Long Series Of Investigations Research Articles

아세안 산업분석: 상장기업을 중심으로 (ASEAN Industry Analysis: A Preliminary Study)

Korean Abstract: 기업재무자료를 이용하여 아세안 전체 및 국가별로 산업별 규모, 수익성, 성장성 등 산업특성을 동태적으로 분석하면 우리 정부의 아세안 경제협력과 기업의 아세안 시장진출에 있어서 산업특성에 따른 전략적 판단의 유용한 근거로 사용할 수 있다. 이 보고서는 이러한 작업을 위한 시범적 성격의 연구로 이번 연도에서는 우선 아세안 6개국 상장기업의 2017년도 횡단면 자료를 이용하여 산업분석을 수행하고 이후 단계의 시계열 자료 구축과 분석을 위한 후속연구를 계획하였다 English Abstract: In order to improve the quality of decision-making by Korean policy makers and members of the business community with respect to Korea's economic engagement with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), better data and more systematic analysis are needed. One way to achieve this is to use a type of industry analysis where firm-level data are aggregated to an industry level over time and industry characteristics such as size, profitability and growth potential are identified and analyzed in a systematic way. The output can be used as a useful basis for strategic decisions as to how Korea should effectively engage the ASEAN economies. Common approaches to ASEAN industries tend to use macro data such as industrial production in the national accounts framework or trade and foreign direct investment statistics, while it has been rare to use micro data gathered at the firm level. Even when firm-level data are used, it is usually in the form of surveys with a narrow focus on business decisions and sentiments. Survey data on ASEAN industries tend to be limited in representation, data continuity, and detailed information on corporate finance. In this study, we adopt a dynamic industry analysis framework from Chang (2014), which aggregates firm-level data to an industry level to classify ASEAN industries according to their characteristics. Specifically, we analyze market capitalization, assets, sales, and profitability of listed firms in six major ASEAN countries. This is a pilot study and should be regarded as a first installment of a long series of investigations. We have to adopt a sequential approach due to the challenges of obtaining high-quality firm-level data in all ASEAN countries in a comparable format. Expanding beyond listed firms poses a considerable challenge and we add a discussion of how we plan to expand our future research in the conclusion of this report.

The Determination of the Basic Amino Acids of Proteins: the Work of Hubert Vickery

The Determination of the Basic Amino Acids of Proteins: the Work of Hubert Vickery

Dynamical Climatology of the Upper Mesosphere, Lower Thermosphere and Ionosphere

The main features of upper atmosphere dynamics as an important part of upper atmosphere climatology are presented. The dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) are of special interest. The results are based on the long series of investigations in East Siberia and data from a world-wide network of observatories. We present the regional climatic norms for the prevailing wind and semi-diurnal tide and the main features of the quasi-periodic structure of the wind field. The non-zonality of MLT dynamics is demonstrated as well as regional differences in the response of the wind field to stratospheric disturbances, solar activity variations and geomagnetic storms.

Misspecifying latent class models by mixture binomials

Four scenarios of homogeneity/heterogeneity with respect to the performance of the subjects and the task difficulties are considered: first, the unconstrained latent class model providing for heterogeneity with respect to both; second, the mixture binomial assuming constant task difficulty within each mixing component, but different levels of performance of the subjects; third, the model of independence which is equivalent to the one-class latent class model allowing for different task difficulties but no variability of the subjects; and fourth, the binomial with success probability constant across tasks and subjects. It is shown that both over- and underdispersion may arise in latent class models of which the other three are special cases. As a consequence, the latent class model and the mixture binomial may generate nearly indistinguishable score distributions where overdispersion is present. So the score distribution is not always indicative of the lack of fit of the mixture binomial when in fact the latent class model is true. It may, therefore, be misleading to accept mixture binomials as well-fitting models without having additionally assessed the fit of latent class models. This, however, is often the case in empirical research. A long series of investigations on Piaget's water-level tasks serves as a good example.

Probable role of Streptococcus pyogenes in Kawasaki disease.

