongate arcuate column, and a lip with an erect, thick, widely rectangular central callus.
 Keywords: Dracula Reserve, EcoMinga, Trichosalpinx, Trichosalpinx pseudolepanthes

Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) – a Potential New Crop in Bangladesh: Agronomic Performance With Sowing Date

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka with the financial support of SAURES (Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System) to study the possibility of growing quinoa in Bangladesh with different sowing dates having two cultivars. The experiment comprised of two factors; Factor A: Cultivar (2) viz., Titicaca (C1) and Vikinga (C2) and Factor B: Sowing date (5) viz. November -10 (S1), December -10 (S2), January -10 (S3), February -10 (S4) and March -10(S5). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Results revealed that different growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were significantly varied with different sowing dates. At harvest, the tallest plant height (63.75 cm), highest seed yield (0.77 t ha-1) and straw yield (0.89 t ha-1) was found from Titicaca but the higher number of branches plant-1 (17.71) from Vikinga. The tallest plant height (62.54 cm), highest branch number plant-1 (22.82), longest inflorescence (29.62 cm), highest 1000-seed weight (2.56 g), seed yield (1.09 t ha-1), straw yield (1.25 t ha-1) and harvest index (46.58%) was exhibited by November -10 sowing. The interaction effect of Titicaca sown in November -10 (C1S1) resulted the highest plant height at harvest (72.83 cm), branches plant-1 (25.20), 1000-seed weight (2.58 g), seed yield (1.16 t ha-1) and straw yield (1.33 t ha-1) but the highest inflorescence length (31.46 cm) and harvest index (47.02%) from C2S2 (Vikinga sown in December – 10). From the above results it can be concluded that quinoa – as a new crop is suitable to cultivate in Rabi season of Bangladesh with a complete agronomic management package.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 67-73

New species, Bulbophyllum trongquyetii (Orchidaceae) from Vietnam

Bulbophyllum trongquyetii is described as new for science from Vietnam. Detailed morphological description, illustration, data on distribution, and phenology are provided. Described species resembles B. nipondhii but differs in the bigger size of plant, longer inflorescence, and uniform yellow or reddish-orange flowers. It can be also compared with B. thaiorum and B. farreri but easily distinguished by the bigger size of plant and flowers, as well as smooth or sparsely papillose lateral sepals.

A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America

Abstract—We present a phylogenetic classification for Plukenetia (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic studies using nuclear (ETS, ITS, KEA1 introns 11 and 17, TEB exon 17) and plastid (matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH) DNA data. Plukenetia comprises 25 species divided into six sections, with three new sections and four new species described here. The circumscription of Plukenetia is unaltered from recent treatments and we continue to recognize Romanoa as distinct. The sections of Plukenetia correspond with the subclade system proposed by Cardinal-McTeague and Gillespie (2016): P1 = P. sect. Fragariopsis comb. et stat. nov.; P2 = P. sect. Penninerviae sect. nov.; P3 = P. sect. Plukenetia; P4 = P. sect. Angostylidium; and P5 = P. sect. Hedraiostylus + P. sect. Madagascarienses sect. nov. The sections are distinguished by a combination of leaf venation, staminate flower morphology, pistillate flower number, style morphology, fruit type, and seed size. Additionally, we describe three new species from South America belonging to sect. Penninerviae: Plukenetia brevistyla and Plukenetia megastyla from the Amazon basin and Plukenetia chocoensis from the Chocó Biogeographic Region of Colombia. The new Amazonian species are morphologically similar to P. brachybotrya but distinguished by their style shape and size. The new Colombian species is morphologically similar to P. penninervia but distinguished by its elongate basilaminar extrafloral nectaries, presence of abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries, and longer inflorescences. We also describe a new species from sect. Plukenetia, Plukenetia sylvestris, which is found in central and southern Peru. This species is suggested to be the wild progenitor of the cultivated P. carolis-vegae, differing by its smaller seeds/fruits and fewer stamens. Molecular data, including a new ETS phylogeny sampling P. brevistyla, support our new taxa as distinct. Keys to the sections and species of Plukenetia are provided and we designate 12 new lectotypes for Plukenetia and Romanoa.

A Morphometric Approach in South American Stipoids with Plumose and Pappus-like Awns

Abstract—Within grasses, the tribe Stipeae is highly specialized by the presence of only one fruit per spikelet and characterized by the diversity in the ornamentation of the floret. Our aim was to analyze similarities and differences based on multi- and univariate analyses among closely related species in American Stipeae: Jarava species with plumose-like awns and species of Pappostipa with pappus-like awns. Ordination analyses (principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis) were used to determine major groupings, while significant differences among groups were tested by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis based on generalized linear models (GLM). Based on morphological similarities, we delimited five groups. The presence of a small floret characterized Jarava annua, J. media, and J. plumosula, although J. annua was clearly distinguished by the distribution of hairs in the awn column. Jarava subplumosa and J. psylantha were characterized by the pubescence of the culm, the length of the floret callus, the length of the awn subule, and the length of the awn hairs. Pappostipa was distinctive by having hairs only in the awn column that resemble a pappus while Jarava neaei + J. pogonathera presented the longest inflorescences and hairs only on the awn subule, resembling a feather. As a result, we present a key to taxa and descriptions to characterize and identify species within the Jarava-Pappostipa group with plumose and pappus-like awns.

<p><strong><em>Pedicularis khoiyangii</em></strong><strong> (Orobanchaceae), a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India</strong></p>

Pedicularis khoiyangii D.Borah & R.Kr.Singh, is described as a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India. The new species belongs to Pedicularis series Rudes Prain and is closely related to P. prainiana Maximowicz, but differs by its larger size, longer inflorescence, distal bracts ovate, shorter pedicels, smaller calyx, densely silky villous nature, calyx teeth shorter with entire margins, equal, smaller corolla tube, shortly beaked galea, tip slightly emarginate, labium as long as galea, lobes unequal, stamens inserted at the base of corolla tube, style projecting out of the galea. This is the tallest species of Pedicularis recorded so far from India.

<p><strong>Taxonomic studies on <em>Amomum</em> Roxburgh s.l. (Zingiberaceae) in Myanmar</strong><strong>Ⅰ</strong><strong>: Two new species and two new records for the flora of Myanmar</strong></p>

Two taxa of Amomum (Zingiberaceae), Amomum erythranthum and Amomum ampliflorum, from Putao, Kachin State of Northern Myanmar are described and illustrated as new to science. Amomum erythranthum is morphologically similar to A. subulatum and A. nimkeyense in having similar yellow flowers, but can be distinguished by its reddish floral tube, red anther connective, red and pubescent fruit. Amomum ampliflorum is similar to A. maximum, A. dealbatum and A. odontocarpum in white flower, but differs in its longer inflorescence and much larger flower. Two species, Amomum pauciflorum and Wurfbainia microcarpum are recorded for the flora of Myanmar for the first time. Data on ecology, phenology, distribution, conservation status, similarities to the related taxa, as well as colour photographs and line drawings of the type, and voucher specimens are provided for all reported taxa.

Comparative studies on structure of the floral nectaries and the abundance of nectar production of Prunus laurocerasus L.

There is very scanty information concerning the floral nectary structure and nectar secretion in Prunus laurocerasus L. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the micromorphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of nectaries; the abundance of nectar production; and the quantitative and qualitative composition of sugars contained in the nectar of two P. laurocerasus cultivars: ‘Schipkaensis’ and ‘Zabeliana’. The nectary structure was studied using light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The nectar sugars were analysed with HPLC. The ‘Schipkaensis’ had longer inflorescences with a larger number of flowers and a longer perianth than ‘Zabeliana’. The micromorphological structure of the nectaries in ‘Schipkaensis’ exhibited denser (approx. 39%) and larger (approx. 50%) stomata and thicker (approx. 13%) cuticular striae forming wider bands (approx. 26%) than in ‘Zabeliana’. The results provide new data on the micromorphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of these floral nectaries. Nectary cuticle ornamentation as well as the size, type and density of stomata and stomatal complex topography can have a diagnostic value in Prunus. The nectar sugar weight indicates a significant apicultural value of the cherry laurel, especially in the case of ‘Schipkaensis’. Cherry laurel is an entomophilous species recommended for cultivation in nectariferous zones and insect pollinator refuges; however, climatic conditions eliminating the invasiveness of these plants should be considered.

