Free Logic Research Articles

Abstract A138: Decreasing disparities in inherited cancer syndrome identification through a systems approach, The At-Risk Cancer Genetic Syndrome Identification (ARCAGEN-ID) system

Abstract Three percent of cancers are due to inherited cancer-predisposing syndromes, the most common ones being Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome. Surveillance and preventive measures among diagnosed individuals lead to early detection, prevention of future cancers, and appropriate treatment modalities ultimately resulting in lower cancer mortality. Thus, identifying these individuals through genetic testing is of most importance. While guidelines have been drafted to identify people who need to be ruled out based on personal and family history of cancer, less than 30% of qualifying individuals are currently tested and these numbers are much worse among underserved communities. Lack of awareness, largely due to guideline complexity, has been documented as a critical factor for the low testing rates while clinician’s unconscious bias contributes to disparities. The objective of this project was to increase the identification of individuals at risk, especially among the underserved groups. We hypothesized that this could be accomplished by establishing a mechanism of automatic identification of candidates leveraging the electronic health records (EHR), the ARCAGEN-ID (At-Risk Cancer Genetic Syndrome Identification) system. Methods: An inclusion logic was designed based on 218 rules that evaluate personal and family history of specific cancers and age at diagnosis, relevant to NCCN/ACMG guidelines for genetic testing. Structured data was pulled from discrete fields in the EHR. External data was accessed by enabling the standard interoperability exchange of information system. The system was applied to the wellness registry, a cohort of 1,357,337 patients with an active EHR in our healthcare system. Results: The ARCAGEN-ID system identified 57,628 individuals at-risk (4.25%). Of those, 45,646 (79.2%) had no evidence of prior genetic test, cancer genetics evaluation, or referral. A manual chart review of 559 cases showed an identification accuracy rate of 96.2%. The ARCAGEN-ID identified a lower proportion of self-reported African Americans, Hispanics and Medicaid insured patients than the overall wellness registry (likely reflecting less complete relevant information in the EHR). However, patients in those categories were significantly overrepresented among the ones who were not previously referred for genetic testing. Thus, ARCAGEN-ID significantly increased the identification of individuals from minority groups by 12.7 to 23% in each category. Regarding criteria for inclusion, individuals identified only through ARCAGEN-ID were more likely identified because of family history of cancer only, representing 80.69%. In conclusion, a fully automated system that leverages the EHR was able to multiply by 5 the number of individuals who need to be ruled out for an inherited cancer syndrome while addressing the bias against underserved communities seen under current routine care. Citation Format: Rosa Munoz Xicola, Vinit Singh, Thomas Rafter, Jing Liu, Quiana Brown, Nitu Kashyap, Xavier Llor. Decreasing disparities in inherited cancer syndrome identification through a systems approach, The At-Risk Cancer Genetic Syndrome Identification (ARCAGEN-ID) system [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A138.

Normalisation for Negative Free Logics without and with Definite Descriptions

Normalisation for Negative Free Logics without and with Definite Descriptions

A formalization of Descartes’ causal argument for existence of God

In this paper I attempt a formalization of Descartes’ causal argument for the existence of God presented in the Third Meditation. By taking into account the philosophical setting of Descartes’ Meditations, I argue that the best logical theory to carry out the formalization is quantified modal logic where free logic is used for the first-order axioms. This fact is related to Descartes’ distinction between formal and objective reality which — to my mind — suggests both the adoption of modality (e.g. true in formal vs true in objective reality) and the possibility of using empty names (i.e. names which lack reference in “formal reality”). After presenting the formal system and the reconstruction of Descartes’ proof, I will discuss some issues related to the philosophical import of the formalization, such as the understanding of rigid designation and lack of reference. I will argue that the formalization of Descartes’ argument has an intrinsic philosophical value for it sheds light on the structure of argument, its implicit difficulties, and the use of logic itself to understand the philosophical tradition.

School shootings, the media, and the spatialities of dark belonging

This article discusses how news reports attendant to crisis events are used by the media to construct the logic of inclusion and exclusion. The focus of the paper is on rampage school shootings, which represent an illustrative example of how emotions and socio-politics become entwined in a spatial manner. The article also discusses how parties involved in the shooting event – the perpetrator, victims and the bereaved – are profiled in news reports as narrative characters through which the logic of inclusion and exclusion is constructed and conveyed, in different ways, and various spatial scales. This article illustrates how the media narratives of school shootings engage readers with the logic of belonging, offering normative understandings of how belonging and non-belonging should be comprehended. This paper contributes to both the geographical studies of belonging and media research.