Over the past 25 years, the clinical course of Kawasaki disease has been defined, the prevalence and nature of the cardiovascular effects widely understood, and pathological changes in the most severe cases well described. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of this puzzling disease have remained unclear, thus specific therapy is not yet available. Because of some close clinical similarities between this disease and streptococcal scarlet fever, particular attention has been paid to the possible role of Streptococcus pyogenes as an aetiological agent in this illness. Until now, however, group A beta-haemolytic streptococci have never been consistently isolated from any patients; in addition, the titre of anti-streptolysin 0 is not raised, and lack of response to antibiotics is a feature of this disease. Our long series of investigations over more than 10 years, which will be covered in the present review, were performed in an attempt at elucidating causative agent(s) of Kawasaki disease. This has led to our firm belief in the probable role of S. pyogenes in the pathogenesis of this disease, despite the lack of fulfillment of Koch's postulates, on the basis of the following findings. Patients with Kawasaki disease recovering from the acute, febrile phase of the illness exhibited an exaggerated cell-mediated reactivity, as measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test, to group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, their pyrogenic exotoxin and streptolysin 0 as well as to several mammalian muscle cell extracts which are allegedly related antigenically to the cell wall and/or cytoplasmic membrane of S. pyogenes. Protoplast-like "spherical bodies" varying in diameter from 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and devoid of cell walls, were detected in the buffy coats of peripheral blood from patients with this disease, and stained distinctly by immuno-electron microscopy using, as a primary antibody, a rabbit antiserum to S. pyogenes- derived protoplasts, and followed by absorption with protoplasts from Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Newborn mice infected with S. pyogenes having no capacity to confer cell-mediated immunity even in adult murine hosts, and reinfected 4-6 weeks later with another strain of the same species of bacteria which is able to elicit cellular immunity, showed a lack of humoral response to streptococcal antigens, leaving intact cell-mediated immunity. Such a biased immunological characteristic is an exact counterpart of that of Kawasaki disease patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Biographical and Historical Notes on the Pioneers of Photometry in Ireland

As the circumstances of the early electrical measurements of starlight in Ireland are not widely known we wish to take this opportunity to set down the facts, as far as they are known to us. Corrections or new information will be welcomed.The observations made in Dublin in 1892 were the result of a collaboration between four graduates of Trinity College: George M. Minchin, William H.S. Monck, Stephen M. Dixon and George F. Fitzgerald. The observations in 1895 were made at Daramona Observatory, Co. Westmeath with a 24-inch reflector by Minchin, Fitzgerald and the owner of the telescope, William E. Wilson. In 1875 Minchin was appointed Professor of Applied Mechanics at the Royal Indian Engineering College at Coopers Hill, near Staines in London. In 1877 he started a long series of investigations of photoelectricity using a small optical laboratory at Coopers Hill and the laboratories of University College London. His initial aim was to transmit images electrically but he became skilled in making photovoltaic cells of selenium.By September 1891 Minchin had succeeded in making some working cells and he wished “to test them on the stars”. He contacted his friend Monck who had recently set up an observatory in his back garden in Dublin. Monck in turn asked Fitzgerald for the loan of a galvanometer or electrometer and for advice in its use. As Fitzgerald did not have a suitable instrument, he ordered Clifton’s form of Thomson’s quadrant electrometer, which arrived near the end of the year. It seems that Minchin also sent some of his cells to Dr Boeddicker in the spring of 1892 for trials on the 72-inch telescope but no reports are available.

Effect of quark antisymmetrization on the binding energy of nuclear matter.

In this paper we investigate the effect of quark exchange upon the nuclear binding energy to leading order in the density of spin-isospin-symmetric nuclear matter. A simple Gaussian model for the quarks in a nucleon is assumed, together with a potential arising from onegluon exchange between quarks. This model, as well as variants of it, have been used by numerous authors in a long series of investigations into the nucleon-nucleon short-range interaction and deuteron properties. The problem of a large nucleus is clearly much more complicated; not only is there a vastly greater number of combinations by which quarks can be exchanged, but also one is faced by certain naive divergences in the limit of large A. To address this issue, a systematic scheme for quark counting, together with elimination of the divergences, was developed in Ref. 3. We shall make essential use of that formalism in this Brief Report. The model. We take the usual nonrelativistic quark model wave function as an input. A nucleon with center of mass at R is described by oscillator confining potential which mocks up long-range QCD effects, and V is the quark-quark potential arising from one-gluon exchange yOGE yhyp+ yCoul+ ycont IJ IJ /J IJ

