History Of Logic Research Articles

THE HISTORICAL SPECIFICITY OF CAPITALISM, AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: REFLECTIONS ON POSTONE’S READING OF MARX AND MARXISM

Whether we think history has a definite logic of its own, or is merely the emergent quality of an irreducible contingency – it is usually taken as granted that it the same way in all its course. This is the case with some philosophers who argue against a conception of history as having an inherent logic. In this paper I present Postone’s critical reexamination of Marxian categories and argue that based on his project, we can criticize the presupposition of the “sameness” of history. For although there is no transhistorically valid “logic of history”, something like it is constituted by the functioning of capitalism’s elementary categories.

Does Ukraine Have the Right to be an EU Member?

The authors offer a comprehensive gnoseological and axiological study of the prerequisites that may become the grounds for Ukraine’s integration into the EU: social, economic, cultural-historical, and other prerequisites. This practical reflection aims to identify the extent to which Ukraine is currently integrated into the EU. From the geopolitical viewpoint, the act of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union is a formality, which implies the agreement of the EU members to accept Ukraine as an equal actor in a shared, unified economic, cultural, and historical space. Certainly, a decision of this kind should be dictated by concrete, historically substantiated grounds, that is, reasons proven by time and the logic of history.

Conversation and the logic of history

The problem of the logic of understanding history is discussed. We propose a model of understanding history as a conversation, which the person thinking about history has with interlocutors (sources) of previous epochs. The epoch is interpreted as a special way of problematizing human's understanding of him (her) self and the world around. At the same time, three gifts — attention, recognition and name — underlie the connection of the historian in conversation with interlocutors (sources) from other eras. They are not given in advance but are results of a struggle for the recognition. In choosing his (her) interlocutor (source), the historian chooses him (her) self. By giving this interlocutor (the source) the opportunity to be heard, the historian, at the same time, receives a gift from the source — the opportunity to express what would otherwise remain unspoken in the historian's own mind. The logic of conversation, designated as transduction, is not the connection through the identification of the beginning and the end of the discourse, which is appropriate and necessary within the speech of each of the conversationalists, but the connection of the beginnings of these discordant discourses among themselves.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE EURASIAN SYMBOLIC SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF DISINTEGRATION/INTEGRATION AND DISCONNECTION/CONNECTION WITH THE SOVIET SYMBOLS

The author offers the symbolic approach to understanding the nature of the construction of the Eurasian identity in the framework of the EAEU as the result of (dis-)integration and (dis-)connection with the Soviet symbols. The goal of the research is to provide the interdisciplinary analysis of shaping the EAEU’s symbolic identity. The symbolic and dialectic approaches are used. The main idea consists in the suggestion that the symbols are social technology of creating EAEU’s identity. The article argues that EAEU’s symbolic system is shaping on the logic of (dis-)connection and (dis)integration with the meanings of the symbolic system of the USSR. The dialectic logic of integration and connection means greater interaction of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia and Russia. A logic of history of integration and connection is determined on the attempt to revive the Soviet symbols which can be the basis for the construction of common symbolic system. The inner strength of such integrative process lies in the fact that the new phenomenon of the EAEU is not seeking the reincarnation of the old symbols of the Soviet era, serving the expression of utopian ideas. The key findings of the research can be the basis for the practical recommendations in terms of the Eurasian cultural policy.