Navigating and Exhibiting Ambivalence: Yin Hua Artist Organization and Sino-Indonesian Relations in the 1950s to 1960s

Abstract: This paper interrogates the logic of inclusion and exclusion that foregrounds the ethnocentrism and spatial boundedness of the state project’s national identity construction and proposes critical terms of discussion that challenge the limiting nation-centric framework prevalent in the dominant modern art historiography discourse. Drawing on primary archival research, it describes accounts of Lembaga Seniman Yin Hua (Yin Hua Meishu Xiehui, 印華美術協會, Yin Hua Artist Organization), an art organization established in 1955 in Jakarta and analyzes it against the backdrop of the Sino-Indonesian diplomatic relationship during the Cold War era. By engaging with the ambivalent aesthetic and politic of Chinese Indonesian artists, this paper recognizes the active and strategic agency of Chinese Indonesians as both insiders and outsiders in China and Indonesia under the uncertain circumstances of their dual nationality status. It argues that Yin Hua ambivalently navigated between the political patronage of Indonesia and China, performed dual loyalty to Indonesian and Sino-centric art history, and exhibited multiple artistic lineages that disrupted the stabilized territory of postcolonial nation-state geographical and cultural border. Weaving exhibition history, diplomatic history, and critical ethnic studies through a thread of transnational perspective, this paper provides historical narratives that unsettle the roots of racializing logic in the political articulation of nationalism and pushes toward an epistemic shift in rethinking categories of national identity, ethnicity, and citizenship.

Parameterized complexity of weighted team definability

AbstractIn this article, we study the complexity of weighted team definability for logics with team semantics. This problem is a natural analog of one of the most studied problems in parameterized complexity, the notion of weighted Fagin-definability, which is formulated in terms of satisfaction of first-order formulas with free relation variables. We focus on the parameterized complexity of weighted team definability for a fixed formula $\varphi$ of central team-based logics. Given a first-order structure $\mathcal{A}$ and the parameter value $k\in \mathbb N$ as input, the question is to determine whether $\mathcal{A},T\models \varphi$ for some team T of size k. We show several results on the complexity of this problem for dependence, independence, and inclusion logic formulas. Moreover, we also relate the complexity of weighted team definability to the complexity classes in the well-known W-hierarchy as well as paraNP.

Reducing the Matthew Effect on Journal Citations through an Inclusive Indexing Logic: The Brazilian Spell (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library) Experience

The inclusion of scientific journals in prestigious indexers is often associated with higher citation rates; journals included in such indexers are significantly more acknowledged than those that are not included in them. This phenomenon refers to the Matthew effect on journal citations, according to which journals in exclusive rankings tend to be increasingly cited. This paper shows the opposite: that the inclusion of journals in local indexers ruled by inclusive logic reduces the Matthew effect on journal citations since it enables them to be equally exposed. Thus, we based our arguments on the comparison of 68 Brazilian journals before and after they were indexed in the Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (Spell), which ranks journals in the Brazilian management field based on local citations. Citation impact indicators and iGini (a new individual inequality analysis measure) were used to show that the inclusion of journals in Spell has probably increased their impact factor and decreased their citation inequality rates. Using a difference-in-differences model with continuous treatment, the results indicated that the effect between ranking and inequality declined after journals were included in Spell. Additional robustness checks through event study models and interrupted time-series analysis for panel data point to a reduction in citation inequality but follow different trajectories for the 2- and 5-year impact. The results indicate that the indexer has reduced the Matthew effect on journal citations.

Free Term Logic Tableaux

Assuming that Term Functor Logic behaves as a free logic, in this contribution we modify its tableaux proof method in order to accommodate typical (in)valid inferences of free logic.

Beyond Reconciliation: Calling for Land-Based Analyses in the Sociology of Sport

This article examines the possibilities engendered by land-based analyses within the sociology of sport. We examine how “Canada’s” Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s calls to action on sport reproduce a logic of social inclusion, one which assimilates Indigenous athletes and Peoples into settler models of sport. To consider epistemological tools for unsettling settler sport systems, we turn to critical Indigenous scholarship on land-based analyses and pedagogies. To illustrate the possibilities of land-based analyses, we examine lacrosse, an Indigenous sporting practice with roots embedded in relational interconnectedness with the land. A land-based approach to sport offers opportunities for revising the assumptions, values, and ethics underpinning settler models of sport through, for example, emphasizing the importance of community, healing, and land stewardship.

China's Technical Standardization Power—a Challenge for NATO?

