Longer Study Time Research Articles

Algılanan Çalışma Koşullarının İşten Ayrılma Niyeti ile Tükenmişliğe Etkisi: Gıda Perakendeciliği Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma

The effects of working conditions on employees have been examined for a long time in numerous studies on work-life, and these conditions are still necessary today due to intensive and long-term work. For a sample of 196 employees of a food retailing business in Ankara, this study examines the effect of working conditions on employee turnover intention and the mediating effect of employee burnout in this relation,. According to the findings obtained from the survey study, the conditions requiring intense physical effort dimension of the working conditions affect both burnout and the intention to leave. Besides, it has been determined that non-ergonomic conditions and monotonous work dimensions positively affect the employees' turnover intention. The mediating effect of burnout levels was not found in the relationship between employees' perceptions of working conditions and their intention to leave.

Clinical characteristics and quality of life of persistent symptoms of COVID-19 syndrome in Indonesia.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) manifests in a broad clinical spectrum. COVID-19 survivors report various symptoms up to several months after being infected. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of persistent COVID-19 syndrome in Indonesia, the factors that influence the incidence, and the quality of life. This was a cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire conducted in January 2021. Inclusion criteria were: adult Indonesian citizens who had recovered from COVID-19, and were confirmed negative by RT-PCR of nasal swabs or had undergone an isolation period for a minimum of 14 days. Data analysis was performed by the Chi-square test, followed by multivariate analysis with the backward likelihood ratio method. From a total of 385 respondents, 256 (66.5%) experienced persistent COVID-19 syndrome. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (29.4%), cough (15.5%), and muscle pain (11.2%). Of the five aspects of quality of life, the most commonly reported aspects were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The risk of persistent COVID-19 syndrome was significantly higher in subjects with older age, comorbidities, higher clinical severity, previous treatment in hospital, presence of pneumonia, and those who had required oxygen therapy. In the multivariate analysis, the most influential factor for the incidence of persistent COVID-19 syndrome was pneumonia (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.29-4.11, p<0.002). The prevalence of the persistent COVID-19 syndrome in Indonesia was high, which affects the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Pneumonia was the main factor that influenced the incidence of persistent COVID-19 syndrome. Further research with a larger sample size and a longer study time is recommended to control COVID-19 and its impact on the health and quality of life of COVID-19 survivors.

Translated article] Use of Ottawa ankle rules in a referral hospital in Peru

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the validity and safety of Ottawa's ankle rules (OAR) in the urgency department of referral hospital in Peru. Materials and methodsAn observational-transversal study was conducted for a duration of 5 months (April–June 2016). Target population were all patients older than 18 years with a foot and ankle injury who came to the urgency department. A convenience non-randomised sampling was used. The OAR test was applied and X-rays of the foot and/or ankle were performed in all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained was analysed using the SPSS 20.0 software. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio positive and negative were calculated from statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 428 patients were evaluated. The OAR test's sensitivity was 97.2%, specificity was 30.3%, positive predictive value was 22.0%, negative predictive value was 98.2%, likelihood ratio positive and negative were 1.39 and 0.09, respectively. With the application of the OAR test, a reduction of 31.2% of the total X-rays was evidenced, which could generate a saving of US $1165. ConclusionsIn conclusion, OAR's validity and safety in our environment are comparable to international data, with a reduction in the unnecessary use of radiographs. Multicentric studies involving a larger sample and longer study time are necessary to protocolize OAR in emergency units.

Plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is a biomarker for future venous thromboembolism: Results from discovery and validation studies.