On the Logic of History and Tradition in Constitutional Rights Cases

On the Logic of History and Tradition in Constitutional Rights Cases

PEIRCE ON THE USES OF HISTORY BY TULLIO VIOLA

Reviewed by: Peirce on the Uses of History by Tullio Viola Giovanni Maddalena Tullio Viola Peirce on the Uses of History Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. 261 pp. (incl. name and subject index) It is difficult to devise a new approach to any topic in Peirce scholarship, and it is also difficult to convincingly bring one to life. Tullio Viola's book, Peirce on the Uses of History, elegantly accomplishes this second trick, making it well worth reading. Viola is one of the many representatives of a new generation of Italian Peirce scholars (wherever based) who are connecting a solid philological and historical work about Peirce's writings with a vivid theoretical depth. Similar works by Chiara Ambrosio, Francesco Bellucci, Maria Regina Brioschi, Claudia Cristalli, Gabriele Gava, Maria Luisi, and Marco Stango on various aspects of Peirce's thought testify to the vitality of studies inspired by this profound connection. Peirce on the Uses of History deepens the various paths that relate the American philosopher's ideas to history, paths that discuss (a) Peirce's own studies of history, (b) his philosophical conception of history, and (c) his methodology for treating history. One of the few problems of the book is that Viola does not discuss each of these themes separately in its three parts, but rather, these topics are inextricably bound together due to the characteristic entanglement of Peirce's writings. However, Viola's reasoning and writing are absolutely clear, making it easy to follow these themes in the course of reading the seven chapters of the book. As for the first theme, Peirce's studies of history (a), the book's discussion in the two first chapters is splendid and worth reading for any Peirce scholar. Viola underlines the debt of Peirce to Whewell's metaphysical and logical views, which considered any observation as necessarily entailing conceptual elements, making history more the unfolding of vague, initial and real ideas than a sum of particular [End Page 288] accidents. As is well known, this approach would lead Peirce to a devotion to Duns Scotus's realism and then, at the beginning of the 1880s, in the Baltimore period, to research in a number of different fields of the history of science: the work on the Epistula de Magnete by Petrus Peregrinus, the biographies of great men, and the lexicography created in the long collaboration with the Century Dictionary. This growing interest would eventually lead to his two attempts to sketch a complete history of science in the Lowell Lectures of 1892—93 (that will be published in volume 9 of the Writings, cited by Viola) and the so-called "Putnam History" (never published) of the years 1896—98, in which Peirce's interests as a historian became intertwined with, and sometimes came into conflict with, Peirce's inquiry in both the philosophy and logic of history. The gist of this first part of Viola's book (chapter 1 and part of chapter 2), that has a short follow up in chapter 6, involves his description of the chronology of Peirce's studies of history and his argument that portions of these studies that have traditionally been seen as disjointed actually fit together seamlessly if one understands Peirce's attitude towards history. The reader will understand better the connections between Peirce's studies of Egyptian pyramids, the pronunciation of Shakespeare, and Mach's mechanics. If there is any quibble with this section of the book, it is that it does not satisfy the reader wanting to know more about some of the topics discussed, including the results of some of Peirce's research that apparently fell short of a proper conclusion and the historical studies that Peirce carried out in the later part of his life, after 1908. Viola treats the second theme, Peirce's philosophy of history (b), at the end of chapter 2, focusing on his classification of sciences. Here, Viola engages in his most effective philology, both in his comparison of the different versions of the classification and by putting to work the crucial notion of teleology and final causation that informs the process by which Peirce generated his classification. This notion is also at...

Escape from Saṃsāra: Schopenhauer’s Opposition to the Philosophy of History

ABSTRACT As has long been recognized, Arthur Schopenhauer’s intellectual encounter with the Orient represents a departure from previous Western philosophers’ approaches to it. What has been less appreciated, however, is that this encounter also marks a pivotal moment in the modern critique of systematic philosophies of history. Since Schopenhauer doubted that there was any logic in history, either in the form of a providential plan or a rationally intelligible structure, he impugned both history’s scientific status and its significance for an understanding of the human condition. Rejecting both Christian eschatology and the modern theory of progress, he opted instead for a transhistorical perspective. This denigration of history, which had far-reaching repercussions in the latter half of the nineteenth century, must be understood in light of Schopenhauer’s engagement with non-Western philosophy. Schopenhauer’s devaluation of the significance of historical difference, in stark opposition to the philosophers of history who preceded him, contributed to his receptivity to non-Western thought; and his belief in the affinity between his own transhistorical perspective and the teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism informed his antagonism to contemporary historical narratives and theories.

