Logical Sequence Of Activities Research Articles

THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO WORK: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

The issue of the right of persons with disabilities (PWD) to work through working age is guaranteed by law. As as a result, targeted measures, programs, and projects aimed at setting quotas for businesses, encouraging the self-employment of PWD, and rewarding employers have been implemented for some time in Mongolia. Implementation has been poor and this has led to violations of the rights of PWD to work. The main factors contributing to this are the lack of coordination, reconciliation, and management practices between line ministries ensur the implementation of the law and the public administration bodies that coordinate their activities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a coherent system to ensure the rights of PWDs to work in Mongolia, to implement better management methods, and to improve the effectiveness of ongoing activity. One of the decisive actions to address this is to study the regulatory mechanisms of developed countries and to practice advanced methods and technologies suitable for the conditions of Mongolia through benchmarking. In this article, we aim to develop recommendations for policymakers and implementers on how to create effective and equitable employment and work opportunities for PWDs. This involves the use of primary and secondary sources to provide meaningful answers through an evidence-based study. Survey data has been collected from relevant public administration employees and representatives of PWDs who are currently employed or wish to work, questionnaires, and interviews. The organizational system is compared with other countries, and the logical sequence of activities is analyzed. According to the survey results, the provisions of the legal documents for PWDs are not specified, other related legal documents are unconsolidated. There is no integrated database, and insufficient access to employment and career counseling services. Social psychology is not ready. It is concluded that the coordination and organizational backwardness of state organizations have a negative impact on the employment of PWDs. Accordingly, their rights are being violated.

Soft logic delay analysis technique

Current delay analysis techniques assume that there is only one logical sequence of activities in a project. However, in a real construction project, the relationship of activities can be demonstrated by both fixed and soft logic. Fixed logic requires activities to be executed in a specific order, whereas soft logic allows activities to be executed in various orders.Due to the existence of soft logic and the contractor's obligation to mitigate delays, it is necessary to update the logic to calculate Extension of Time (EOT). However, when soft logic is present in a schedule, manual updates are time-consuming and error-prone. To facilitate soft logic updates, several models have been proposed, however, these methods only update soft-logics within activities of the same work item, rather than project-wide.To overcome the limitations of the previous research, this paper proposes an algorithm to update schedules according to delay events project-wise. Furthermore, the proposed model has been verified using practical cases, demonstrating a successful way of applying this model to update schedules based on delay events, allowing EOT to be calculated automatically as well as more accurately and reasonably.

GIS Project Management

GIS project managers are the people who manage a staff in geographic data analysis for a specific goal. GIS project managers may become more integral and important to address the challenges of the projects. Project management like the knowledge application, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed end user needs and expectations.This paper describes definitions of GIS project management and specifies the resources and tools required. It ends with an overview of external factors and a discussion of the expertise required of a GIS project manager.Project means a temporary administrative environment created for the purpose of producing one or more specific products according to specific specifications within a predefined time frame using predefined sources. There are many definitions of a project. Wysocki et al. (2003), one of them, define a project as “a sequence of unique, complex and connected activities having one goal or purpose that must be completed by a specific time, within budget, and according to specification” (p. 38). It is a logical sequence of activities that must be completed within a specific time frame. The Project Management Institute (PMI) (2013a, p. 8) defines project management “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirement”. This definition is added to five Project Management Process Groups (PMPG) that describe the lifecycle of any GIS project, and ten knowledge areas for the project managers should be competent.

Project time: Time management method for software development projects-analytical summary

This article presents the results of the research project: “Time Management Method for Software Development Projects”, where a method was used to calculate the time spent on a software development project from its preparation phase until the delivery of it, applying the best practices of the PMBOK 5th edition, the RUP methodology and the estimation metric per Use Cases, so that companies and people dedicated to this activity, execute the project time estimation and carry out an effective programming of their activities. The proposed method consists of six phases: preparation, initiation, planning, development, testing and delivery, where inputs, activities, tools, roles and output artefacts are defined, allowing time to be calculated in each phase. The validation of the method was carried out through of the expert judgment technique, obtaining a favorable result that shows the degree of acceptance of it. According to the evaluation, the method provides a level of precision in the estimates of time, defines activities that provide a basis for estimating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling the research project, as well as an appropriate logical sequence of activities.