BackgroundEffect‐size underestimation impedes biomarker identification. Long follow‐up time in prospective studies attenuates effect‐size estimates for transient biomarkers, while disease category–specific biomarkers are affected by merging of categories. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).Objectives(i) To re‐analyze untargeted proteomic data to identify biomarker candidates for future VTE that differ between DVT and PE and are attenuated by extended time between sampling and VTE. (ii) To perform targeted candidate validation.Patients/MethodsA VTE case‐control discovery study and a nested case‐control validation study were derived from the general population surveyed in 1994–95. Plasma was obtained at study enrollment, and VTE events were registered until 2007. Untargeted proteomic data were re‐analyzed for candidate discovery. Lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) was validated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsElevated LBP was discovered as a candidate DVT biomarker in women with less than 3 years between blood sampling and DVT. In the validation study, the odds ratio (OR) for DVT was 2.03 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.53–2.74) per standard deviation (SD) increase in LBP for women with less than 3 years between blood sampling and DVT. Adjustment for age, body mass index, and C‐reactive protein attenuated the OR to 1.79 (95% CI: 1.25–2.62) per SD. In the validation study, we observed an OR for VTE of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.28–0.77) for men in the 25th to 50th percentiles when compared to the lowest quartile.ConclusionsWe discovered and validated increased LBP as a predictive biomarker for DVT in women. We found an increased VTE risk for men in the lowest quartile of LBP.

A Research on Online Education Behavior and Strategy in University.

After the reform and opening up in China, through a series of rapid developments in world, online education has grown both socially and economically. This area has become representative of the fast-growing economy. However, Guangfu culture as a crucial component of Cantonese traditional culture is gradually becoming less influential today. It is the college's responsibility and duty to protect, carry forward, and inherit this traditional culture. Especially during this cyber era, where networks have become a powerful source for communication and study, there are diversified methods of adaptive learning and various learning behaviors. This article aims to analyze the plausibility of adapting an online platform into the teaching arena and the needs of students under this teaching mode. A simulation of applying advanced technology and artificial intelligence into Guangfu culture innovation was also conducted. The contribution shows the users in this platform have a longer study time, compared with non-platform users, and are more interested in traditional culture knowledge than non-users; 21.5% higher in the performance's test.

Comparison of Different Artificial Neural Network Methods in Determining Reservoir Capacity

Making estimation of river flow with hydrological and methodological data of the past period and using in water resources project studies have been used for a long time in many studies in our country and in the world. In addition to this, along with frequent drought problems in recent years, it is also important to store and use the water in the reservoirs correctly. This study aims to research how two separate Artificial-Neural-Network-Functions, which are generated based on the study of neural networks in the human brain, can be used in areas with a certain reservoir capacity such as dams or ponds and to provide an example of the most appropriate ANN model for predicting the level changes that will occur depending on the next years. In this context, two separate functions have been evaluated. These are the Levenberg-Marquardt-(LM) training function and Gradient-Descent-with-Momentum(GDM) training functions. Here, instead of the best results obtained from the models, the best three model outputs were evaluated and the models were considered from a wide frame. Gökçe dam basin in Marmara region was selected as the Model Study Area. For the period of December 31, 2019 - January 1, 2000, the monthly average data prepared with daily data from DSI and different architectural ANN training models were used to forecast the monthly basin capacities for 2019. It can be stated that LM Training models created in terms of Basin reservoir level estimates give results closer to the measured value.

Uso de las reglas de Ottawa para medio pie y tobillo en un hospital de referencia en Perú

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the validity and safety of Ottawa's ankle rules (OAR) in the urgency department of referral hospital in Peru. Materials and methodsAn observational-transversal study was conducted for a duration of 5 months (April-June 2016). Target population were all patients older than 18 years with a foot and ankle injury who came to the urgency department. A convenience non-randomized sampling was used. The OAR test was applied and X-rays of the foot and/or ankle were performed in all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio positive and negative were calculated from statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 428 patients were evaluated. The OAR test's sensitivity was 97.2%, specificity was 30.3%, positive predictive value was 22.0%, negative predictive value was 98.2%, likelihood ratio positive and negative were 1.39 and 0.09, respectively. With the application of the OAR test, a reduction of 31.2% of the total X-rays was evidenced, which could generate a saving of US $1165. ConclusionsIn conclusion, OAR's validity and safety in our environment are comparable to international data, with a reduction in the unnecessary use of radiographs. Multicentric studies involving a larger sample and longer study time are necessary to protocolize OAR in emergency units.