Technical standardization has turned into a central subject of geopolitical contestation. At first glance, this might be surprising as technical standards follow an inclusive logic of action and are legally non-binding. However, China has adopted a state-centric approach to standardization that stands in sharp contrast to the private actor driving practice in the West. This allows China to link its standardization efforts not least to its security interests. In fact, standards are not only relevant to ensure the convergence of defense technology. Standards can also unfold security relevance if they create lock-in dependencies and prevent or enable the globalization of backdoors. NATO could react to China's growing standardization power by establishing an information exchange platform, avoid excessive politicization of standard-setting and make sure not to overestimate the risks.

The Framing of Diversity Statements in European Universities: The Role of Imprinting and Institutional Legacy

We analyze the role of institutional founding conditions and institutional legacy for universities’ self-representation in terms of diversity. Based on 374 universities located in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, we can differentiate between a more idealistic understanding (logic of inclusion and equality) and a more market-oriented understanding (market logic) of diversity. Our findings show that the founding phase has no significant effect on the likelihood of a university focusing on a market-oriented understanding of diversity—however, we observe an imprinting effect with respect to the adoption of a diversity statement in general and an equity-oriented statement. Moreover, our findings show that there is a socialistic heritage for universities in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that is at work and still influences universities’ understandings of diversity today.

The Politics of Knowledge and Social Cash Transfers: The Constitutive Effects of an Anti-Poverty Regime in Indonesia

Recent decades have witnessed the globalisation of policies promoting social cash transfers as a critical instrument for poverty reduction. Among various approaches, the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) model promoted by the World Bank has gained discursive dominance in countries where this strategy, and its technical model for implementation, appear more attractive than competing alternatives. While research has evaluated CCT programmes and considered the politics of development that they represent in Latin America, researchers are yet to explore the constitutive effects of CCT ways of knowing and measuring poverty in the societies of rural Asia. This paper explores the consequences of CCT knowledge politics in rural Indonesia. It argues that CCT practices of knowing and measuring have paradoxical effects. The programme makes direct payments to millions of impoverished households, producing well-documented patterns of inclusion and advancement. Yet, CCT knowledge practices involve simplifications and generate significant mis-targeting, eliciting a never-ending repair process among state actors, local leaders, and communities. This metricised knowledge system depoliticises political questions of distribution. It conceals alternative ways of knowing and addressing poverty, producing an order of entitlements somewhat at odds with established community logics of inclusion, while provoking a local politics of distribution.

The Igorot triangulates, tarries beside a TV: An analysis of Walang Rape Sa Bontok and Tokwifi

Visual forms of communication are historically allied with the colonial project. Photography and film have been used both to create narratives about, or impart stories to, the colonized native, as part of framing their way of life, or lack of ‘civilization,’ and feeding them with the colonizer’s culture. Yet as with all things, these technologies and processes are pregnant with their opposites, as Marx put it. This short essay looks at two films, Walang Rape sa Bontok and Tokwifi, to examine how alternatives concerning the medium have been pursued. It focuses not just on the filmic content but also on the processes of the movies’ creation. Doing this betokens not just alternative representations of the Bontoc people but more importantly, alternative relationships materialized to make a historically marginalized group—the indigenous people–more present and active in procedures of storytelling, representation, and visualization. A preliminary wager is that both films approximate and bring to life the notion of communality or collectivity, counterpointing the arguably more dominant logic of tokenistic inclusion when it comes to the visibility of the indigenous in mainstream mass media.

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Rotational abstractions for verification of quantum Fourier transform circuits

AbstractWith the race to build large‐scale quantum computers and efforts to exploit quantum algorithms for efficient problem solving in science and engineering disciplines, the requirement to have efficient and scalable verification methods are of vital importance. A novel formal verification method that is targeted at Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) circuits is proposed. Quantum Fourier Transform is a fundamental quantum algorithm that forms the basis of many quantum computing applications. The verification method employs abstractions of quantum gates used in QFT that leads to a reduction of the verification problem from Hilbert space to the quantifier free logic of bit‐vectors. Very efficient decision procedures are available to reason about bit‐vectors. Therefore, this method is able to scale up to the verification of QFT circuits with 10,000 qubits and 50 million quantum gates, providing a meteoric advance in the size of QFT circuits thus far verified using formal verification methods.