A new natural hybrid in the genus Laelia (Orchidaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico

A new natural hybrid in the genus Laelia, from the Mixtec region in Oaxaca state, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Laelia × tlaxiacoensis is the name given to a hybrid between L. albida and L. furfuracea. Both Laelia species are sympatric in the region where the hybrid comes from and they coincide in their bloom season. The hybrid looks like a plant of L. albida bearing an inflorescence from L. furfuracea. Laelia × tlaxiacoensis differs from L. albida by its lilac flowers, less floriferous raceme, rhombic and erect petals, and the labellum narrower at the mid-lobe than across the lateral lobes spread out. From L. furfuracea, the hybrid differs by its longer inflorescence, proportionally narrower leaves, orbicular labellum, and straight column. Information about distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status for the new hybrid is provided. A potential distribution model was generated for the putative parents of L. × tlaxiacoensis, showing the region where both become sympatric and the occurrence of the new hybrid in it.

Two new species of Cotoneaster (Rosaceae, subgen. Chaenopetalum) for the flora of Iran

Cotoneaster nima-yushiji and C. mazandaranicus (sect. Chaenopetalum), two new species of the genus Cotoneaster (Rosaceae) from northern Iran, are described and illustrated. Cotoneaster nima-yushiji is closely related to C. discolor Pojark. (1954: 16) but differs by larger leaves, indumentum of leaves, number of flowers per inflorescence, longer inflorescence, dark red and succulent fruit (vs. light red and non-succulent). C. mazandaranicus is morphologically similar to C. multiflorus C. A. Mey. (1831: 171), but is distinguished by foliar lamina with base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, shape and size of leaves, indumentum of leaves, color of leaves and fruit.

Four new Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from Amazonian Brazil

There are described and illustrated Myrcia caloneura, M. oreophila, M. sticta and M. tarauacana. Myrcia caloneura, from the states of Amazonas and Pará, is related to M. rugosior, but differs by its adult glabrescent blades and tetramerous flowers; M. oreophila, from the state of Roraima,is related to M. aegiphiloides, but has pilose, loosely reticulate blades and pilose flowers; M. sticta, from the state of Amazonas, is close to M. splendens, but has blades with rounded to cordate base and larger and easily visible glandular dots, and M. tarauacana is related to M. aequatoriensis and M. crassimarginata but has shorter blades and longer inflorescences. Conservation status of each species is also suggested.

Gymnopodium toledense (Polygonaceae), a new species from Belize resolved by morphology and distance analyses of molecular data

Gymnopodium floribundum Rolfe (Polygonaceae) is a shrub or a small tree inhabiting the tropical dry forests of Mesoamerica. A detailed examination of herbarium specimens for the taxonomic treatment of the genus for Flora Mesoamericana allowed us to find a gathering from Toledo, Belize that showed a different set of morphological characters from those of G. floribundum. We then carried out a morphological and molecular study to test if the Toledo plant was a different taxon. Morphological characters such as glandular trichomes on leaves, inflorescences and flowers, as well as longer inflorescences and perianth segments, are unique for the Toledo plant. The delimitation between it and G. floribundum was also supported by molecular characters obtained from ITS and LFY nuclear markers. The Toledo plant is described here as a new species, G. toledense Ancona & Ortiz-Díaz, based on diagnostic characters of morphology and the ITS and LFY markers. It is endemic to southern Belize, in the biogeographic region of Eastern Central America, and is assessed according to IUCN categories and criteria as Critically Endangered. A morphological diagnosis and description, key, illustration and distribution map for G. toledense are included. Citation: Ancona J. J., Ortiz-Díaz J. J., Tun-Garrido J., Monserrat Ferrer M. & Pinzón Esquivel J. P. 2018: Gymnopodium toledense (Polygonaceae), a new species from Belize resolved by morphology and distance analyses of molecular data. – Willdenowia 48: 433–441. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48313 Version of record first published online on 1 December 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Trichoglottis corazoniae (Orchidaceae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a new species from the Philippines

A new species of Trichoglottis (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Vandeae), Trichoglottis corazoniae Naive & Martyr, apparently endemic to Negros island, is here described and illustrated. It is closely similar to T. tamesisii but distinct by having forward-pointing stelidia with the upper surface being pubescent, larger flowers and a longer inflorescence. Information on the distribution, ecology and phenology are provided.