Цивилизационная концепция А.С. Панарина и проблемы актуального мирополитического процесса

The article offers an interpretation of the philosophical and historical concept of A.S. Pa­narin, which covers a wide range of issues of civilizational development of mankind, as well as options for the constitution of cultural and political orders of being differenti­ated by value bases of humanity. The research hypothesis consists not only in the articulation of the Panarin heritage, the long-term activity of his scientific school, but also in the reconstruction and interpreta­tion of the main provisions of his civilizational concept, which are applicable to the world political process and its intrigues. Today we can say that many intuitions and insights of the thinker come true. In particular, the “revenge of History” took place, namely, its “eastern megacycle”, where Russia and Russian civilization play a decisive role. It is shown that the focus of understanding political dynamics proposed by A.S. Panarin directly points to “civilizational strategies” that cover the claims of civilizations to format and route History. In turn, the plot of the “civilizational strategy” of Western civilization is outlined, which is particularly destructive in relation to non-Western civilizational sys­tems. And in many ways, this state of affairs is caused by the “crisis of the postulates of historical rationality”. On the contrary, the cooperation of non-Western civilizations, which is possible not only on a geopolitical, but also on an ethical and axiological basis, still seems to be a promising way to change the nature and logic of History. Summing up, we can say that the civilizational concept of A.S. Panarin serves as an im­portant methodological a reference point in understanding the global dynamics, as well as the civilizational existence of Russia.

The Formal Logic of History

Tekstą iš vokiečių kalbos vertė ir pratarmę parašė Vytautas VolungevičiusEl. paštas: vytautas.volungevicius@gmail.com

Is Historical Temporality “Heterogeneous” and “Contingent”? William H. Sewell’s Cultural Turn

“Time” and “temporality” are difficult and central notions for historical scholarship. They exist in many varieties, which renders generalizations challenging. An interesting attempt has been made by US-scholar William H. Sewell in his Logics of History. Social Theory and Social Transformation (2005). He qualifies historical temporality as fateful, contingent, complex, eventful, and heterogeneous. It is rare for a historian to be so explicit. Sewell was inspired by discussions with sociologists and anthropologists during his transition from social to cultural history in the 1980 and 1990s. This article examines the question whether and how the change of the intellectual environment impacted the theoretical outcome. Are Sewell’s attributes to historical temporality plausible for historical scholarship in general, or do they reflect the boundary work of a particular group?

Intersubjective aspects of the social communication process in Plekhanov's Marxist analysis

The article deals with the correlation of transformations of social processes and their reflection in the social theory of philosophy. Comparative analysis of the classical form of Marxism and the concept of G.V. Plekhanov as a representative of ‘Russian’ Marxism reveals differences in the interpretation of the main methodological principle — the principle of materialistic understanding of history. According to the research hypothesis, there are existential characteristics found in G.V. Plekhanov’s Marxism in the interpretation of the essence of social subject. The paper reveals the intersubjective nature of social subject, which is considered in the concept of G.V. Plekhanov as the main driving force in history. It is shown that «Russian» Marxism is always demarcated from the position of economic determinism. In this context, an attempt is made to minimize the risk of social analysis losing its effectiveness in the existing philosophical directions of thought. The paper proves the leading role of the principle of materialistic understanding of history in modern social analysis. The analysis of modern social relations allows us to note high relevance of studying the essence of social subject. The author emphasizes the contradictory nature of human inclusion in society, which, in the context of the difficult geopolitical situation in the world and globalization of communication flows, acquires the status of a problem of individual peoples’ culture security. In this context, the importance of analyzing the existential characteristics of social subject is noted. The main characteristics of the productive forces of society as a source of social stability are formulated in order to minimize the risk of massization of social subject. The research results can be applied both in the subsequent analysis of the specifics of Russian philosophical thought and in the theoretical consideration of the social relations dynamics and the logic of history.

