Long-term Psychological Health Research Articles

P-499 Long term psychological health of gestational surrogates in a low-income setting: five years after birth

Abstract Study question How does psychological health and experiences of surrogates in a cross-border commercial surrogacy setting change from pregnancy, 4-6 months, and five years post-birth? Summary answer Longitudinally surrogates’ psychological health did not significantly change. Majority had still not met the parents, continued hiding surrogacy, and reported mixed feelings for the child. What is known already Commercial surrogacy was banned in India in 2017 due to concerns related to exploitation and psychological harm. Power differentials between surrogates and intending parents and commercialization raised concerns regarding the psychological health of surrogates in low-income settings. Post the ban, surrogacy hotspots moved to countries like Mexico and Georgia embroiled in similar practices. There is however no academic literature on long-term psychological health of surrogates from low-income settings. Previous research showed that surrogacy pregnancy and prenatal attachment did not significantly contribute psychological harm post-birth. Instead, socio-cultural practices related to support during pregnancy and stigma increased depression scores post-birth. Study design, size, duration The fieldwork was administered in Mumbai, India, where international cross-border, gestational, and commercial surrogacy was being practiced. Data was collected over three phases: 1) during pregnancy 2) 4-6 months post-birth and 3) 5-6 years after surrogacy. Being a mixed-method design, findings include quantitative data on psychological health of surrogates from all three phases and qualitative data from phase 3 of the research. The study spans from 2014 to 2021. Participants/materials, setting, methods In-depth semi-structured interviews and standardized questionnaires (anxiety, depression, stress scale) were administered to 50 surrogates during pregnancy, 45 surrogates 4-6 months post-birth, and 19 surrogates 5-6 years post-birth. In phase III, mothers also responded to the perceived social support scale. Interviews included questions related to narratives and feelings about the baby, intending parents, surrogate hostel, fertility clinic, potential financial gain, perceptions of stigma, and the new law banning surrogacy. Fieldwork was administered at the clinic. Main results and the role of chance Three one-way repeated measures ANOVA were administered which showed that anxiety, depression, and stress of surrogates did not significantly differ over the three time-points, suggesting that practicing surrogacy did not significantly contribute to psychological harm. It is important to note that financial gain did not significantly improve their psychological over time. Non-parametric tests also did not show significant differences. Mean scores show a downward trend for anxiety and depression, but an upward trend for stress. The perceived social support scale showed that participants received support from family and significant other and least support from friends. However, support from family positively correlated with the stress scores of surrogates. Perhaps an overwhelming involvement of family adds to stress. Most surrogates were not in touch with friends from the surrogate hostel. Majority reported still thinking about the baby frequently, had mixed feelings, and were still hiding surrogacy. Most of them had not met the parents and child, did not know if intending parents should disclose to the child about surrogacy. Majority did not appreciate the new law and wouldn’t consider becoming surrogates without a payment. Prenatal bonding from phase 1 did not have any relationship with psychological health observed in phase 3. Limitations, reasons for caution The study’s sample size raises generalizability concerns. Diminishing sample sizes and potential social bias may affect robustness. Limited psychological measures and homogeneity assumptions suggest a need for caution in interpreting results. Wider implications of the findings This is the first longitudinal study on surrogate mothers from low-income settings practicing commercial surrogacy. Findings advocate policy reassessment, enduring support structures for surrogates, educational initiatives for transparency, international collaboration on best practices, and future research exploring cultural nuances and the perspectives of intending parents in cross-border commercial surrogacy. Trial registration number N/A

Optimalisasi Kuliah Perdana Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Perundungan Di Pendidikan Tinggi

Bullying in the Higher Education environment, also known as campus, has become an increasingly pressing issue in recent years. This phenomenon not only includes verbal and physical bullying but also reaches the digital dimension through cyberbullying. Students who are victims of bullying face a range of serious harms, including negative impacts on their emotional and mental well-being. These impacts can include increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression, which in turn can impair their academic performance and threaten long-term psychological health. In addition, bullying can also lead to significant social isolation and even jeopardise the physical safety of the victim in certain cases. The importance of creating a safe, supportive, and inclusive campus environment is crucial in effectively and preventively addressing this bullying issue. This socialisation was held in the inaugural lecture at Stifera Semarang online. Overall, the inaugural lecture on anti-bullying prevention is an important first step in shaping mindsets and practices that support a campus culture free from bullying. The inaugural lecture can be a platform to build a safe campus culture, where every member of the community is prepared to recognise, report, and prevent bullying.

