Long-term Immunogenicity Of Hepatitis Research Articles

Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine and impact of a booster dose on health care students

Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine and impact of a booster dose on health care students

Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine and impact of a booster dose on health care.

Background: Accidental exposure to sharp instruments is an important problem for health care students. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the rate of immunity in health care students 2 decades after national neonatal hepatitis B (HB) vaccination. Methods: All junior students attending medicine, nursing and midwifery schools were screened for anti-HBs. One dose of hepatitis B vaccine was offered to all participants who did not have antibodies to HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) of > 10 IU/L; then, they were tested for anti-HBs after a month. The participants were classified into 3 groups: postboosting nonimmune, postboosting immune, and preboosting immune. Chi square test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: In the first step, 65.20% of participants did not show immunity, but after receiving a booster dose, only 6.0% remained nonimmune. The mean age of nonimmune students was significantly higher than that of students who had postboosting immune and preboosting immune status (p=0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Also, the mean injection time from last shot was higher in postboosting immune group compared to preboosting immune group (p<0.001). Also, prebooster anti-HBs level was significantly different among participants with suboptimal response and those who developed anamnestic response, indicating preserved immune memory (p=0.001). Conclusion: High anamnestic response to HBV booster dose indicates sufficient immunity to HBV in the majority of health care students. However, identifying students who cannot respond to a booster dose of vaccine seems to be necessary at the beginning of health care courses.

Coverage and Long-Term Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthcare Workers

Background: Health-care workers (HCWs) are considered as high-risk groups of acquiring hepatitis B infection due to their occupational exposure. Hepatitis B vaccination is the best protective method. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the coverage and long-term immunity inHCWs and the impact of the occupational health department to improve the performance of a vaccination program. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in two academic hospitals of Tehran, Iran, in the occupational health department from October 2012 to September 2013. Results: Of 665 subjects, 620 (93%) received complete series of hepatitis B vaccine; anti-HBs level was adequate in 94.4% of vaccinated HCWs. The rate of non-responders after revaccination was below 1%. Nurses were significantly more likely to have protective anti-HBs levels than other groups (odds ratio = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.05 - 4.19).There was no significant association between demographic characteristics and immunity responses. The time between vaccination and the time of anti-HBs level ranged from 0 to 23 years. It was found that anti-HBs did not decline over the time. Conclusions: The hepatitis B vaccination coverage was more than many studies in other countries. It seems that the vaccination program of the current study had sufficient efficacy for medical surveillance of HCWs in the academic hospitals under study. The essential point for success at a vaccination program was good performance of occupational health department.

AB1131 Hepatitis B immunity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at disease onset

BackgroundHepatitis B is a vaccine preventable disease with intermediate endimicity in Greece [1]. National vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was introduced in 1998; however approximately 10% of the population...

Long-Term Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine in Alaska 17 Years After Initial Childhood Series

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination for all children at age 1 year and for high-risk adults. The vaccine is highly effective; however, protection duration is unknown. We report HAV antibody concentrations 17 years after childhood immunization, demonstrating that protective antibody levels remain and have stabilized over the past 7 years.

Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in children and adolescents in a southern Italian town

Universal anti-hepatitis B vaccination of infants and of 12-year-old children became mandatory in Italy in 1991. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the persistence of anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibodies several years after a primary course of vaccination. In 2010, anti-HBs titers were measured in all subjects aged between 5 and 25 years residing in a southern Italian town. Individuals with an anti-hepatitis B antibody concentration of 10 IU/ml or more were considered to be protected. Of the 671 subjects evaluated, 149 (30%) lacked protective antibodies. Fifty-three (29.4%) of the subjects had been vaccinated ≤10 years earlier and 96 (30.3%) more than 10 years earlier (P = not significant). Subjects vaccinated in infancy were more likely to lack protective anti-HBs antibodies than subjects vaccinated at 12 years of age, regardless of the years elapsed since immunization. Most subjects maintained protective antibodies for a considerable number of years after vaccination. Vaccination in adolescence results in more prolonged immunogenicity than vaccination in infancy.

Long-term Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in children

Background: Chronic hepatitis B is a major global healthcare problem. Immunization is the most effective way to prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, hence, the development of acute and chronic hepatitis B. Sero-protection after vaccination, defined as anti hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBS) ≥ 10mIU/mL, is achieved in over 95% of all vaccinated children. Objective: The aim of the work is to detect the long-term immunogenicity of the vaccine in children after five and ten years of vaccination, also to test for anamnestic reaction to determine whether or not a booster dose is needed. Methods: This study included 200 healthy children. Before being included in the study children were screened for the presence of HBV infection. The children were divided into two groups according to age (each group contains 100 children). Their data are included. Group `A` included 53 males and 47 females, around 6 years old, all children were vaccinated 5 years ago. Group `B` included 27 males and 73 females, around 11 years old. All children vaccinated 10years ago. HBsAb titre was tested in their blood, booster dose of the vaccine was given to children whose HBsAb was < 10 mIU/ml, then one and half months later, another blood sample from each of them was retested for HBsAb to evaluate the response to this booster dose of vaccine. Results: when testing the serum of the children in both groups (A&B) for HBsAb and its titre, both groups have a wide range concerning the level of HBsAb (2→1000) mlU/ml). Our data proves the decline of antibodies titre with time, and there was significant difference between the two groups in the level of HBsAb . There was no significant difference in anti-HBs between girls and boys in group A in contrary to group B. In group A, from the nineteen children who needed a booster vaccination dose, 14 were vaccinated. Serum sample was taken from 10 children after one and half month from vaccination, out of these 10, 9 (90%) responded by increased level of HBs antibodies and only one child did not respond, Six (66.6%) of the nine showed an adequate response. In group B, fifty two children in this group had antibody titre < 10, forty eight were vaccinated. After one and half month, 34 children were tested again for HBsAb. Two out of the thirty four children did not respond (5.8%) and 32 (94.2%) responded by an increase in the antibody titre. Of those responded, 19 had adequate response (HBsAb ≥ 100) and 13 had hypo-response (HBsAb lies between 10-100). Therefore, 80% of the boys who were retested for HBsAb after vaccination responded adequately while 51.7% of the corresponding girls responded adequately. There was no significant difference in antibodies titre responding to the testing dose with p value =0.814. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccine is an effective and successful way for preventing HBV infection. There is persistence of protective antibodies after primary vaccination in most of children with decline of the levels over time. Even so, no need for booster dose at least for 10 years after vaccination. Key words: HBV, HB Vaccination, child immunity

Efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in haemodialysis patients

Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in haemodialysis (HD) patients, but the antibody response is variable in this population and the persistence of immunity in them remains largely unknown. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in HD patients. In this study, we initially offered HBV vaccination as double dose, four vaccine series schedule (40 microg injections intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months) to 54 HD patients who were negative for hepatitis B core antibody and did not receive any dose of HBV vaccine previously. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) tested 1-2 months after completion of vaccination. Then we follow the patients up to 1 year after primary vaccination to evaluate the persistence of immunity (as indicated by serum levels of anti-HBs higher than or equal to 10 IU/l). After primary vaccination, 87% of patients developed anti-HBs levels above 10 IU/l. 27.8% and 59.2% of them were weak responders and high responders respectively. 13% of patients were non-responders. After 1-year follow-up, 18.18% of responders had lost their anti-HBs (transient responders). All of them were initially in weak responders group and had lower anti-HBs levels. We found an average percentage of seroconversion after primary HBV vaccination in HD patients. Our study also supported this fact that an antibody titre above 100 IU/l following primary vaccination is necessary to maintain that level of antibody 1 year later.

Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in a cohort of Italian healthy adolescents

In 1992, 620 adolescents were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Anti-HBs concentrations were measured in 480 (77.4%) adolescents 1 month after completion of the primary course of vaccination. To assess the persistence of anti-HBs, 347 and 228 of such vaccinees were retested for anti-HBs in 1999 and for anti-HBs and anti-HBc in 2003. More than 10 years after vaccination, individuals with anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml were considered protected while those with antibody <10 mIU/ml were given a booster dose and retested 2 weeks later. Check performed in 2003 showed that 208/228 (91.2%) vaccinees retained protective concentrations of anti-HBs. All vaccinees were anti-HBc negative. 11 of the 12 (91.7%) individuals who were given a booster dose of vaccine showed a vigorous anamnestic response while the remaining one showed a weak response (10.6 mIU/ml). These data suggests that hepatitis B vaccination can confer long-term immunity and that immunological memory can outlast the loss of antibody. Hence, the use of routine booster doses of vaccine does not appear necessary to maintain long-term protection in successfully vaccinated immunocompetent individuals.

Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination and policy for booster: an Italian multicentre study

Universal anti-hepatitis-B vaccination of infants and adolescents was implemented in Italy in 1991. We undertook a multicentre study in previously vaccinated individuals to assess the duration of immunity and need for booster, over 10 years after vaccination. In 1212 children and 446 Italian Air Force recruits vaccinated as infants and adolescents, respectively, we measured the concentrations of antibodies to hepatitis-B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and the presence of antibodies to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) at enrollment; postimmunisation values were not available. Individuals positive for anti-HBc were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B viral DNA. Individuals with anti-HBs concentrations at 10 IU/L or more were regarded as protected; those with antibody less than 10 IU/L were given a booster dose and retested 2 weeks later. Individuals showing postbooster anti-HBs concentrations of less than 10 IU/L were offered two additional vaccine doses and retested 1 month after the third dose. Protective anti-HBs concentrations were retained in 779 (64%, 95% CI 61.6-67) children and 398 (89%, 86.4-92.1) recruits. We recorded antibody amounts of less than 10 IU/L in 433 children (36%, 33-38.4) and 48 (11%, 7.9-13.6) recruits. One child and four recruits were positive for anti-HBc, but negative for HBsAg and hepatitis B viral DNA. Antibody concentrations were higher in recruits than in children (geometric mean titre 234.8 IU/L vs 32.1 IU/L, p=0.0001). 332 (97%) of 342 children and 46 (96%) of 48 recruits who received a booster showed an anamnestic response, whereas ten (3%) children and two (4%) recruits remained negative for anti-HBs or had antibody concentrations of less than 10 IU/L. Prebooster and postbooster antibody titres were strongly correlated with each other in both groups. All individuals given two additional vaccine doses (eight children and two recruits) showed anti-HBs amounts of more than 10 IU/L at 1 month after vaccination. Strong immunological memory persists more than 10 years after immunisation of infants and adolescents with a primary course of vaccination. Booster doses of vaccine do not seem necessary to ensure long-term protection.