Long-term Effects Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Nanopharmacology as a new approach to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.

Neuroinflammation, a complex process involving the activation of microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells in the brain, plays a role in neurodegeneration and psychiatric disorders. Current therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammation are limited, necessitating the development of improved approaches. Nanopharmacology offers unprecedented opportunities to access and treat neuroinflammatory disorders at the brain level. Nanoscaffolds can target specific cells or tissues and protect drugs from degradation or elimination, making them ideal candidates for treating neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Recent advancements in nanoparticle development have enabled the targeting of microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells in the brain, reducing neuroinflammation and protecting neurons from injury. Nanoparticles targeting specific neurons have also been developed. Clinical trials are in progress to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nano drugs for treating neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. The successful development of these nanodrugs holds immense promise for treating these devastating and increasingly prevalent conditions. On the other hand, several limitations and unanswered questions remain. First, the long-term effects of nanoparticles on the brain need to be thoroughly investigated to ensure their safety. Second, optimizing the targeting and delivery of nanoparticles to specific brain regions remains a challenge. Understanding the complex interplay between nanoparticles and the brain's immune system is crucial for developing effective nanotherapies. Despite these limitations, nanopharmacology presents a transformative approach to treating neuroinflammatory disorders. Future research should address the aforementioned limitations and further elucidate the mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. The successful development of safe and effective nanodrugs can revolutionize the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders, alleviating the suffering of millions.

NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION

Problem statement. Cosmetics, clothing, and even food packaging: nanomaterials have invaded our daily lives. The construction and construction sector is no exception, and is undoubtedly one of the largest users of this technology. It is difficult to know if a building product contains nanomaterials. Indeed, unlike certain products, such as cosmetics, food or biocides (insecticides, detergents), no regulations establish special labeling. However, they are very widespread and are used to improve the properties of most materials: cement, plaster, glass, tiles, insulation metals, paints, etc. The benefits of using nanoparticles in construction are huge, promising extraordinary physical and chemical properties for modified building materials. Among the many different types of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, silicon dioxide, copper, clay, and aluminum oxide are the most widely used nanoparticles in the construction sector [1]. The purpose of this article is to analyze the use of nanoparticles in the construction industry to illustrate the benefits of using nanoparticles and address the short − and long-term effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health in the microcosm of industry, so that the results can be generalized. Results. The use of nanotechnologies in construction and their properties are analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The problem of using nanothenologies in construction is analyzed.

Nanoparticles in Construction Materials and Other Applications, and Implications of Nanoparticle Use.

Nanoparticles are defined as ultrafine particles sized between 1 and 100 nanometres in diameter. In recent decades, there has been wide scientific research on the various uses of nanoparticles in construction, electronics, manufacturing, cosmetics, and medicine. The advantages of using nanoparticles in construction are immense, promising extraordinary physical and chemical properties for modified construction materials. Among the many different types of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, silica, copper, clay, and aluminium oxide are the most widely used nanoparticles in the construction sector. The promise of nanoparticles as observed in construction is reflected in other adoptive industries, driving the growth in demand and production quantity at an exorbitant rate. The objective of this study was to analyse the use of nanoparticles within the construction industry to exemplify the benefits of nanoparticle applications and to address the short-term and long-term effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health within the microcosm of industry so that the findings may be generalised. The benefits of nanoparticle utilisation are demonstrated through specific applications in common materials, particularly in normal concrete, asphalt concrete, bricks, timber, and steel. In addition, the paper addresses the potential benefits and safety barriers for using nanomaterials, with consideration given to key areas of knowledge associated with exposure to nanoparticles that may have implications for health and environmental safety. The field of nanotechnology is considered rather young compared to established industries, thus limiting the time for research and risk analysis. Nevertheless, it is pertinent that research and regulation precede the widespread adoption of potentially harmful particles to mitigate undue risk.

TiO2 nanoparticles tested in a novel screening whole human blood model of toxicity trigger adverse activation of the kallikrein system at low concentrations

There is a compelling need to understand and assess the toxicity of industrially produced nanoparticles (NPs). In order to appreciate the long-term effects of NPs, sensitive human-based screening tests that comprehensively map the NP properties are needed to detect possible toxic mechanisms. Animal models can only be used in a limited number of test applications and are subject to ethical concerns, and the interpretation of experiments in animals is also distorted by the species differences.Here, we present a novel easy-to-perform highly sensitive whole-blood model using fresh non-anticoagulated human blood, which most justly reflects complex biological cross talks in a human system. As a demonstrator of the tests versatility, we evaluated the toxicity of TiO2 NPs that are widely used in various applications and otherwise considered to have relatively low toxic properties. We show that TiO2 NPs at very low concentrations (50 ng/mL) induce strong activation of the contact system, which in this model elicits thromboinflammation. These data are in line with the finding of components of the contact system in the protein corona of the TiO2 NPs after exposure to blood.The contact system activation may lead to both thrombotic reactions and generation of bradykinin, thereby representing fuel for chronic inflammation in vivo and potentially long-term risk of autoimmunity, arteriosclerosis and cancer. These results support the notion that this novel whole-blood model represents an important contribution to testing of NP toxicity.

Impact of nanoparticles on human and environment: review of toxicity factors, exposures, control strategies, and future prospects.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the world through introduction of a unique class of materials and consumer products in many arenas. It has led to production of innovative materials and devices. Despite of their unique advantages and applications in domestic and industrial sectors, use of materials with dimensions in nanometers has raised the issue of safety for workers, consumers, and human environment. Because of their small size and other unique characteristics, nanoparticles have ability to harm human and wildlife by interacting through various mechanisms. We have reviewed the characteristics of nanoparticles which form the basis of their toxicity. This paper also reviews possible routes of exposure of nanoparticles to human body. Dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion have been discussed in detail. As very limited data is available for long-term human exposures, there is a pressing need to develop the methods which can determine short and long-term effects of nanoparticles on human and environment. We also discuss in brief the strategies which can help to control human exposures to toxic nanoparticles. We have outlined the current status of toxicological studies dealing with nanoparticles, accomplishments, weaknesses, and future challenges.

Nanoapplications – From geckos to human health

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on a molecular scale, is all around us in our everyday lives. Chocolate, non-dairy creamer, and sunscreen are examples of consumer products with a high content of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology holds great potential for environmental applications like wastewater treatment and nanobionic engineering of plants. Due to their unique and adaptable properties for targeted therapeutic payload delivery, nanoparticles are also emerging as promising tools for innovative pharmaceutical treatment. Nevertheless, licensing regulations specifically for nanomaterials are lacking, and the long-term effects of nanoparticles on both the environment and human health need to be further clarified.

Reinvigorating cosmetic dermatology with the nanoparticle revolution

Reinvigorating cosmetic dermatology with the nanoparticle revolution