Exploring the impact of sleep on emotional and physical well-being in professional cricketers: a cohort study over an in-season training period.

Professional athletes navigate a multitude of unique challenges associated to sport-specific factors (e.g., training, travel and competition) and non-sport factors (e.g., performance pressure, stress and anxiety) that can interfere with healthy sleep behaviors. Sleep plays a key role in proper biopsychosocial development as well as short- and long-term biological, physical, psychological, and cognitive health. As poor sleep quality is known to impair proper brain function, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep quality on a professional athlete's ability to train, recover, and perform, as well as their overall emotional and physical well-being. A cohort study was performed in 40 professional male cricket athletes from the Dutch national cricket team (mean age 26.5 ± 5.1 years). The athletes were monitored across a 22 weeks in-season training period. Sleep quality and overall emotional and physical well-being were assessed using daily sleep diaries and questionnaires which scored the readiness to train, stress levels, fatigue, muscle soreness and flu symptoms respectively. Quality of sleep and subsequent association with the consecutive elements of the well-being questionnaire were assessed through statistical using the student t-test and clinical differences with the methodology of Osoba and colleagues: <5% "no change", 5%-10% "little change"; 10%-20% "moderate change"; and >20% "very much change". The results demonstrated that the professional athletes assessed their sleep quality as average with a mean score of 3.4 out of 5. Lower perceived quality of sleep (<75th percentile) was correlated with a decreased readiness to train (mean score 3.2 [IQR: 3.0-4.0] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 3.0-5.0]; P < 0.001) and increased extent of muscle soreness (2.7 [IQR: 2.0-3.0] vs. 2.3 [IQR: 2-3]; P < 0.001), stress level (mean score 2.3 [IQR: 2.0-3.0] vs. 1.9 [IQR: 1.0-2.0]; P < 0.001) and perceived fatigue (mean score 2.9 [IQR: 2.0-3.0] vs. 2.3 [IQR: 2.0-3.0]; P < 0.001). Likewise, in patients with lower perceived quality of sleep, the proportion of players presenting with flu symptoms increased over 4-fold (4.1% vs. 17%; P < 0.001). This study highlights that good sleep quality positively influences the overall emotional and physical well-being of professional athletes. Our results emphasize the importance of targeted sleep interventions to improve sleep quality and subsequently optimize psychological and physiological wellness.

The association between violence against women and chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Violence against women is a phenomenon that involves at least 35% of women worldwide. Violence can be sexual, physical, and/or psychological, perpetrated by the partner, another family member, or a stranger. Violence is a public health problem because its consequences include higher morbidity, higher mortality, and short and long-term physical and psychological health diseases. Most studies prove an association between any type of violence and some chronic pain diagnoses but no one has done a complete collection of this evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether this association is statistically significant, including the largest number of studies. Through the inclusion of 37 articles, the association has been demonstrated. Compared with no history of violence, women who did experience violence showed 2 times greater odds of developing chronic pain. The impact of violence was significant also on fibromyalgia separately, but not on pelvic pain.PROSPERO registrationPROSPERO CRD42023425477.