Experience of cosmogeological research on the basis of GIS-technologies (in case of South Nuratau)

The purpose of the study is the creation of a new generation of cosmogeological maps-remote fundamentals of the study area based on the integrated use of satellite imagery using GIS technologies. Earth remote sensing (ERS) materials in the form of aerial photographs have been widely used for a long time in regional geological surveys, structural and geological studies, mineral exploration, hydrogeology and engineering geology, and many other areas of fundamental and applied geology. On their basis, thematic methods of geological interpretation of remote sensing materials were developed. As a result of the scientific and technological revolution, space research already significantly affect the acceleration of the pace of development of geological science and technology and bring a great economic effect. At present, the materials of digital satellite images obtained from Landsat 7.8 TM, Aster, etc. satellites and the method of their interpretation have led to the creation of a new type of cosmogeological maps - remote bases. The purpose of the research is the creation of a new generation of cosmogeological maps-remote fundamentals of the study area based on the integrated use of satellite imagery using GIS technologies. The article provides information about the remote basics of the cosmogeological map based on GIS technologies.

Assessment processes for slow learners in mathematics learning

This study aims to find out how teacher’s to service the students, the role of the teacher in facilitating slow learners in mathematics learning, and other constraints that the slow learners faced. This research was a case study in a junior high school in Bandung. Participants in this study were five students in 8th grade. This research was carried out through observation the learning activities, interviewing the slow learner students, and interviewing mathematics teachers. The one of the result in this study was showed that children who are classified as slow learners were not well facilitated to achieving mathematics learning goals. Slow learners need a longer study time than their peers, so they need special education services. One of alternative solution that can be done by teachers is that teachers should pay special attention such as teacher gives opportunity to slow learners get more time to study the subjects material and do the clinical teaching. The importance of teachers conducting clinical teaching are giving the direction to the slow learner students in the learning process, and helping the students to overcome the difficulties faced by slow learner students.

Estimation of moult duration in birds with suspended moults: the case of the Red Crossbill and its relation to reproduction

Suspended moult is a relatively common phenomenon in birds, but it has remained relatively ignored for a long time in studies dealing with moulting process. Furthermore, the new and increasing number of models used to estimate moult duration systematically omit the fact that suspended moults can occur and that they significantly alter parameter estimates. Taking suspended moults into account is critical to obtain reliable moult-associated parameter estimates, which is fundamental given the demographic and evolutionary consequences of moult in birds. The main goal of this work is to develop a standardised method useful for characterising the main moulting parameters (such as the duration and starting date) of bird species that perform suspended moults. Additionally, with the aim of delving into our understanding of when and why suspended moults happen, we study their relationship with the occurrence of second breeding attempts in summer. We used data obtained from a Red Crossbill population in the Pyrenees during a period of 17 years. We observed that the percentage of crossbills undergoing suspended moult was approximately 50% during summer (July–August) and that moult suspension ultimately gives rise to a lengthened moulting period. Underhill–Zucchini models assume a time-linear replacement of feathers, overestimating the moult duration. Based on these same modelling approaches, we proposed a method to calculate the real moult duration after removing the time during which the moult was suspended. We also obtained evidence supporting the idea that crossbills suspend their moult as a strategy that could increase their breeding output in summer. The method proposed here can be used as a tool for working with species that undergo suspended moults.