The dawn of nicotinamide coenzyme research

the discovery of pyruvic acid carboxylase in yeast may have led to this interpretation. As a part of a long series of investigations on alcoholic fermentation, Kostytschew 4 in 1927 published a paper entitled 'The non-existence of cell-free fermentation', in which he took issue with the term coferment: 'Should one succeed in dropping the concept of coferments, a considerable cleansing of the field of research on ferments would be achieved'. That this was not an isolated view is exemplified by a similar comment of Kluyver 5 in 1928: 'In the meantime, we would prefer to delete the concept of a coenzyme altogether from the literature'. This attitude, however, was not shared by others. In the early twenties, a long series of investigations on the coenzyme (then termed cozymase) was started by yon Euler, who proved its existence beyond doubt and, among other properties, described its relationship to AMP. In 1929, Harden and von Euler shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 'their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and on fermentative enzymes'. ~[he key to the successful purification of NAD ÷, particularly by Myrbaeck 6, was a simple test system consisting of dried and partially autolysed yeast, from which the coenzyme could be selectively removed by repeated washing with water. In analogy to Harden's experiment, this yeast preparation, termed apozymase, was stimulated to ferment glucose by the addition of the coenzyme, either crude or after various steps of purification. Highly purified NAD ÷ was obtained in

Paleophotographic studies: Was photography born in the 18th century?

Abstract A study of the correspondence between the two Niepce brothers leads to a startling- conclusion: from 1816 onward, a photographic process, apparently perfect, was described; samples of results obtained were sent to Claude, then in Paris, and the details of the technique were supplied in the letters. We do not possess any earlier documents which could inform us about the long series of investigations that led up to this result. he labours which made the 1816 process possible are not known to us because the Niepce brothers, being together at the time, had no need to set down the details in correspondence.

TRANSPORTED MATERIAL IN THE SOIL PROFILE

SummaryIn the course of a long series of investigations of acid soils by means of pollen analysis, it has been found that about a third of the soils studied contained old levels, more or less disturbed, buried beneath a later deposit of sand or gravel. Two of them were in soils buried beneath Bronze Age tumuli. The depth of covering was always less than 18 in., averaging about half that depth, so that the junction came within the present soil profile. It lay in the A2, B, or C horizons according to circumstances and was often indistinguishable in the field.In about half the cases the pollen analysis suggested that the level which had been covered was a forest phase, and there is some indication that this may have occurred towards the end of the Atlantic or beginning of the Sub‐boreal period. One example is Late‐glacial in date and others post‐Atlantic or even recent.There was close correlation at one site between the activities of Mesolithic man and subsequent soil movement and i t cannot be ruled out that disturbance of the forest climax may he the ultimate cause of this phenomenon in other cases too.With only one exception, wherever the pollen data suggested a forest environment the soil was unbleached.

Secretion of androgens by the adrenal cortex of the mouse.

THE transitory inner cortical X-zone of the virgin female mouse first described and illustrated by Masui and Tamura1 and later by Howard-Miller2, Deanesly3 and many others, regresses rapidly during the first pregnancy and only gradually in the unmated female. It is unaffected by ovariectomy. A similar zone disappears in the male mouse before maturity but persists or redevelops after immature or adult castration. In the normal male, therefore, endogenous androgens cause regression of the zone and in both the castrated male and the virgin female exogenous androgens have the same effect4,5. Only androgens among purified hormones do this, so it is generally agreed that male hormones must circulate in the pregnant mouse. Jones concludes6, after a long series of investigations, that these androgens are derived from the ovaries under the stimulation of placental gonadotrophins. The present experiments show, however, that X-zone regression can be stimulated in the ovariectomized unmated female or in the castrated male by subcutaneous injections of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, indicating that androgens are produced by the adrenals themselves.