The long-term association between exposure to wartime bombing earlier in life and post-traumatic stress later in life among today's older Vietnamese population

This analysis examines the relationship between exposure to American wartime bombardments earlier in life and later-life PTSD among current surviving Vietnamese aged 59+. It also assesses whether the relationship varies by military status during the war - formal military, informal military, or civilian - and whether associations are explained by exposure to violence and malevolent conditions. Data link survey responses from the 2018 Vietnam Health and Aging Study to provincial-wide level bombing intensity using U.S. Department of Defense records from the Theater History of Operations Vietnam database. PTSD measured using nine items from the PTSD Checklist. Analyses employ multivariate logistic quantile regression. Findings examined for a sample of 2290 Vietnamese survivors and a subsample of 736 Vietnamese that moved at least once during wartime. Results show a robust and significant positive association between province-wide bombing intensity and later-life PTSD scores. Interaction effects indicate civilians have overall lower levels of PTSD than those that were in the formal or informal military, but the association between bombing and PTSD is stronger among civilians. Much of the association is a function of exposure to violence and less is a function of exposure to malevolent conditions. Findings confirm earlier studies that have shown severe deleterious impacts of war trauma, and arial bombardments particularly, on long-term psychological health, while extending extant literature to civilian populations living in Vietnam during intense aerial bombing episodes.

Study protocol: Identifying transcriptional regulatory alterations of chronic effects of blast and disturbed sleep in United States Veterans.

Injury related to blast exposure dramatically rose during post-911 era military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is among the most common injuries following blast, an exposure that may not result in a definitive physiologic marker (e.g., loss of consciousness). Recent research suggests that exposure to low level blasts and, more specifically repetitive blast exposure (RBE), which may be subconcussive in nature, may also impact long term physiologic and psychological outcomes, though findings have been mixed. For military personnel, blast-related injuries often occur in chaotic settings (e.g., combat), which create challenges in the immediate assessment of related-injuries, as well as acute and post-acute sequelae. As such, alternate means of identifying blast-related injuries are needed. Results from previous work suggest that epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation, may provide a potential stable biomarker of cumulative blast exposure that can persist over time. However, more research regarding blast exposure and associations with short- and long-term sequelae is needed. Here we present the protocol for an observational study that will be completed in two phases: Phase 1 will address blast exposure among Active Duty Personnel and Phase 2 will focus on long term sequelae and biological signatures among Veterans who served in the recent conflicts and were exposed to repeated blast events as part of their military occupation. Phase 2 will be the focus of this paper. We hypothesize that Veterans will exhibit similar differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with changes in sleep and other psychological and physical metrics, as observed with Active Duty Personnel. Additional analyses will be conducted to compare DMRs between Phase 1 and 2 cohorts, as well as self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. This comparison between Service Members and Veterans will allow for exploration regarding the natural history of blast exposure in a quasi-longitudinal manner. Findings from this study are expected to provide additional evidence for repetitive blast-related physiologic changes associated with long-term neurobehavioral symptoms. It is expected that findings will provide foundational data for the development of effective interventions following RBE that could lead to improved long-term physical and psychological health.

O.3.2-6 A computer-tailored physical activity intervention for prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors: long-term efficacy and behavior change maintenance of OncoActive

Abstract Purpose To improve the long-term physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors, physical activity (PA) interventions aimed at maintaining PA are necessary. OncoActive is a print- and web-based intervention that was was able to increase PA of prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survirors shortly after the intervention ended. This study evaluated the long-term efficacy (12-month follow-up) comparing OncoActive and a control group. Furthermore, we explored whether the increased PA was maintained after an 8 month non-intervention follow-up period. Methods Prostate or colorectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to OncoActive (N = 249) or a usual care control group (N = 229). OncoActive participants received 3 times PA advice and a pedometer. PA outcomes (i.e., ActiGraph and self-report MVPA min/week and days with ≥ 30 min PA) and health-related outcomes (i.e., fatigue, depression, physical functioning) that were significantly changed by the intervention at 6-month follow-up, were included. Differences between groups and changes over time were assessed with multilevel linear regressions. Results At 12 months, OncoActive participants did not perform better than control group participants at ActiGraph MVPA min/week, self-report MVPA min/week or ActiGraph days with PA. Only self-report days with PA were significantly higher in OncoActive compared to the control group. Fatigue was the only health-related outcome that was significantly lower in OncoActive compared to the control group at 12-month follow-up. When exploratively looking within the OncoActive group, the previously found PA increase shortly after the intervention (6 months follow-up) was maintained at 12 months and PA improved significantly from baseline to 12 months. The control group showed small but non-significant improvements from 6 to 12 resulting in a decline of differences between groups. Conclusion At long-term follow-up (i.e., 12-months), most significant differences between OncoActive and the control group at short-term follow-up (i.e., 6 months) were no longer significant. Natural improvements in the control group may have contributed to this. Fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive compared to control group participants at 12 months. Computer-tailored PA advice may give participants an early start to recovery and potentially contributes to improving long-term health. Funding KWF Kankerbestrijding (Dutch cancer society) NOU2012-5585