Atividade enzimática do solo de pastos de Brachiaria manejados sob ofertas de forragem

The soil enzymatic activity reflects the microorganism’s activity that decompose the organic matter and release nutrients to the plants. The objective was to evaluate the soil enzymatic activity in the Brachiaria pastures managed under the forage allowances of 4, 7, 10 and 13 kg MS/100 kg BW. The grazing method adopted was mob-stocking, with four grazing cycles (between December 2008 and February 2009). We also performed a sampling in June 2009 for better characterization, as the mineralization of soil organic matter occurs in the long term. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications and time subdivided plots. Forage allowances did not maintain a pattern of the activity of the enzyme’s dehydrogenase, protease, arylsulfatase and cellulase. Among the cv., there was a greater (P<0.05) activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase in the cv. Marandu. Activity of dehydrogenase observed was 169,90; 189,19; 185,65; 247,74; and 126,00 μg TFF/g soil, and arylsulfatase was 29,69; 31,19; 38,14; 34,22; and 38,33 μg paranitrofenol/g soil, respectively to 1, 21, 42, 63, and 183 evaluation days. The protease activity was higher (P<0.05) for cv. Marandu, with the exception of evaluation day 42, where the highest activity was for cv. Mulato (82,38 μg tirosina/g soil). For cv. Marandu, the protease activity obtained was 80,49; 108,23; 86,01; and 134,71 μg tirosina/g soil solo, respectively to 1, 21, 63, and 183 evaluation days. Marandu cultivar is the most indicate to promove better conditions for the microorganisms responsible to the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, and protease. It can be inferred that a longer study time is required in order to increase the specificity of the forage allowances in relation to the behavior of the enzyme activity.

МУЛЬТИКУЛЬТУРНІСТЬ КОНРАДА-ЕМІГРАНТА

The article is devoted to the problem of the multiculturalism by Joseph Conrad, the English writer and the world classic of the 20th century, who, due to the preservation of his Polish national-cultural identity, and by estrangement from this identity in his artistic consciousness, was able to influence the intellectual and artistic atmosphere in England of his times. In this way, the Polish identity became a background for Conrad’s artistic creativity, and at the same time, universal values and criteria were the key to the successful acculturation in English society in its one of the most effective strategies – the integration strategy. In this case Conrad acquired another national-cultural identity, English, – while retaining his native, Polish. Undoubtedly, one of the most important issues touched by almost all researchers is his arrival in English literature, a Pole in origin, who only arrived in England in the twenty-first year, actually emigrating, and for a very short time becaming a venerable writer. It should be noted that, taking into account the peculiarities of English mentality, the task was rather uneasy. All this undoubtedly led to the development of a variety of approaches to understanding the creative personality and rich heritage of Joseph Conrad. Foreign literary and critical academic circles, which introduced the concept of «new English literature» (meaning the post-colonial period), do not take into account such figures of the English literary process as Joseph Conrad, whose work falls out of its chronological framework, and indicates that multicultural literature appeared on the approaches to the twentieth century. However, only nowadays it was possible that such an approach was based on the principles of multiculturalism, that is, the phenomenon justified in the 90s of the XX century, although, as the majority of scholars testify, it existed for a long time in cultural studies, literary criticism, art history and philosophy. We have chosen this approach. The research is devoted to the study of the problems of national-cultural identity by Joseph Conrad, as well as the mechanism of his acculturation in the conditions of emigration.

Associations of sleep duration on school nights with self-rated health, overweight, and depression symptoms in adolescents: problems and possible solutions

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between sleep duration and health-related measures, and factors associated with short sleep, in adolescents in an East Asian society with strong emphasis on academic achievement. MethodsAdolescents aged 13–19 years (n = 2346) from eight schools in Singapore (five local, three international) took part in a cross-sectional survey of sleep habits, school life, and health. Self-rated health, overweight (International Obesity Task Force Criteria), and depression symptoms were compared in adolescents with short (<7 h), moderately short (7 to <8 h), or an appropriate amount of sleep (8–10 h) on school nights. ResultsShort sleep on school nights was associated with poorer self-rated health, increased odds of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 2.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.39–4.70), and increased odds of feeling depression symptoms (sadness, irritability, worthlessness, low motivation, difficulty concentrating, anhedonia, anxiety, and thoughts of self-harm/suicide) compared with an appropriate sleep duration (ORadj = 2.10–4.33, p < 0.05 for each symptom). Barriers to healthy sleep included later preferred sleep timing (a relative indicator of later chronotype), lower parental supervision of bedtime, longer study time, early school start time, and longer travel time. Students at local schools were less likely to have a parent-set bedtime, and spent more time on homework/studying. Later bedtime in local schools attenuated the benefit of later school start time on nocturnal sleep duration. ConclusionsShort sleep may contribute to poorer adolescent health and well-being. Strategies for improving sleep in hard-driving East Asian societies should take into account sociocultural factors that may impede removal of barriers to healthy sleep.