USING SOFT PRECEDENCE RELATIONS FOR REDUCTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DURATION

Current network techniques used for project scheduling presume that there is only one logical sequence of activities. However, in reality, the precedence logic of activities is not necessarily unchangeable. There are two types of relations between activities: fixed (hard) and soft. Current scheduling methods do not differentiate between these two types of relations and require a planner to choose one particular logical sequence based on some assumptions. The paper presents a model that allows for “weakening” the links between activities, i.e. that permits concurrent execution of activities or reversing their order, but this may require additional resource-consuming works or expenditures. The model involves two subtypes of soft logic: REVERSED and CANCELED to represent the soft relations between activities. Its mathematical form is a mixed linear integer programming model of minimizing the project duration without exceeding the allowed budget. The paper presents an example of practical application of the method to scheduling interior finishing works. The results support the argument that using soft logic relations between construction activities provides more flexibility in reducing project duration, activities timing and resource allocation.

Bemarkingsriglyne vir mikro-ondernemnigs

Bemarkingsriglyne vir mikro-ondernemnigs

Developing a framework for a standardized works programme for building projects

This paper reports on the development of a framework for a standardized programme of works for construction projects. A sample of 50 buildings, encompassing a total of 11 different project functions, were surveyed and analysed. The sample was then investigated further to assess the existence of similarities and repeated operations in each individual construction project. A minimum of 20 standardized elemental options were identified. From analysis of the data and the application of practitioners’ expertise, a logical sequence of activities, including their respective dependencies, was produced. A set of six new test projects was used to see if the initial methodology was sound. It could be concluded that despite each project being unique, most buildings retain cognate, elemental options that provide the basis for any structure, and these can be standardized and used as a basis for a universal programme of construction works. The standardization of activities would enable the automation of project planning processes and hence would result in reduced administration and management costs. This will encourage contractors and other project team members to undertake planning at earlier stages of the project, hence providing the basis for more accurate cash flow, duration and cost forecasts.

Requirements for software-support in concurrent engineering teams

Team work is the customary type of labour organisation used in the framework of Concurrent Engineering (CE). It requires a suitable design of the supporting software. As a first step a model of Concurrent Engineering Team Effectiveness (CETEM) has been developed on the basis of a meta-analysis. Within the scope of an empirical study - which was actually meant to test this new model - guidelines for software-support in Concurrent Engineering Teams were derived. The study was designed as participative observation and continuous process mapping of ten different teams. Sixty-seven measurements were being conducted in team meetings in order to show a correlation between the described variables. Correlation and cluster analyses were utilised. On a super-ordinated management level project contents and objectives as well as their temporal and logical context should be mapped with the help of a workflow-system. On a more operational level in the team itself, degrees of freedom regarding temporal and logical sequence of activities can be accepted. Nevertheless, detailed planning concerning the contents of activities should take place with the assistance of groupware- or database-solutions.

A systems engineering approach to technology assessment.

This paper presents a technology assessment process based on systems engineering methodologies used in the aerospace and defense industries. Systems engineering, defined in the U.S. military manual for engineering management, is a logical sequence of activities and decisions transforming an operational need into a description of system performance parameters and a preferred system configuration. Like systems engineering, technology assessment is driven by a single, clear need. The objective of systems engineering is to design a new system configuration; technology assessment assesses existing technologies to address this need. A six-step technology assessment model based on systems engineering principles is presented, including: (1) needs assessment; (2) clinical feasibility analysis; (3) systems assessment; (4) approval; (5) implementation; and (6) follow-up/CQI.