Racial differences in long-term social, physical, and psychological health among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

BackgroundThe current guidelines for survivorship in adolescents and young adults (AYA) cancer are based on studies conducted in the United States and European AYA survivors. However, previous studies have shown that the health-related quality of life in cancer survivors can vary depending on race, yet the long-term health differences among AYA survivors by race/ethnicity have not been fully explored. Therefore, our aim is to compare the psychosocial and physical health of AYA survivors and their matched controls across different racial and ethnic groups.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Korea NHANES from 2007 to 2018. We included AYA cancer survivors who were diagnosed with any type of cancer aged between 15 and 39 years, and who were adult with aged over 18 years old at survey year. We then stratified the study population by race/ethnicity with Non-Hispanic White (NHW, n = 310), African American (AA, n = 42), Hispanic (n = 81) from NHANES, and Asian (n = 389) from the Korea NHANES. We also selected 5 times age-, sex-, race-, and survey year-matched general population among participants who had never been diagnosed with cancer (N = 4110). Variables were defined using questionnaire data, physical exams, and laboratory tests.ResultsCompared to NHW, Hispanics (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.32) had poor or fair general health, lower education (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.40), and lower household income (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33). AA survivors were more likely to be non-coupled (aOR 1.35, 95% 1.15–1.60) and have hypertension (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36). Asians were more former/current drinkers (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40). NHW are more likely to experience psychological limitation. Compared to matched general, NHW and Asian survivors had poor general health and psychological health.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for future studies concerning long-term health after AYA cancer survivorship that may vary according to race.

How Do Urban Walking Environments Impact Pedestrians’ Experience and Psychological Health? A Systematic Review

Daily walks are recommended for health gains, and walkable urban environments are recommended as one strategy to combat climate change. Evidence of the relationship between physical environments and psychological health is increasing. The aim of this study was to systematically review and compile evidence regarding micro-scale characteristics in urban outdoor environments that impacted pedestrian short-term experience and/or long-term psychological health. The databases ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar were used. To explore the area, a large heterogeneity in publications was allowed; therefore, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis. From 63 publications, data items were extracted from full text and categorized according to the main study characteristics. Environmental characteristics impacting pedestrians psychologically were identified and categorized into themes: grey, green, blue, and white areas, and weather, temporalities, topography, person factors, and safety. Environmental factors were analyzed from the perspective of the circumplex model of human affect (negative/positive dimensions and activation/deactivation). The findings included the fact that urban pedestrians need both positively activating and deactivating (restorative) areas during walkabouts. Perceived safety is essential for experiencing the positive aspects of urban environments. Some characteristics interact differently or have different importance for health in different groups. To further develop research on pedestrian environments, psychological experiences should be included.

Love, health, and the 'hood: An examination of romantic relationship adjustment and perceived neighborhood quality as predictors of partnered Black Americans' long-term psychological health.