Review – Cities and Agriculture

As people increasingly migrate to urban settings and with more than half of the world’s population now living in cities, it is vital to plan and provide for sustainable and resilient food systems which reflect this challenge. The book ‘Cities and Agriculture’ presents experience and evidence on key dimensions of urban food challenges and types of intra-and peri-urban agriculture, in 15 extremely well-researched and written chapters. The book has shed light on an urban challenge that has been ignored for a long time in urban studies as well as in urban policies and planning, i.e. food-provisioning. Neglecting the dynamics and sustainability of food provisioning in scientific research on sustainable urban development is a serious omission, because feeding cities arguably has a greater social and physical impact on us and our planet than anything else we do.

Memory Self-Efficacy and Memory Performance in Older Adults

Abstract. The present research examined the role persistence plays in mediating the positive impact of memory self-efficacy (MSE, i.e., one’s confidence in one’s own memory abilities) on older adults’ memory performance. In three studies, 81 to 264 older adults completed an MSE scale and carried out an explicit episodic memory task, during which we recorded their study time as an indicator of task persistence. We found that higher MSE was indirectly related to better memory performance through greater persistence during encoding, as measured by longer study time. Indirect effects were of medium size, with point estimates ranging from 0.64 to 0.85. This mediation effect was independent of factors that could be confounded with study time: chronological age, memory span, prior level of memory performance, episodic memory ability, and use of learning strategies (encoding strategies and self-testing). When confronted with difficult memory tasks, older adults who lack confidence in their memory abilities cease their efforts prematurely, which contributes to a decrease in their performance. Encouraging older adults to persist in the face of difficulties during encoding and retrieval may help alleviate the negative impact of low MSE on memory performance and allow researchers and clinicians to more accurately estimate older adults’ true memory abilities.

Common data elements and data management: Remedy to cure underpowered preclinical studies

Lack of translation of data obtained in preclinical trials to clinic has kindled researchers to develop new methodologies to increase the power and reproducibility of preclinical studies. One approach relates to harmonization of data collection and analysis, and has been used for a long time in clinical studies testing anti-seizure drugs. EPITARGET is a European Union FP7-funded research consortium composed of 18 partners from 9 countries. Its main research objective is to identify biomarkers and develop treatments for epileptogenesis. As the first step of harmonization of procedures between laboratories, EPITARGET established working groups for designing project-tailored common data elements (CDEs) and case report forms (CRFs) to be used in data collection and analysis. Eight major modules of CRFs were developed, presenting >1000 data points for each animal. EPITARGET presents the first single-project effort for harmonization of preclinical data collection and analysis in epilepsy research. EPITARGET is also anticipating the future challenges and requirements in a larger-scale preclinical harmonization of epilepsy studies, including training, data management expertise, cost, location, data safety and continuity of data repositories during and after funding period, and incentives motivating for the use of CDEs.

The Acute Effect of Erythropoietin on Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Levels during Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury in Rats

Objective: This experimental study examined the effect oferythropoietinon rat model and particularly in an hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) protocol. The effect of that molecule was studied biochemically using blood mean red blood cells distribution width(RDW) levels. Materials and Methods: 40 rats of mean weight 247.7 g were used in the study. RDW levels were measured at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min(groups B and D) of reoxygenation. Erythropoietin wasadministered only in groups C and D. Results: Epo administrationnon-significantly decreased the RDW levels by 1.64% +2.53% (p=0.5159). Reperfusion time non-significantly decreased the RDW levels by 1.19% +2.52% (p=0.5405). However, erythropoietin administration and reperfusion timetogether produced a non significant combined effect in decreasing theRWD levels by 1.06% +1.43% (p= 0.4733). Conclusion:Erythropoietin administration, reoxygenation time and their interaction have non-significant decreasing effect on RDW levels. A longer study time or a higher Epo dose is required for future investigation of this variable.