Books on Women, the Chancellor, and a Nobel Laureate: The Year in Austria

Books on Women, the Chancellor, and a Nobel LaureateThe Year in Austria Wilhelm Hemecker (bio) and David Österle (bio) One Hundred Years of Viennese Modernism In 2018 Austria celebrated the centennial of the end of an era: the downfall of the Habsburg Monarchy at the end of the First World War in 1918—and with it the end of Viennese Modernism. In the same year, four of the epoch's protagonists died: Otto Wagner, Kolo Moser, Gustav Klimt, and Egon Schiele, all of whom have had a lasting impact on the architecture and art of Vienna. In keeping with the marketing logic of biographies, this jubilee year not only brought numerous biographically orientated exhibitions that ran under a common motto: "beauty and abyss." The year also generated many new biographies of the stars of Modernism, including Gregor Mayer's Ich Ewiges Kind: Das Leben des Egon Schiele, Renata Kassal-Mikula's Otto Wagner 1841–1918: Sein Leben – Die Familie – Das Netzwerk – Eine Chronik, and a new biography by Mona Horncastle and Alfred Weidinger of Gustav Klimt, the painter of The Woman in Gold. Inspiring Female Figures Among many other subjects, Gustav Klimt painted Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein, whose father, the Gründerzeit industrialist and art patron, Karl Wittgenstein, was a great admirer and patron of the painter. She was a patron of the arts, occupied herself with mathematics and psychoanalysis, worked temporarily in a chemical laboratory in Zurich, and commissioned the construction of Haus Wittgenstein, the ascetic cubist city palace in Vienna. While the most prominent of her brothers—philosopher Ludwig and one-armed concert pianist Paul—have already been fully illuminated biographically, the life of Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein is, and remains, far less well-known. However, in 2018 a biography by Margret [End Page 9] Greiner, a historian and expert in German studies, introduced Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein to a broader reading public. What distinguishes Greiner's biography is her liberal approach to the objectivity and conjecture of truth within the biographical genre. Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein: Grande Dame of Viennese Modernism is not a scientific biography, but a romanbiografie (novel biography)—as the author herself has called it. The facts are enriched by fictional elements, clearly stemming from fictional narrative forms. The book contains dialogue and scenic descriptions that illustrate the life of Stonborough-Wittgenstein far more clearly, but turn the biographical object into a fictional character. Whether or not Greiner's biography still maintains a balance between poetry and science—something Stefan Zweig no longer saw in the genre of biographie romancée, and thereafter deliberately demarcated his own literary-biographical writing from this subgenre of biography—must be called into question. Pleasure should not be allowed to outstrip the "logic of history," Zweig argued (143). The biographical work being done in Austria during the last two years has been characterized by an intense occupation with inspiring female figures, women who for a long time were outside the canon of biography-worthy persons in a male-dominated world. In addition to Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein, Lise Meitner, a pioneer of the atomic age, has recently become the subject of a comprehensive portrait by David Rennert and Tanja Traxler, two journalists of the bourgeois-liberal daily Der Standard. Meitner, who in 1906 became the second female physicist to receive her doctorate from the University of Vienna, was considered by Albert Einstein to be "our Madame Curie," by the Nazis as an unwanted Jew, and by the tabloids as the "mother of the atomic bomb." In Stockholm, where she fled in 1938, she discovered together with Otto Frisch the principle of nuclear fission. She was never considered for the Nobel Prize, most likely because she was a woman, even though she was nominated a total of forty-eight times. The aforementioned biography by Rennert and Traxler reads as a case study of a career within the male domain of science, in which women were not only underrepresented, but the absolute exception. Things are far from different when it comes to the biography of Ingrid Wiener. The artist and cook, who spent a lifetime in the shadow of her husband, the avant-garde artist Oswald Wiener, was the subject of a biography by...

IS MARXISM A HISTORICAL MATERIALISM?

The paper proves that a historical method in Marxism is not identified to a dialectical method. The logic of history and the logic of its analysis in Marxism do not always coincide. The Logical coincides with the Historical only in eternity as it actually occurs in the works by G.V.F. Hegel. Eternity which has already witnessed everything does not know history any more. In the same way, history also begins there where the eternity comes to an end. Therefore, artificial identification of the Logical with the Historical in Marxism led sometimes to actual mistakes. It is no wonder that it has always caused discussions in Marxism. They are mainly explained by the fact that the deductive, abstract-to-concrete method in which the “General” appears before the “Concrete” is an anti-historical method in its Nature. In real human history the “General” which is generalization of many “Concrete” could not appear before the latter in any way. For this reason, the real historical materialism needs an inductive method of knowledge. Only in that case historical materialism will cease to remain the soviet “histmat” and becomes the real form of a new world outlook. The author is of the opinion that the Party spirit of the Soviet philosophy promoted preservation of the anomalies mentioned in Marxism. The open discussion could help to find valid but not inherited from Hegel relation of historical and logical methods in Marxism.