Existing disparities regarding Black Americans' psychological health warrant further investigation of socioecological factors that may be associated with negative and positive dimensions of psychological health in this population. Romantic relationship functioning and neighborhood context are two domains relevant to Black Americans' mental health. However, less is known about how they may serve as independent and interactive prospective predictors of Black Americans' psychological health and potentially in distinctive ways for Black men and women. Using data from 333 partnered Black Americans who participated in the Midlife in the United States study, we investigated relationship adjustment and neighborhood quality as independent and interactive predictors of negative and positive affect 10 years later and examined gender differences in these linkages. Higher neighborhood quality predicted lower levels of negative affect and higher levels of positive affect for both men and women a decade later. Additionally, for Black men, the longitudinal association between relationship adjustment and negative affect differed by neighborhood quality such that better relationship adjustment predicted higher subsequent negative affect only for men in lower quality neighborhoods. Findings demonstrate the connections among romantic relationship functioning, ecological resources, and gender in this population and highlight the importance of incorporating socioecological and intersectional perspectives for predicting Black Americans' long-term psychological health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Family cohesion predicts long-term health and well-being after losing a parent to cancer as a teenager: A nationwide population-based study.

Parentally bereaved children are at increased risk of negative consequences, and the mediating factors most consistently identified are found to be related to family function after the loss, including cohesion. However, existing evidence is limited, especially with respect to children and youths' own perception of family cohesion and its long-term effects on health and well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate self-reported family cohesion the first year after the loss of a parent to cancer and its association to long-term psychological health and well-being among young adults that were bereaved during their teenage years. In this nationwide population-based study, 622 of 851 (73%) young adults (aged 18-26) responded to a study-specific questionnaire six to nine years after losing a parent to cancer at the age of 13 to 16. Associations were assessed with modified Poisson regression. Bereaved youth that reported poor family cohesion the first year after losing a parent to cancer had a higher risk of reporting symptoms of moderate to severe depression six to nine years after the loss compared to those reporting good family cohesion. They also had a higher risk of reporting low levels of well-being, symptoms of anxiety, problematic sleeping and emotional numbness once a week or more at the time of the survey. These results remained statistically significant after adjusting for a variety of possible confounding factors. Self-reported poor family cohesion the first year after the loss of a parent to cancer was strongly associated with long-term negative psychological health-related outcomes among bereaved youth. To pay attention to family cohesion and, if needed, to provide support to strengthen family cohesion in families facing bereavement might prevent long-term suffering for their teenage children.

‘Family court…sucks out your soul’: Australian general practitioners’ experiences supporting domestic violence survivors through family court

BackgroundDomestic violence is a significant public health issue with survivors experiencing short- and long-term physical, sexual and psychological health issues. Given this, survivors of domestic violence use healthcare services at an increased rate compared to the general population. Therefore, general practitioners (GPs) are well placed to support survivors of domestic violence. However, many practitioners do not feel ready to address this complex issue of domestic violence. Further, there is no research exploring GPs’ role in supporting families through family court in the context of domestic violence.MethodsThis study used qualitative methods. Fifteen GPs participated in individual in-depth interviews. The interviews were audio recorded with consent, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsThe majority of participants were female GPs working in metropolitan settings. Four themes were generated from the data: on different planets, witnessing legal systems abuse, weaponizing mental health in family court and swinging allegiances. Participants had negative perceptions of family court and felt that it operated on a different paradigm to that of general practice which caused difficulties when supporting patients. Participants supported survivors through instances where the court was used by perpetrators to further their abusive behaviour or where the court acted abusively against survivors. In particular, perpetrators and the family court used survivors’ mental health against them in court proceedings, which resulted in survivors being reluctant to receive treatment for their mental health. Participants struggled with their allegiances within their patient family and usually opted to support either the mother, the father, or the children.ConclusionsImplications of these findings for GP training are evident, including curriculum that discusses the intersection of mental health diagnoses and legal proceedings. There may also be a place for health justice partnerships within general practice.

Sleep and Performance in Professional Athletes.

