Long-term Changes In Body Mass Index Research Articles

Effect of cumulative body mass index exposure and long-term related change on incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

To evaluate the association between cumulative body mass index (BMI) and long-term BMI change with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We included 19 477 adult participants (12 556 men and 6921 women) from the Kailuan study from January 2006 to December 2013. Cumulative BMI was assessed using a quadratic mixed-effects method by sex before the index year; then, the NAFLD outcome was followed till December 2019. The long-term BMI change was calculated as the percentage change in average cumulative BMI from the baseline BMI. During a median follow-up of 5.63 years, 6229 individuals developed incident NAFLD. Independent of baseline BMI, the NAFLD risk escalated with the cumulative BMI with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.60 (1.48-1.73) and 2.28 (2.06-2.53) for the intermediate tertile and the highest tertile (Ptrend <0.001). The association is amplified in women and the young. Compared to a stable weight (BMI change: -3% to 3%), NAFLD risk increased in the baseline BMI < 24 kg/m2 group with weight gain (BMI change: >3%) and decreased in BMI ≥24 kg/m2 group with weight loss (BMI change: <-3%) for men and women. However, we only observed a decreased NAFLD risk in men (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.97) with BMI < 24 kg/m2 and weight loss. Monitoring cumulative BMI may help to identify high-risk NAFLD populations. The association between weight gain or loss varies by sex and baseline BMI, suggesting the importance of individualized weight management for NAFLD prevention.

Effects of orthodontic treatment on body mass index, food habits and self-esteem of patients: A prospective single-arm cohort study

ObjectivesDuring orthodontic treatment, patients are often apprehensive about reduced food intake and loss of body weight. Body mass index (BMI) assessment is an inexpensive, easy method for screening and studying changes in weight categories. This research aimed to determine whether long-term changes in BMI, self-esteem, and food habits occur in patients during the first year of orthodontic treatment. MethodsBMI was calculated for 120 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Data were collected at baseline, and after the end of the first, second, third, sixth, and twelfth months. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale was used for scoring self-esteem. The Food Habit Assessment Scale was used to study changes in eating habits. Statistical analysis was performed with repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test for BMI scores and Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison post-hoc tests for the Rosenberg scale and food habits questionnaire. ResultsAt the end of 12 months, 43.4% of patients had a decrease in BMI, 45.8% had a mild to moderate increase in BMI, and 10.8% of patients maintained their BMI levels. The changes were not statistically significant. Self-esteem changes were statistically significant for both genders. Changes in food habits were also significant. ConclusionBMI decreased for the first 3 months and gradually recovered by the end of the first year of treatment. Self-esteem scores showed a significant improvement in both genders. Patients reverted to pre-treatment food habits by the end of the year.

Long-term BMI change trajectories in Chinese adults and its association with the hazard of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 20-year China Health and Nutrition Survey

IntroductionTo investigate the relationship between long-term change trajectory in body mass index (BMI) and the hazard of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.Research design and methodsData were obtained from the...

Fish and marine fatty acids intakes, the FADS genotypes and long-term weight gain: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveWe tested whether genetic variants near fatty acid desaturases gene (FADS) cluster, which were recently identified to be signatures of adaptation to fish-rich and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-rich diet,...

Established BMI-associated genetic variants and their prospective associations with BMI and other cardiometabolic traits: the GLACIER Study.

Recent cross-sectional genome-wide scans have reported associations of 97 independent loci with body mass index (BMI). In 3541 middle-aged adult participants from the GLACIER Study, we tested whether these loci are associated with 10-year changes in BMI and other cardiometabolic traits (fasting and 2-h glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures). A BMI-specific genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated effect alleles at each locus. Trait-specific cardiometabolic GRSs comprised only the loci that show nominal association (P⩽0.10) with the respective trait in the original cross-sectional study. In longitudinal genetic association analyses, the second visit trait measure (assessed ~10 years after baseline) was used as the dependent variable and the models were adjusted for the baseline measure of the outcome trait, age, age(2), fasting time (for glucose and lipid traits), sex, follow-up time and population substructure. The BMI-specific GRS was associated with increased BMI at follow-up (β=0.014 kg m(-2) per allele per 10-year follow-up, s.e.=0.006, P=0.019) as were three loci (PARK2 rs13191362, P=0.005; C6orf106 rs205262, P=0.043; and C9orf93 rs4740619, P=0.01). Although not withstanding Bonferroni correction, a handful of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was nominally associated with changes in blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels. Collectively, established BMI-associated loci convey modest but statistically significant time-dependent associations with long-term changes in BMI, suggesting a role for effect modification by factors that change with time in this population.

Regional distribution of body fat in relation to DNA methylation within the LPL, ADIPOQ and PPARγ promoters in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Obesity may be related to differential DNA methylation and thus to differential expression of key genes in adipose tissue metabolism, such as LPL, ADIPOQ and PPARγ. Using subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from 59 individuals of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Potsdam study, we performed quantitative DNA methylation analysis within the promoters of LPL (LPL-CG1 and -CG2), ADIPOQ (ADIPOQ-CG1 and-CG2) and PPARγ (PPARγ-CG1). We then studied DNA methylation in relation to SAT gene expression, body composition measured using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and long-term changes in BMI and WC. For LPL-CG1 and LPL-CG2, higher methylation levels were associated with lower LPL expression, but with higher past WC gain. LPL-CG1 was also positively associated with BMI, WC, and visceral and subcutaneous fat mass. ADIPOQ-CG1 or -CG2 methylation exhibited no association with ADIPOQ expression or with anthropometric parameters. PPARγ-CG1 methylation was significantly higher in individuals with higher visceral fat mass. Among the investigated sites, LPL-CG1 methylation showed the strongest association with gene expression and regional body fat distribution, thereby possibly linking the degree of obesity with major metabolic processes in SAT.

Changes of Body Mass Index in Relation to Mortality: Results of a Cohort of 42,099 Adults

BackgroundHigh Body-Mass-Index (BMI) is associated with increased all-cause mortality, but little is known about the effect of short- and long-term BMI change on mortality. The aim of the study was to determine how long-term weight change affects mortality.Methods and findingsWithin a population-based prospective cohort of 42,099 Austrian men and women (mean age 43 years) with at least three BMI measurements we investigated the relationship of BMI at baseline and two subsequent BMI change intervals of five years each with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional Hazard models. During median follow-up of 12 years 4,119 deaths were identified. The lowest mortalities were found in persons with normal weight or overweight at baseline and stable BMI over 10 years. Weight gain (≥0.10 kg/m2/year) during the first five years was associated with increased mortality in overweight and obese people. For weight gain during both time intervals mortality risk remained significantly increased only in overweight (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.01; 1.92)) and obese women (1.85 (95% confidence interval: 1.18; 2.89)). Weight loss (< −0.10 kg/m2/year) increased all-cause mortality in men and women consistently. BMI change over time assessed using accepted World Health Organisation BMI categories showed no increased mortality risk for people who remained in the normal or overweight category for all three measurements. In contrast, HRs for stable obese men and women were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.31; 1.87) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.25; 1.71) respectively.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of weight stability and obesity avoidance in prevention strategy.

Long‐term Change of Body Mass Index after Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

Objectives: Although head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with weight loss, little is known about the long-term body mass index (BMI) change in HNC survivors. Our goal was to determine the long-term BMI change after HNC treatment. Methods: Retrospective cohort study on patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who received initial treatment at the University of Pennsylvania Health System in 2009, and were then followed for 3 years. Patient demographics, height, tobacco and alcohol use, cancer type, AJCC stage, treatments, and weight at all visits were collected from medical records. Underweight was defined as BMI&lt;18.5, normal was BMI 18.5-24.9, overweight was BMI 25.0-29.9, and obesity was BMI &gt; 30. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with long-term BMI changes. Results: We identified 211 patients with complete data and follow-up visits. At the time of diagnosis, 7% patients were underweight (n = 15), 34% had normal-weight (n = 72), 36% were overweight (n = 75) and 23% were obese (n = 49). At the last follow-up visit, 7% were underweight (n = 14), 42% were normal-weight (n = 82), 33% were overweight (n = 65) and 18% were obese (n = 36). Thus, 17% patients (n = 21) who were overweight or obese at diagnosis improved to normal weight at the end of 3-year follow-up, and this change was not significantly affected by patients’ age, gender, race, tobacco and alcohol use, cancer site, AJCC stage, and treatment type. Conclusions: Our study suggests BMI improves in overweight or obese HNC survivors after 3-year follow-up, and this change is independent of cancer severity and treatment type.

Motor coordination and health-related physical fitness of children with developmental coordination disorder: A three-year follow-up study

Health-related physical fitness is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease. While previous studies have identified children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) to be less physically fit than typically developing (TD) peers, there is limited longitudinal research in this area. This study was undertaken to evaluate concomitant changes in motor coordination and health-related physical fitness of Taiwanese children with and without DCD over a three-year period. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) test was used to evaluate motor coordination, while health-related physical fitness included several core components: (1) body mass index (BMI), (2) sit and reach forward, (3) long jump, (4) sit-ups, and (5) 800-m run. Both the Movement ABC and fitness tests were implemented once each a year for three years. Twenty-five children with DCD and 25 TD children, matched by age and gender participated in this study. The TD group showed significant long-term changes in BMI and long jump while the DCD group showed significant increases in BMI values and decreases in flexibility, measured by the sit and reach task. In general, children with DCD performed worse on the items of flexibility, muscle strength and muscle endurance after the first year. Compared to age- and gender-matched norms, children with DCD not only were less physically fit, but showed a significant long-term decline in flexibility and abdominal or core strength (sit-ups). In years two and three, there was a significant negative correlation between poor fitness and motor coordination. Based on the results of this longitudinal study, greater attention should be paid to monitoring and improving physical fitness of children with DCD to prevent further health-related problems while intervention.