In-service winding-temperature measurement

DURING 1954, a radiation pyrometer was developed by the Franklin Institute in conjunction with the Philadelphia Electric Company. It was constructed for the purpose of measuring in-service temperatures on the amortisseur windings of the 25-cycle single-phase generators of two large frequency changers. The temperature measurements which were made with this instrument were the latest in a long series of investigations in connection with recurrent amortisseur winding failures apparently caused by a combination of temperature, stress, and time.

« Relativ » oder « absolut »?

After the detection of a remarkable difference of the angles of reflexion and of incidence on “the moved mirror”, which for the first time confirmed directly the “absolute-theory”, the author began in 1920 his long series of investigations on the “absolute” movement of the earth and the “Lorentz-contraction”. Over many years passed a very great number of quite different observations has been collected and discussed, and now all the positive and almost equal results of them for the determined coordinatesA andD of the apex and for the velocityv of the great “absolute” movement of translation of the earth have been put together here. These facts will allow the reader to judge for himself the question: “relative” or “absolute”?

THE COMA CLUSTER OF GALAXIES

General remarks, The following study is a part of a long series of investigations which the author has carried out with the 18-inch and the 48-inch schmidt telescopes to analyze the geometrical distribution of the member galaxies in large regular and irregular clusters of galaxies. The strict definition of a galaxy as a physical object presents considerable difficulties. The whole of the astronomical literature has actually never produced such a definition. This neglect has resulted in some widely held erroneous views on the luminosity function of galaxies. The principal problem originates in the uncertainty regarding the objects which should be counted as separate entities. There is, for instance, the question of whether Messier 31 and its two companions should be counted as one system or as three. This uncertainty is greatly enhanced through the recent discovery by the author of the existence of intergalactic matter. Vast and often very irregular swarms of stars and other matter exist in the spaces between the conventional spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies. It is not at all clear how such swarms should be incorporated into any distribution function of galaxies. All of these questions must be cleared up in a comprehensive theory of the luminosity function of galaxies. In the present analysis we shall largely disregard the problems just mentioned. We shall simply count galaxies more or less naively, as has been done in the past. This procedure is quite sufficient to demonstrate that most of the counts of galaxies made with the large reflectors are subject to grave doubts. In particular the luminosity function of galaxies as derived from these counts is erroneous. For instance, the luminosity function given by Hubble1 has a sharp maximum at the absolute photographic magnitude Mp£=£ 14.2. The present writer has shown pre-

The National Physical Laboratory, Light Division : Mr. T. Smith, F.R.S

ON his retirement last July, Mr. T. Smith completed a period of forty-one years service at the National Physical Laboratory, where he was in charge first of the Optics Section of the Physics Department and later of the newly created Light Division. The long series of investigations on geometrical optics which have established Mr. Smith as a leading authority in the subject were begun a few years after he entered the Laboratory with a paper to the Optical Society entitled "Practical Optical Calculations". This was the key for much of his later work. His outstanding contributions have been to the theory of algebraic, as distinct from trigonometric, methods of optical design, and in the development of methods of computation based on the use of calculating machines. A feature of many of his later papers has been the masterly application of matrix methods to optical problems. As is so often the ease when alternatives to old-established procedures are offered, the adoption of Mr. Smith's design methods in the industry has been slow ; but there are now signs that their value is being appreciated. Mr. Smith's work was recognized by his election to the Royal Society in 1932, and he has held the office of president both of the earlier Optical Society and the Physical Society. The younger workers in his subject recall with appreciation the care he always took that they should have the fullest opportunity to develop their views however unorthodox or immature. It is appropriate that the council of the Physical Society should have invited Mr. Smith to deliver the sixteenth Thomas Young Oration ; this he has agreed to do in June 1949.

Synthesis of Vomipyrine

AN outstanding result of Wieland‘s long series of investigations of vomicine was the degradation of the alkaloid to a base, C15H16N2, termed vomipyrine1. This afforded yellow salts, and the spectrochemical behaviour clearly indicated its constitution as an alkylated pyrroquinoline, C11H7N2.C4H9, although the position of fusion of the rings and the position and distribution of the alkyl group or groups (2Et, Me, Pr, Bu, etc.) was unknown. Guesses based on the earlier strychnine formulae were disproved by synthesis2.