Sleep is an essential human behavior that plays a key role in proper biopsychosocial development as well as short- and long-term biological, physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Sleep plays a key role in athletic performance, influencing an athlete's ability to train, recover, and perform, as well as their overall wellness. Over the recent decade, the awareness of sleep's import has penetrated just about every professional sport domain. The purpose of the review was to identify and synthesize the literature published within the past 5years (2018-2022) that relates to sleep and performance in professional athletes. Literature related to nonprofessional, high-level athletes (e.g., collegiate; Olympic) was omitted as well as those associated with non-traditional professional sports (e.g., eSports). Results from 38 articles were incorporated into this review, which covered (1) the sleep's role in the training, physical injury prevention and recovery, competitive performance, and mental health of professional athletes, (2) common sleep problems and disorders in professional athletes, and (3) the impact of unique challenges from training, travel, competition, and other factors on sleep health. Additionally, we provide an orientation to utilized strategies and interventions to assist with sleep health in professional athletes, as well as conclude with a commentary on critical steps forward. Sleep plays a critically important role in the training, recovery, performance, and overall wellness of professional athletes. Professional athletes are vulnerable to a variety of sleep-related problems and disorders, due to unique factors related to training, travel, and competition, among other factors. Improved, standardized research methodology and partnerships between professional athletes, coaches, teams, and organizations and researchers are necessary to advance the knowledge of sleep and performance in professional athletes, including identifying sport-specific differences and variation across individual characteristics, as well as developing individualizable, dynamic, and appropriate interventions for improving sleep health among professional athletes.

Supplemental Material for Love, Health, and the ‘Hood: An Examination of Romantic Relationship Adjustment and Perceived Neighborhood Quality as Predictors of Partnered Black Americans’ Long-Term Psychological Health

Supplemental Material for Love, Health, and the ‘Hood: An Examination of Romantic Relationship Adjustment and Perceived Neighborhood Quality as Predictors of Partnered Black Americans’ Long-Term Psychological Health

Exploring peer victimization and/or bullying in the lives of adolescents and children with deafness and hearing impairment: An integrative review

Background: Peer victimization and/or bullying among deaf and hard of hearing adolescents and children is a public health concern. To resolve this concern without causing harm, parents, educators, and administrative staff from schools must be provided with the necessary assistance.Aim: To understand the negative effect of peer victimization and/or bullying on deaf and hard of hearing adolescents and children.Method: Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) framework was adapted for this integrative review. The following databases were searched: Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Pub Med, and APA PsycInfo. A total of seven articles published between 2005 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria.Results: Peer victimization and/or bullying were found to result in physical health and physical harm, emotional harm, and psychological harm. These harms can severely affect physical health, especially among girls. Furthermore, these harms can negatively impact school outcomes and cause long-term psychological health problems, such as mental health problems, especially among girls.Conclusions: Educational sessions for teachers, parents, adolescents, and children, beginning with teachers, should be provided to prevent peer victimization and/or bullying within the educational system in Qatar in order to have a safe learning environment that is free of harm.

Experiences of women with preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria that arises after a gestational age of 20 weeks. Pre-eclampsia is one of the obstetric diseases with the most severe complication rates. Research on increasing knowledge, causes, prevention, treatment of pre-eclampsia, and strong evidence of the traumatic impact on short-term and long-term psychological health has been widely undertaken. However, there has been relatively little study on mothers' experiences with preeclampsia. This Scoping Review aims to find out the experiences of mothers with pre-eclampsia. The method used is Scoping Review using Willey Online Library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The search results that match the criteria are then analyzed to generate these articles. The appraisal study uses Joana Briggs Institute (JBI), and the synthesis method uses PEOS modification. Of the 152 articles relevant to titles and abstracts, seven articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review discovered four themes that affect mother experience with preeclampsia: maternal reaction, obstacles, impact, and coping. This study contributes to the understanding that the condition of women with preeclampsia during pregnancy and childbirth still requires medical professionals' attention, particularly regarding awareness of perceived symptoms and information regarding pregnancy with preeclampsia.