Minor China: Method, Materialisms, and the Aesthetic by Hentyle Yapp

Reviewed by: Minor China: Method, Materialisms, and the Aesthetic by Hentyle Yapp Kai Hang Cheang (bio) Minor China: Method, Materialisms, and the Aesthetic, by Hentyle Yapp. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. Xv + 271 pp. $25.60 paperback. ISBN: 9781478011552 Over the past few years, Asian/American cultural criticism has shown a renewed interest in China. Complicating the traditional interpretation of China as a geographical origin point for the Chinese diaspora, the Asian/American scholars behind this twenty-first-century turn to China–including Christopher B. Patterson and Y-Dang Troeung (2019), Nan Z. Da (2020), and Christopher Fan (2021)–attend to how the West's shifting significations of China and Chinese-ness in video games, science fictions, and memoirs reflect the world's imaginations of China's rise in the age of the new Cold War. Hentyle Yapp's monograph Minor China: Method, Materialisms, and the Aesthetic imparts further nuance to the topic of China by bringing Asian/ American cultural criticism and transpacific critiques, such as Lisa Lowe's "hesitant method" and Petrus Liu's "material Marxism," to bear on analyses of post-1989 Chinese art and cultural productions to make distinctions between multiple "Chinas." Not to be confused with the two Chinas in Petrus Liu's Queer Marxism in Two Chinas (namely, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China), "minor China" is "a method that highlights the epistemological assumptions and ontological conditions [which] uphold the order of things, the major" (5), whereas, the major is the short hand for the "major narratives around resistance and romanticized notions of liberal free speech" (1). Per Yapp's characterization, Asian American studies and area studies are among the disciplines that propagate "major China," since they are driven by reading methods informed by liberal ideals like agency and subjectivity, interpretations that the critic argues flatten out subtle nuances in analyses of China. As a corrective, Yapp offers up "minor China," a "molecular" (15) interpretive method that employs fine-grained, affective, and aesthetic approaches which seek not to judge or criticize but to hesitate before, or pause and ask questions of, liberal logics of inclusion that too often value post-Tiananmen art as heroic efforts of aesthetic resistance in the face of authoritarianism. [End Page 111] Yapp exemplifies the problematic liberal logic in chapter 1 as he discusses the way China and Chinese artists were superficially included in Magiciens de la Terre (1989) despite the show's ostensible attention to China when it televised the concurrent Tiananmen Square protests. The chapter then goes on to show how the liberal logic of inclusion distracted Western curators and audiences from noticing the discursive criticisms made by Chinese artists. To make that case, Yapp turns to Cai Guo-Qiang's reproduction of Wang Guangyi's 1965 Rent Collection Courtyard for the 1999 Venice Biennale. Most critics at the Biennale focused on the grimaces on the faces of the workers and therefore framed the exhibition as a critique of socialism. Yapp argues that this understanding of Cai's piece misses a minor remedial detail: the display of the artists crafting the sculptures in front of the audience, an act that re-centers artistic labor in the installation and highlights the value of it under liberal capitalism. Chapter 2 extends the critique of the logic of inclusion by analyzing Ai Weiwei's art project Fairytale (2007). There, Yapp traces the effects of the hostility the group endured from racist Europeans and the anger that some of the tourists expressed (most memorably the Chinese woman who complained about the exclusion of her son from the tourist group because of some anti-police comments that he posted online). The "minor" here means anger and spite, which Yapp reads as affective exhortations that direct readers "to an ethics, practice and method that inquire who might been missing" (101). In chapter 3, Yapp studies Yan Xing's piece Kill (the) TV Set as well as Liu Ding, Carol Lu, and Su Wei's collective curation project Little Movement. Homing in on the "minor" (the dispassionate expression on the face of Yan in his embrace of Agu Anumudu) and ambiguous pieces like 1996.8.26, a work that shows...

La participation des groupes communautaires au musée : quelles logiques et pour quels effets ? Le cas de l’exposition InterReconnaissance à l’Écomusée du fier monde