Kant and the Science of Logic by Huaping Lu-Adler

Reviewed by: Kant and the Science of Logic by Huaping Lu-Adler J. Colin McQuillan LU-ADLER, Huaping. Kant and the Science of Logic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 272 pp. Cloth, $74.00 Huaping Lu-Adler's Kant and the Science of Logic represents the very best that contemporary Kant scholarship has to offer. Lu-Adler's book combines analytical rigor, sensitivity to the historical context in which Kant thought and wrote, and mastery of an extensive body of scholarly literature with methodological insight and clarity of presentation. It is essential reading for Kant scholars, historians of logic, and other historians of philosophy. The structure of Kant and the Science of Logic is straightforward. In the first chapter, Lu-Adler surveys the sources and materials that are necessary to reconstruct Kant's views on logic and explains how they are to be evaluated. She is rightfully suspicious of the textbook published as Kant's Logic (1800) by Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche. While Jäsche's logic can be helpful, it should never be read apart from Kant's Reflexionen, the transcripts of his lectures, and his other published works. It is only when these sources are compared, using what Lu-Adler calls a "perspectival approach," that Kant's distinctive views on logic can be understood. Once this approach has been adopted, Lu-Adler argues, the "critical eclecticism" of Kant's approach to logic becomes apparent. According to Lu-Adler, Kant's conception of logic is both critical and eclectic, because it begins [End Page 375] with "a constructive analysis of how past philosophers might have sought to build and support their systems." However, this is merely a preliminary phase in the construction of a system, in which one must evaluate one's own opinions and those of one's contemporaries, in order to arrive at sound principles and architectonic unity. Lu-Adler thinks this approach helps to avoid the problems of uncritical syncretism and dogmatic system-building, while connecting fruitfully with "Kant's view of what it means to become a genuinely independent thinker," which can be achieved only within "a community of autonomous truth-seekers, through an honest exchange of ideas and perspectives." Chapters 2 and 3 reconstruct the problems that Kant's conception of logic was meant to address. Lu-Adler surveys, in chapter 2, the history of logic from antiquity to the renaissance, highlighting the place logic was thought to occupy within philosophy as well as the utility it was thought to have. Lu-Adler's chapter brings into sharp relief the ambiguous place logic has occupied in the history of European philosophy, showing that it is by no means clear, within that history, whether logic was a science; whether it is a theoretical or practical discipline; whether it has its own subject matter; whether it is merely an aid to grammar, ethics, or metaphysics; and whether the development of a technical, formal logical is to be celebrated or condemned. In chapter 3, she extends this inquiry into the early modern period. Lu-Adler argues that early modern European philosophers faced many of the same problems as their medieval and renaissance predecessors, though their views on logic were also affected by the new methods being developed in the natural sciences (Bacon), a new emphasis on intellectual freedom (Locke), as well as a desire to formalize the rules of thinking and explain their relation to mathematics (Leibniz and Wolff). In chapter 4, Lu-Adler identifies two "breakthroughs" in Kant's philosophy of logic during the pre-critical period. The first is a distinction between (1) the logic of the common understanding and (2) the logic of learned understanding, which corresponds, roughly, to the distinction between pure and applied general logic. Kant insists in the transcripts of some of his logic lectures that the logic of the learned understanding is a science, because it is grounded in a priori principles, but he denies that the logic of the common understanding is a science, because it is grounded in empirical principles. The second breakthrough is the development of Kant's conception of transcendental logic, which Lu-Adler traces back to Kant's characterization of ontology as a subjective...

Carl Prantl y la historia de la lógica de la investigación científica

Due mainly to his monumental Geschichte der Logik im Abendlande (History of logic in the West) Carl Prantl (1820-1888) was rapidly acknowledged internationally as a historian of logic. This work, however, was by no means the only result of his extremely prolific research, teaching and activity in scientific organization. Prantl produced a variety of works in the field of philosophical logic, history, philosophy, and history of philosophy. Furthermore, he was an outstanding translator of classical works. In some of these works he pursued themes found in contemporary philosophy of science and its history. Especially noteworthy in this respect is his lecture to the Bavarian Academy of Science entitled “Galileo and Kepler as logicians”, in which he briefly, but with genuine philosophical insight, analyzed the main epistemological notions operating in Galileo’s physics and Kepler’s astronomy. The main aim of this article is to make available to the Spanish reader an annotated translation of this text, and an introduction on Prantl’s work and life, so that Prantl’s valuable contribution may be appreciated to its full extent. In order to make Prantl’s text useful to current research we have updated the information on Galileo and Kepler. Finally, the reader will appreciate how significant Prantl’s approach was for the future, that is, for current studies in the history and philosophy of science

