Locomotors System Research Articles

On Selection of Threshold Values for Symbolic Entropy Analysis of Human Gait.

Human gait is a complex system affected by many other processes of human physiology. It has multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Due to its complex nature, signals obtained from this system also exhibit complexity and variability. It has been analyzed in many ways to extract the information inhabited by these signals. Entropy based methods showed a significant impact on analysis of gait signals. Threshold based symbolic entropy analysis is one of the entropy based method applied to human gait signals. In this method Normalized Corrected Shannon Entropy (NCSE) is calculated to compare the spontaneous output of the human locomotors system during different walking conditions. Selection of the threshold values is an important task and sometimes it depends upon the type and size of the data. Results are dependent on the proper selection of the threshold. In this paper, different threshold selection methods are discussed and their impact on the results are presented. It was observed that, variation in stride interval has performed better as a threshold value as compare to the other methods. It provided maximum separation among different groups of gait data used in this study. We concluded with the recommendations for the proper selection of the threshold values to apply symbolic entropy methods on human gait signals. Clinical relevance Various gait related problems are common in older adults that increase with age and are associated with reduced gait speed increased fall risk and other impairments. Consequently objective gait assessment in the clinics depending upon the size of the available data has become increasingly important for the classification of gait. It was found that while applying symbolic entropy method proper selection of threshold result into improved classification of different types of gait data which will help the clinician for better decision-making regarding treatment.

Assessment of serum CK-MM level as a bioindicator for work-related musculoskeletal injuries among Emergency hospital workers.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are considered a growing problem among healthcare personnel, especially service workers. The emergency room (ER) service workers are highly exposed to work-related risk factors which predispose them to MSDs. A cross-sectional study was performed on 78 ER workers. Full medical and occupational histories were taken. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) was used for the assessment of musculoskeletal symptoms. Clinical examination was done with special emphasis on the locomotors system, and serum levels of muscle enzymes, including creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MM), were measured. The study aims to detect the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among ER workers at University hospitals, and assessment of CK-MM as a biomarker used in the early detection of MSDs. We found that 71.8% of the participants were complaining of musculoskeletal disorder in the last 7days before the study, while only 34.6% were complaining of musculoskeletal disorder in the last 12months before the study. The knee joint was the most commonly affected site in the past 7days, by 39.7%. On the other hand, the highest prevalent disorder in the last 12months was for the ankle joint (17.9%) with significantly high levels of serum CK-MM. In conclusion, musculoskeletal injuries are a common complaint among healthcare occupations, especially among ER service workers that need regular health education and ergonomic training programs. Monitoring of serum CK-MM level with cut-off value 90ng\ml could be used as a novel approach for the early detection of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Studies on Combined Toxicity of Pendimethalin and Cadmium Chloride with Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E-Selenium and Turmeric in Male Albino Rats

The present investigation was undertaken to study the pathology of pendimethalin and cadmium chloride and to evaluate the different concentration were used as ameliorative agents to reduce theoxidative damage caused by free redicals genreted by toxic pollutants at molecular levels. A total of 5 groups each of 12 rats were formed apart from control group. 2 groups of heavy metal and pesticide and 3 group of ameliorative oxidant in varying concentrations were formed Group T2 was given standard ration along with combination of cadmium chloride at 500 ppm with pendimethalin (38.7%) at 1000 ppm/kg feed, Group T3 was given cadmium chloride at 100ppm/kg feed and P pendimethalin (38.7%) at 1000 ppm/kg feed with standard ration, Group T4 was fed with the combination of cadmium chloride at 50 ppm/kg of feed with pendimethalin at 1000 ppm/kg of feed and alpha tocopherol-selenium at 18 ppm/kg of feed. Lastly group T5 and T6 were given turmeric at 0.5%and 1% concentrations respectively along with the combination of cadmium chloride at 50 ppm with pendimethalin (38.7%) at 1000ppm and alpha tocopherol-selenium at18ppm/kg of feed. During the toxicity studies observation like effect on CNS, effect on locomotors system recorded on the days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of experiment.

Comparative Study on Methotrexate alone Versus Combination Therapy with Methotrexate Plus Chloroquine Plus Low Dose Prednisolone in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the locomotors system that leads to substantial disability, loss of productivity and increased mortality. The Study was conducted among the RA patients based on broad objective of exploring the efficacy and adverse effects of triple combination therapy. This was an open, randomized, prospective study which followed qualitative research method. A total 61 patients were included in the trail. All subjects were randomly selected to combination therapy and MTX group. One patient from each group stopped the drugs due to adverse effects. Finally 59 patients completed the trail. 33 belonged to combination therapy group and 26 to MTX. Combination therapy is the best and easiest than others modifying anti-rheumatic drug used. Combination therapy with Methotrexate, Chloroquine and low dose Prednisolone is better than Methotrexate alone.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(2): 26-29