Begun in 2018, the action-research project Accessibilité des publics marginalisés au musée: des outils adaptés (Museum accessibility for marginalized publics: adapted tools) wished to include the publics in a reflection on inclusion in the museum. The initiative was undertaken after a research project InterReconnaissance, La mémoire des droits dans le milieu communautaire au Québec (2012-2017), as well as the InterReconnaissance, une mémoire citoyenne se raconte exhibition (Écomusée du fier monde, 2018-2019). This vast endeavour explored “the stories behind the story,” that is, the battles to defend and promote minority group rights since the 1960s. The research-action project was based on the observation that the museal milieu faced a lack of knowledge, experience and resources to conceive accessibility for certain groups, most notably people living with mental health issues, handicaps and issues related to recent immigration. It was also necessary to make the exhibition accessible to communities within it and involved in its realization. This wish guided the team, composed of researchers, an artist and a cultural mediator, to consult with three groups concerned with mobilizing community networks and defending rights historically constituted and organized around, by and for these populations. This step then led to the creation and realization of cultural mediation activities adapted and developed in conjunction with the community movement. Two stances characterized the project. While they are not mutually exclusive, they delineate the trends that can shed a novel light on the actions and role of museums. The first is defined by an anthropological research approach that allows the recounting of history through the memory of its principal actors. It is also revealed by the polyphonic approach of the exhibition and the validation of these people, their actions and their impact on Quebec society. The exhibition thus makes another history visible and promotes acknowledgement of it by bringing it into the museum, contributing to the defense of rights. The other rationale is rooted in a consideration of the conditions encouraging museum visits by the most marginalized groups through concerted action with community organizations. It is the foundation of a variety of strategies adopted to create an activity of cultural mediation and co-creation to meet the needs and wishes of the invitees, as well as contributing to an activity that is meaningful for the groups, by pursuing the goals of appropriating and transmitting knowledge, but also self-emancipation and self-expression. Here, the project is based more on a logic of inclusion that museums have increasingly adopted in recent years. In this article, we propose a theoretical exploration of these two approaches. It also allows us to analyze the participation of the publics in light of the principles of the museal tradition of ecomuseology. In addition to painting a reflective and critical portrait of our action and the project we have dedicated ourselves to in recent years, we think that this work will encourage reflection on the effect of different participatory modes of the publics at the museum, particularly groups experiencing exclusion. We also hope that it will help illuminate museal action and the various possible dimensions of the museum’s social role.

African Metaphysics, Epistemology and a New Logic: A Decolonial Approach to Philosophy, by Jonathan O. Chimakonam and L. Uchenna Ogbonnaya

<i>African Metaphysics, Epistemology and a New Logic: A Decolonial Approach to Philosophy</i>, by Jonathan O. Chimakonam and L. Uchenna Ogbonnaya

Disabling Lee Kuan Yew and the Singapore Story: The Problematic Logics of Inclusion in Contemporary Singapore

ABSTRACT Representations of Lee since his passing have focused on discussing the role that he played in building Singapore and the politics of remembering him. This article takes a different approach, underpinned by developments towards the incorporation of disabled people in life both in Singapore and internationally. Embracing disability as a valid form of embodiment as well as an important source of critical knowledge, this article uses a disability analytic to disable both the figure of Lee Kuan Yew and the Singapore Story. It does so to expose the underpinning logics and contradictions surrounding disability, which affords opportunities to reimagine a more inclusive Singapore.

Tau‐Neurodegeneration mismatch reveals vulnerability and resilience in Alzheimer’s continuum and Non‐Alzheimer’s pathophysiology

AbstractBackgroundIn previous work (Das et al., 2021), we exploited the non‐specific nature of neurodegeneration by investigating the amount and spatial pattern of deviation from the level of neurodegeneration (N) expected for a given level of tau (T). Using a data‐driven clustering approach based on T‐N mismatch, we found phenotypes that had greater N than expected for T (“vulnerable”) and phenotypes with less N than expected for T (“resilient”) in specific patterns. Here we extend this work to include amyloid positive (A+) and negative (A‐) participants. The logic of inclusion of A‐ individuals is that areas of mismatch in A+ individuals is likely driven by factors outside of AD pathology, which can be present in the absence of AD pathology.MethodWe employed cortical thickness to represent N and 18F‐flortaucipir tracer uptake as T for 104 bilateral cortical regions of interest (ROI) in 343 symptomatic individuals including both A+ and A‐ from ADNI. We established T‐N robust regression and partitioned participants based on thresholded residuals. Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive scores were assessed with linear mixed‐effects model effect models using CDRSB as the dependent variable.ResultWe replicated prior work and obtained clusters with distinct T‐N mismatch patterns. We defined the largest group as “canonical”, as it displayed typical T‐N relationships (N∼T, low residuals). The limbic vulnerable cluster displayed N&gt;T (negative residuals) in limbic regions, while diffuse vulnerable group displayed N&gt;T throughout the cortex. Alternatively, the resilient (N&lt;T, positive residuals) clusters were classified as limbic resilient or prefrontal resilient based on the pattern of this relationship. Note the highly similar regional patterns of the A+ and A‐ subgroups, supporting our hypothesis that this residual reflects non‐AD related phenomenology which could be present irrespective of amyloid status. Phenotypes differed in longitudinal cognitive trajectories. The vulnerable clusters declined significantly faster than the canonical cluster regardless of amyloid status likely attributable to the presence of non‐AD pathologies. The resilient groups tended to progress less than the canonical group.ConclusionOur findings suggest T‐N mismatch depicts vulnerability and resilience likely attributable to non‐AD factors. This may provide an approach for detecting co‐pathologies in AD continuum and benefiting therapeutic management.