The logic of history in ‘gap’ discourse and related research

The Closing the Gap in Indigenous Disadvantage policy emerged in 2008 following the National Apology to the Stolen Generations. The policy articulates one of its purposes as being to address historical injustices. On the other hand, policy reform is naturally oriented to the future in its aims to improve and develop. These temporal tensions are the analytical focus of this article. Through examining the way in which the logic of ‘history’ is engaged in Australian Indigenous policy and related ‘gap’-oriented research, a range of political effects are illuminated. It is argued that the logic of history is deployed in three key ways: (1) history as over; (2) history as a single presence; and (3) history as context. In mapping these different orientations to history in the policy and literature, the following questions are asked: how might history be better understood as operating in the present and what sort of transformational possibilities might this afford?

The Logic of History and Leadership: Anselm's Analogs

AbstractSweeney (2003) has stated that Anselm of Canterbury produced a paradoxical understanding: God is both inaccessible and obvious (p. 17). The current article proceeds analogically from Anselm's works to a consideration of whether Leadership Studies and the Social Sciences in general can access the obvious omnipresence of History. Finding that neither Leadership Studies nor the other Social Sciences can access that which is obvious, it then extends, in an Anselmian paradox, to discuss the inevitable use of History in Leadership Studies.

Украина в политическом кризисе: образ России как катализатор противоречий

This paper deals with the period that is prior to Ukraine’s crises of 2013 14. The image of Russia shaped by political discourses, TV news and school textbook on history and geography is analyzed. The authors examine in what way the political doctrines which were in use exerted influence upon public opinion and resulted in direct and indirect consequences. They argue that the “European prospect”, which is serving as a guide line for social and institutional modernization all around Central and Eastern Europe, including Russia, has been transformed in Ukraine into an ideology for identity and state-building. The European aspiration was legitimized by an idea that “Ukraine is not Russia”. This concept kept its importance during the Post-Soviet period regardless of changes in political elites and has been transmitted through the mass-media and school education. The politics of the Ukrainian media was one-sided in spite of declared pluralism of opinions and freedom of speech. The TV news has not reflected the current events so much as a “war of discourses” promoted by protagonists and antagonists of the Ukrainian government. The observed plurality of Ukrainian media did not become a plurality of meanings and approaches. Analyses of the political discourses and mass media are balanced by review of school textbooks on history and geography. The authors discovered that all of the textbooks assumed a similar initial hypothesis despite the change in textbooks’ generations and political assessments. First, the history of the country and the history of the Ukrainian nation are considered as identical. Second, the approaches, which are well known as “victimization” and “occidentalisation” of national history, were applied to explain Ukrainian history. Third, history itself was considered as a predetermined process driven by the logic of history, not by people’s decisions. Objectifying history, the school textbooks interpreted historical incidents from the perspective of the current political agenda. School students built up an image of Ukraine as a colony first of the Moscow state, then of the Russian Empire and the USSR. In conclusion the authors argue that the opposition of Russia and Ukraine, which has been widely used as a tool for the creation of a unified nation in Ukraine, has played a destructive rather than a constructive role for both Ukrainian society and the state.

Book Review: Britain and Ireland: New Labour and the European Union: Blair and Brown's Logic of History

Book Review: Britain and Ireland: New Labour and the European Union: Blair and Brown's Logic of History

Toward a really temporalized theory of event: A Luhmannian critique and reconstruction of Sewell’s logics of history

In recent discussions about event as the foundation of historical research, it is William H Sewell Jr who has developed the most comprehensive version. However, Sewell’s theory of the event is not adequately articulated and is even one-sidedly dominated by his theory of structure. He did not take the problem of self-reference (and therefore circular causality) seriously enough, with the consequence that his emphasis on eventful temporality and contingency could not be carried through to the end. This article attempts to overcome such shortcomings by introducing Niklas Luhmann’s insights, which take a fully temporalized concept of event as departure, in order to build an adequate theory of event that complements the idea of eventful temporality.