The Origin of Cancer in Man

Recent work in the field of neoplasms further emphasizes the fact, long apparent, that no one cause will be found for the development of cancer in man. Already a number of agents are known to produce cancer directly or indirectly. Scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps gave the clue over 150 years ago for the long series of investigations that finally has produced the wide range of hydrocarbons proved to be carcinogenic for mice and some other animals. Among substances known to produce human cancer, shale oil, arsenic, and certain naphthylamine compounds have been well recognized. Radiologists are all too familiar with induction of carcinoma by long-continued roentgen or radium irradiation. Similarly, the hazard of leukemia as a result of chronic exposure to radiation has been established. A wide range of carcinogenic agents met with in various occupations have been studied by Hueper. One of the astonishing features of many carcinogenic agents thus far worked with has been their high degree of specificity for v...

Prof. G. A. R. Kon

PROF. G. A. R. KON, whose appointment to the chair of chemistry at the Chester Beatty Research Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital (Free), was recently announced, is a graduate of the University of Cambridge ; but his career as a chemist has until now been connected with the Imperial College of Science and Technology. Beginning research there in 1914, he was one of the band of workers associated with the late Sir Jocelyn Thorpe in the founding of his school of organic chemistry. Prof. Kon's early work dealt with ring formation and the like, and in the course of it he came across certain ketones exhibiting unusual properties. After the presentation of his D. Sc. thesis in 1922 he followed up these early observations, embarking on a long series of investigations dealing with three-carbon tautomerism, a phenomenon which had not, until then, received systematic attention. One outcome of this work, to which Prof. R. P. Linstead also made substantial contributions, was the elucidation of the chemistry of the glutaconic acids. The contradictory nature of these compounds, which had previously been the subject of controversy between Thorpe's school and that of Feist in Germany, was shown to be due to the simultaneous existence of three-carbon tautomerism and stereoisomerism.

EFFECT OF IONTOPHORESIS ON THE EYE

Iontophoresis as an important method of producing physiologic phenomena and of introducing chemical substances into the body was first utilized by Leduc.1This investigator pointed out that bodily phenomena were in essence electrical and that iontophoresis was a means of introducing ions into the organism and modifying the prevailing ionic relationship. This paper is the classic start of a long series of investigations. No attempt will be made in this paper to review the literature. In respect to ophthalmology, Wirtz2developed a technic by which the galvanic current was used to introduce chemical substances into the eye and thus to treat various diseases of the eye. He made no study of the influence of iontophoresis on intraocular pressure, nor did he use sodium chloride, which is the basis for the work here reported. Cantonnet3used drugs by means of the galvanic current in the form of iontophoresis

Mass-Radius Relation for a White Dwarf Star

THE peculiar difficulty pointed out by Eddington regarding the ultimate fate of a white dwarf star led Fowler1 to make the first application of Fermi-Dirac statistics to astrophysics in a fundamental paper which initiated a long series of investigations, particularly by Milne2, in recent years. The starting point is the expression which represents (neglecting the effect of relativistic mechanics) the number of wave functions corresponding to eigen-values lying in the energy-range ɛ to ɛ + dt for a free electron confined in a field-free region of volume V; this is assumed to hold for the stellar interiors though gravitational and electrical fields are present. For degenerate matter equation (1) leads to the well-known expression for the pressure which reduces the equation for mechanical equilibrium for a star to Emden's equation of index 3/2 giving the relation (“Emden-solution”) between the radius R and the mass M of a white dwarf. Lo is a length characteristic of the white dwarf theory where ⊙ is the solar mass, m the mass of the electron, mH the mass of the proton, G the gravitational constant, and ωo3/2 = 132·4 is a number defining the Emden-solution of index 3/2. μ is the mean molecular weight per free electron, μ = 1 for ionized hydrogen and μ = A/Z? 2 for any other completely ionized element of atomic weight A and atomic number Z. (The material in the interior of a white dwarf star is completely ionized due to pressure ionization.)