&lt;b&gt;Effectiveness of quadrat sampling on terrestrial cave fauna survey - a case study in a Neotropical cave

Quadrat sampling is a method used for a long time in plant ecology studies but only recently it has been used with focus on fauna. For the cave fauna samplings, there are rare works applying this methodology. The present study compared the methods of quadrat sampling with direct search qualitative for terrestrial cave fauna. For this, we conducted five sampling collections in a limestone cave in central Brazil. Quadrat sampling contributed with 121 exclusive species and 716 specimens and direct search qualitative method contributed with 91 exclusive species and 355 specimens. Mann-Whitney test evidenced significant differences between the two methods. We demonstrated that quadrat sampling method was slightly more efficient to analyze the species richness and much more effective to assess the abundance than the use of only direct search qualitative method, mainly considering tiny and/or cryptobiotic invertebrates (e.g., earth worms, symphylans, psocopterans, trichopterans, dipterans, small spiders, and small isopods). We recommend the association of different methods to test patterns in cave fauna, since incomplete sampling may lead to erroneous estimates and equivocated decisions about management, impact studies and cave conservation.

Kinetics features changes before and after intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis

To examine the kinetic features in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) after intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) injections in different time periods. A single group repeated measures study. Gait laboratory in a tertiary hospital. Twenty-five subjects with bilateral symptomatic knee OA and 15 healthy control subjects. Gait analyses were performed in both control and OA groups before (baseline), and after the completion of IAHA injections (1 week, 3 months, and 6 months). Knee pain and functional indices were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Lequesne function Index (LI). Joint kinetic changes were analyzed in the frontal and sagittal planes with 6-camera motion analysis system and two AMTI force plates. VAS and LI scores were both improved in OA group after IAHA injections (p<0.001). In the frontal plane, increased knee adduction moment (p<0.001) after IAHA treatment was observed and would last up to a period of 6 months. In the sagittal plane, lower knee extension moments at early stance, and larger knee flexion moments at terminal stance were demonstrated after the completion of IAHA injections (p<0.05). This study revealed that IAHA injections can provide significant pain relief and improvement in activity of daily living function for patients with knee OA. However, the reduction in pain and the increase in knee adduction moment may last up to 6 months. This may cause excessive loading on the knee joints, which may further accelerate the rate of knee degeneration. As a result, longer study time is needed to determine whether the observed kinetic findings in this study are associated with detrimental outcomes on the knee joints.

The effect of erythropoietin on serum uric acid levels during renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of erythropoietin on a rat model, particularly under a renal ischemia reperfusion protocol. The beneficial or lack of effects of that molecule on the excreted renal product of serum uric acid were studied biochemically. Forty rats were used with a mean weight of 247.7 gr. Serum uric acid levels were measured measured at 60 min after reperfusion (Groups A and C) and at 120 min after reperfusion (groups B and D). 1) Erythropoietin administration non-significantly decreased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.02 mg/dL [-0.2415423 mg/dL-0.2015423 mg/dL] (p=0.8560), in accordance with the paired t-test (p=0.8438). Reperfusion time non-significantly increased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.17 mg/dL [-0.0444933 mg/dL-0.3844933 mg/dL] (p=0.1169), in accordance with the paired t-test (p=0.1648). 3) The interaction of erythropoietin administration and reperfusion time non-significantly increased the serum uric acid levels non-significantly by 0.1 mg/dL [-0.0295564 mg/dL-0.2295564 mg/dL] (p=0.1264). Erythropoietin administration, reperfusion time and their interaction have no significant short-term alterations on serum uric acid levels. Conclusions cannot be extracted by non-significant p-values within 2 hours. Obviously, longer study times may permit safer results.