Evaluation of Lilium Hybrids (Lilium x hybrida) for Growth, Flowering and Bulb Attributes in the Hilly Regions of Uttarakhand

The present study was initiated to elucidate performance of 18 exotic lilium hybrids (Lilium x hybrida) to assess their suitability for commercial cultivation in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand. The investigation was carried out at Jilling Floritech farm during 2014-15 under protected conditions in Randomised Block Design. All the 18 hybrid varieties showed significant variation for vegetative, flowering and bulb attributes. Analysis of data indicated that among the cultivars studied, earliest sprout emergence (4.66 days) was recorded in 'Yellow Diamond'. Earliest flower-bud initiation (30.33 days) was recorded in 'Bach', and flower-bud colour break stage (46.33 days) and flowering (50.00 days) in 'Detroit'. Maximum number of flower buds/plant (8.66) was recorded in 'Pollyana', longest inflorescences (25.23cm) in I'ndian Summerset', maximum flower diameter (17.66cm) in 'Creil' and 'Golden Tycoon', maximum plant height (145.13cm) in 'Bright Dimond', and maximum stem thickness (1.86cm) in 'Novana'. However, maximum number of bulblets (6.66) per plant was recorded in 'Ceb Dazzle'.

Gastrodia isabelensis and G. solomonensis (Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae): two new species representing a new generic record in the Solomon Islands

Two new mycoheterotrophic orchids, Gastrodia isabelensis and G. solomonensis, are described and illustrated from the Solomon Islands. The genus Gastrodia is also recorded in the country for the first time. Gastrodia isabelensis is close to G. callosa from Java and Taiwan but differs in having longer inflorescences, broadly ovate to semiorbicular sepal lobes, ovate-orbicular petal lobes and lips with mauve basal calli, semiorbicular epichiles and greenish brown apical keels. Gastrodia solomonensis is close to G. queenslandica from NE Australia but is distinguished by having much longer perianth tubes, larger lips with elliptic mesochiles, and wider columns.

Chionanthus megistocarpus (Oleaceae), a new species from the Western Cordillera of Colombia

We describe a new species of Chionanthus (Oleaceae), from the Subandean forests of the Western Cordillera of Colombia. C. megistocarpus is similar to the Ecuadorian species C. colonchensis, but presents leaves with longer petioles [(12–)15–30(–35) mm], with obtuse leaf blades, without abaxial domatia, with longer inflorescences (10–20 cm long) and the largest fruits for this genus in the Neotropics (4.5–5 cm long).

Morpho-physiological variation and essential oil content of Iranian populations in Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen grown under similar condition

Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen is one of the medicinal herbs native of Iran. According to the economic importance of thyme, identify of morphological characteristics and essential oil content is important in different populations. We studied the pattern of variation of 33 morphological and physiological characteristics of T. kotschyanus in 15 Iranian populations experimentally grown under similar conditions. The results showed that in important traits, the highest mean of flowering stem length was related to Zanjan-I population, the most number of shoots pre plant was in Azarbayejangharbi-IV population, the highest leaf’s length and width respectively, belonged to Tehran and Lorestan population, the highest plant height was in Zanjan-I population, the most fresh and dry weight was related to Azarbayejangharbi-II population and the longest inflorescence was observed in Qazvin-II population. Cluster analysis of quantitative traits divided three main groups in thymus populations and Azarbayejangharbi populations were separated partially. Based on the qualitative traits, populations were classified in five main groups. As such, Zanjan and Qazvin populations were in separate groups. The results showed that the most content of essential oil and the highest mean of the most morphological traits were belonged to Azarbayejangharbi-I, IV and Tehran populations. Therefore, the morphophysiological characteristics of medicinal plants have many effects on essential oil’s content. Thus, the planting of diverse population in the equal environmental conditions will reduce the environmental impacts on incidence of vegetative traits, also better reveals the diversity of genetical differences between populations.