<h3>Objective:</h3> To investigate the prevalence, demographics, cognitive profiles, and neuropathology of yes/no confusion, a.k.a. aphasic binary reversals (ABR), in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum disorders. <h3>Background:</h3> ABR occurs when patients frequently answer binary choice questions (e.g., yes/no) incorrectly. High rates have been observed in nonfluent PPA (nfvPPA), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), diseases often considered as part of a spectrum. To date, no study has thoroughly explored ABR specificity within the broader PPA/FTLD spectrum disorders or deeply examined the cognitive mechanisms behind this phenomenon. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Clinical histories across nfvPPA (n=152), CBS (n=106), PSP (n=111), behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD; n=329), logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA; n=213), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA; n=143) were screened for the presence of ABR. Demographics, cognitive measures, and neuropathology were compared between groups with and without ABR. <h3>Results:</h3> ABR prevalence was highest in nfvPPA (43.42%) followed by PSP (16.21%), CBS (13.21%), bvFTD (3.34%), lvPPA (2.81%), and svPPA (0.0%). ABR was highly predictive of nfvPPA diagnosis (OR=25.03 [95% CI: 16.3–38.42]) and the combined nfvPPA/CBS/PSP spectrum (OR=30.06 [95% CI: 17.67–51.12]). Analyses restricted to the nfvPPA/CBS/PSP group revealed no differences in demographics or CDR between those with and without ABR. On cognitive testing, Verbal Agility, Repetition, Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Modified Trails, Semantic Fluency, Phonemic Fluency, Stroop Color Naming and Interference were significantly worse (all <i>p</i><0.05) in nfvPPA/CBS/PSP with ABR vs. without. On autopsy, 93% (n=38/41) with ABR possessed a sole tauopathy (PSP/CBD/Pick’s/GGT/AGD/unclassifiable tau) vs. 78% (n=85/109) without (Fisher’s Exact, <i>p</i>=0.05; restricting to nfvPPA/CBS cases, 90% [n=27/30] vs. 67% [n=41/61] had sole tauopathy, <i>p</i>=0.02). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> ABR is highly specific to nfvPPA/CBS/PSP spectrum disorders and is associated with worse language and executive function testing and sole tauopathy. Together, the presence of ABR may be capturing pathophysiological differences within these disorders and thus might reflect a novel disease biomarker. <b>Disclosure:</b> Rian Bogley has nothing to disclose. Maxime Montembeault has nothing to disclose. Isabel Allen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Spina has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Acsel Health. Dr. Spina has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Precision Xtract. Dr. Spina has received research support from Tau Consortium. Dr. Spina has received research support from Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, LLC. Dr. Spina has received research support from Bluefield Project to Cure FTD. Lea Grinberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Curasen Inc. The institution of Lea Grinberg has received research support from NIH. The institution of Lea Grinberg has received research support from Eli Lilly. The institution of Lea Grinberg has received research support from BrightFouus. The institution of Lea Grinberg has received research support from Rainwater Charity Foundation. Prof. Huang has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Kramer has received research support from tau consortium. Dr. Kramer has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Possin has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for ClearView Healthcare Partners. The institution of Dr. Possin has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. The institution of Dr. Possin has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Possin has received research support from The Global Brain Health Institute. The institution of Dr. Possin has received research support from The Rainwater Foundation. The institution of Dr. Rankin has received research support from Marcus Foundation. Dr. Rosen has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Eisai Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Rosen has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. The institution of Dr. Rosen has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Rosen has received research support from State of CA. Dr. Rosen has a non-compensated relationship as a Consultant with Alector that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. An immediate family member of Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Kaiser Permanente. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Ono. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Third Rock. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Transposon. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Oligomerix. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for GSK. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Humana. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Wave. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Oscotec. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Arvinas. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Arkuda. Dr. Boxer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for AZTherapeutics. Dr. Boxer has stock in Alector. Dr. Boxer has stock in Arkuda. Dr. Boxer has stock in Arvinas. An immediate family member of Dr. Boxer has stock in AZtherapies. Dr. Boxer has stock in TrueBinding. The institution of Dr. Boxer has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Boxer has received research support from Eisai. The institution of Dr. Boxer has received research support from Regeneron. The institution of Dr. Boxer has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Boxer has received research support from Bluefield Project. Dr. Boxer has received research support from Rainwater Charitable Foundation. The institution of Dr. Boxer has received research support from Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Eisai. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for GE Healthcare. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Eli Lilly. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Johnson & Joihnson. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for JAMA Neurology. The institution of Dr. Rabinovici has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Rabinovici has received research support from American College of Radiology. The institution of Dr. Rabinovici has received research support from Alzheimer’s Association. The institution of Dr. Rabinovici has received research support from Rainwater Charitable Foundation. The institution of Dr. Rabinovici has received research support from Genentech. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Topic Chair, Course Director and teacher with AAN. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Grant reviewer with NIH. Dr. Seeley has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for GLG Council. Dr. Seeley has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Guidepoint Global Consulting. Dr. Seeley has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Corcept Therapeutics. Dr. Seeley has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for BridgeBio. Dr. Seeley has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Private attorney. The institution of Dr. Seeley has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Seeley has received research support from Rainwater Charitable Foundation. The institution of Dr. Seeley has received research support from Bluefield Project to Cure FTD. The institution of Dr. Seeley has received research support from Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative. Dr. Sturm has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Perry has received research support from NIH/NIA. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Gorno Tempini has received research support from NIH. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose.