Long-chain Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Research Articles

Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, working memory and behavior in UK children aged 7-9: A randomized controlled trial for replication (the DOLAB II study).

BackgroundOmega-3 fatty acids are central to brain-development of children. Evidence from clinical trials and systematic reviews demonstrates the potential of long-chain Omega-3 supplementation for learning and behavior. However, findings are inconclusive and in need of robust replication studies since such work is lacking.ObjectivesReplication of the 2012 DOLAB 1 study findings that a dietary supplementation with the long-chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had beneficial effects on the reading, working memory, and behavior of healthy schoolchildren.DesignParallel group, fixed-dose, randomized (minimization, 30% random element), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT).SettingMainstream primary schools (n = 84) from five counties in the UK in 2012–2015.ParticipantsHealthy children aged 7–9 underperforming in reading (<20th centile). 1230 invited, 376 met study criteria.Intervention600 mg/day DHA (from algal oil), placebo: taste/color matched corn/soybean oil; for 16 weeks.Main outcome measuresAge-standardized measures of reading, working memory, and behavior, parent-rated and as secondary outcome teacher-rated.Results376 children were randomized. Reading, working memory, and behavior change scores showed no consistent differences between intervention and placebo group. Some behavioral subscales showed minor group differences.ConclusionsThis RCT did not replicate results of the earlier DOLAB 1 study on the effectiveness of nutritional supplementation with DHA for learning and behavior. Possible reasons are discussed, particularly regarding the replication of complex interventions.Trial registration and protocolwww.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN48803273) and protocols.io (https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.k8kczuw)

Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, cognition and behavior in children aged 7-9 years: a randomized, controlled trial (the DOLAB Study).

BackgroundOmega-3 fatty acids are dietary essentials, and the current low intakes in most modern developed countries are believed to contribute to a wide variety of physical and mental health problems. Evidence from clinical trials indicates that dietary supplementation with long-chain omega-3 may improve child behavior and learning, although most previous trials have involved children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Here we investigated whether such benefits might extend to the general child population.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of dietary supplementation with the long-chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the reading, working memory, and behavior of healthy schoolchildren.DesignParallel group, fixed-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT).SettingMainstream primary schools in Oxfordshire, UK (n = 74).ParticipantsHealthy children aged 7–9 years initially underperforming in reading (≤33rd centile). 1376 invited, 362 met study criteria.Intervention600 mg/day DHA (from algal oil), or taste/color matched corn/soybean oil placebo.Main Outcome MeasuresAge-standardized measures of reading, working memory, and parent- and teacher-rated behavior.ResultsITT analyses showed no effect of DHA on reading in the full sample, but significant effects in the pre-planned subgroup of 224 children whose initial reading performance was ≤20th centile (the target population in our original study design). Parent-rated behavior problems (ADHD-type symptoms) were significantly reduced by active treatment, but little or no effects were seen for either teacher-rated behaviour or working memory.ConclusionsDHA supplementation appears to offer a safe and effective way to improve reading and behavior in healthy but underperforming children from mainstream schools. Replication studies are clearly warranted, as such children are known to be at risk of low educational and occupational outcomes in later life.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01066182 and Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN99771026