Family‐based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A long‐term psychological follow‐up

AimFamily‐based treatment (FBT) has the greatest evidence base for the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about the long‐term outcomes for patients who receive FBT. The current study aimed to investigate the long‐term psychological health of former patients who received FBT for AN during adolescence.MethodsFormer patients diagnosed and treated for AN at the Royal Children's Hospital and Monash Children's Hospital (N = 36) in Melbourne, Australia completed self‐report questionnaires to assess eating, exercising, mood and the impact of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. Patient scores were compared to healthy controls (N = 29) and normative data.ResultsThe eating and exercising behaviours of the patients who formerly had AN were comparable to controls. However, the former patients experience significantly greater levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than the controls (P < 0.05). The COVID‐19 pandemic appeared to impact the former patients and controls to a similar extent across quantifiable criteria.ConclusionsThis study extends previous research highlighting FBT as an effective intervention for adolescents with AN. Positive short‐ and long‐term patient outcomes can be achieved with this form of treatment.

Trajectoires de difficultés psychologiques chez les enfants : apport des données de la cohorte EDEN

Pregnancy circumstances and living conditions in early childhood – in particular in terms of parental health behaviors and mental health – are associated with children's developmental outcomes in the mid-term, which is illustrated by data of longitudinal cohort studies such as EDEN. In particular, data from the EDEN cohort study, which is set among children born in 2003–2006 and which are unique in France and rare internationally, show negative long-term effects of maternal smoking and unhealthy dietary patterns during pregnancy, and depression from pregnancy onwards, with regard to children's psychological development. However, access to a daycare center is positively related to children's emotional development, highlighting the importance of collective sources of social supports. Overall, these findings suggest an important role of pregnancy and early childhood living circumstances with regard to children's mid-term psychological development. The point of these data are not to stigmatize certain groups of the population but rather to shed light upon mechanisms underlying mental health risk and alert decision makers to the role of early life determinants with regard to long-term psychological health. Data collection procedures remain ongoing, and EDEN cohort data to come will enable testing the role of these characteristics early in life with regard to children's long-term mental health.

History of childhood mistreatment and the psychological health consequences of COVID-19 for older adults

Objectives We examine the associations between childhood mistreatment (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect) and older adults’ changes in depressive symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2018–June 2020). Methods Using a community-based sample of older adults in North Florida (N = 581), we used ordinary least-squares regression to estimate associations between childhood mistreatments and depressive symptoms in June 2020, controlling for baseline symptoms and demographic characteristics. Additional models tested whether emotion regulation and social support attenuated associations between childhood mistreatments and depressive symptoms. Results Older adults exposed to emotional neglect in childhood saw a greater increase in depressive symptoms than those who did not experience childhood mistreatment. Those reporting childhood physical abuse had higher baseline depressive symptoms, but they did not increase during the pandemic. These associations remained stable after controlling for emotion regulation and social support, coping resources thought to contribute to linkages between childhood mistreatment and psychological health in adulthood. Conclusion Childhood mistreatment might inform the psychological consequences of major stressors in later life. Thus, early life interventions for children experiencing mistreatment could be especially important for long-term psychological health outcomes and responses to major stressful events. Identifying older people with histories of childhood mistreatment could also help clinicians gauge patients’ risk of psychological decline during times such as the COVID-19 pandemic and tailor psychological health interventions.

The Effects of High BMI on Transmasculine Chest Wall Masculinization

Gender dysphoria is a condition that has a significant impact on a person’s long-term physical and psychological health. It is character-ized by clinically significant suffering or impairment as a result of gender incongruence, including a desire to change one’s primary and/or secondary sex characteristicsGender-affirming surgery is critical for alleviating these symptoms of gender dysphoria and has been shown to improve quality of life.Chest masculinization goals include cosmetic chest wall contouring, appropriate nipple reduction and location, and scar minimization on the chest wall. Obese patients are often rejected from this treatment due to worries that one of these four goals would be jeopardized. In contrast to having a high BMI, it was discovered that minimal incision operations, prior testosterone usage, and smoking history were all risk factors for problems that should be considered during preoperative planning. We also request that Plastic Surgery associations such as the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons provide surgical guidelines.