Correlation between posture and balance in 19-20-year-old Albanian students

Postural control (or balance) can be defined statically as the ability to maintain a base of support with minimal movement, and dynamically as the ability to perform a task while maintaining a stable position (C. J. Winstein, E. R). The development of equilibrium capacities is known to be critical for both the acquisition and the control of motor skills ( Massion. J., 1992) . Since balance control is an essential component for the optimal functioning of any locomotors system (Winter DA et al., 1990), gait and balance control together needs to be investigated in order to correct inappropriate performance and prevent injury. This study focus was to investigate the correlation between posture and balance changes in normal and healthy adolescent’s (boys and girls). A total of 61 subjects (21 females and 40 males) aged 19-20-year-old students, participated on this study. We have conducted a postural screening, which included digital photography in 4 plans (anterior view, right lateral view, posterior view, left lateral view) and postural evaluation with Posture Screen Mobile program were done, was also performed a set of 4 balance tests BT (Balance Test) a) (Rom EO); b) (Rom EC); c) (SemTanEO); d) (SemTanEC); e) (TanEO); f) (TanEC), on Leonardo Mechanography Platform. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 2.0. Results shows that generally all subjects have a good balance and orientation level in all tests (with open and closed eyes). Also based on the results we can say that the correlation between posture and balance changes in ages 19-20 it’s really relevant. T he posture screening and the analysis of balance are of great importance in studies trying to understand the ageing process. Also differences between genders are of great interest especially if a proper exercise program focused in postural improvement can be implemented

The effectiveness of weight-reduction stays at the children´s treatment centre of Křetín

The Children's Treatment Centre of Křetin not only treats obesity, but also respiratory diseases and locomotors system impairments. This study focuses on 25 children who were sent to the Centre by a paediatrician in order to reduce their body weight. These children were prescribed a slimming program which included physical activity and an appropriate diet. The curative stay lasted 4 weeks. After the treatment was over, it may be concluded that all children had reduced their weight. The weight reduction in boys was 4.91 kg and in girls 3.56 kg on average.

Mobile Robot Powered by Solar Cells

Generally, robots are a class of technical systems which imitate or substitute driver or human intellectual functions. This is achieved by the combination of various types of handling equipment or locomotors system, causing the anthropomorphic robot character, the different types of computer equipment, or logical, which determines the intellectual functions thereof. The robots operate in a specific environment, the characteristics of which may remain constant or variable over time. While battery technology is of great interest for mobile robots, but it is not reliable in the time, there are several strategies for the storage of energy (fuel cells and the micro-fuel cell), as well as strategies for harvesting energy from the environment in various ways and energy management using sophisticated control techniques to improve power supply costs. One of these strategies is to use solar energy to power mobile robots. The solar cells appearance is due to the need to supply power spacecraft since not require maintenance for a period of time.

Interaction of the state and public organizations in the management of health-improving and sports activities of disabled persons with the defeat of the locomotors system

Interaction of the state and public organizations in the management of health-improving and sports activities of disabled persons with the defeat of the locomotors system

Symbolic Time Series Analysis of Temporal Gait Dynamics

Signals obtained from biological systems exhibit pronounced complexity. The patterns of change contain valuable information about the dynamics of underlying control mechanism of the complex biological systems. Human gait is a complex process with multiple inputs and numerous outputs. Various complexity analysis tools have been proposed to extract information from human gait time series. In this study, we used recently developed threshold based symbolic entropy to compare the spontaneous output of the human locomotors system during constrained and metronomically paced walking protocols. For that purpose, stride interval time series of healthy subjects who walked for 1 h at normal, slow and fast rates under different conditions was transformed into symbol sequences. Normalized corrected Shannon entropy (NCSE) was computed from the symbol sequences of the stride interval time series. The findings indicated that the unprompted output of human locomotors system is more complex during unconstrained normal walking as compared with slow, fast or metronomically paced walking.

English

BACKGROUND: A major emerging demographic issue of 21st century is the ageing of the population as an inevitable consequence of demographic transition experienced by most countries. Change in socio-economic status and various health problems adversely affect an individual's way of life during old age. Objective: To study the health problems and health related social factors of the elderly in an urban health centre area. Methodology: The study was conducted in Urban Health Centre area of S.N.Medical College, Bagalkot .The total population of UHC was 4500 covering six Anganwadis. All the people who were 60 years and above were studied in that area, who were 244 in all. Study design and variables: A Cross-sectional study. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect information by house to house interview method on Socio-demographic factors and health related factors. Results: The mean age of the study population was 67.0±14.7 (Mean±2SD).Majority (44.7%) of geriatric population belonged to the age group of 60-64 years.62.3% were females. Around one third (36.1%) of them were illiterate. Half (50%) of the elderly were housewives. 44.3% belonged to lower socio-economic status. 46.3% of the study population was having hypertension. 32% of the aged complained of locomotors problems such as joint pain & other musculoskeletal problems. 19.3% of the study population was having a habit of tobacco chewing. Main interfamily problem was related to economic status (27.5%). 29.9% of the elderly solved their problems themselves. Majority (80.7%) of them preferred to stay with their son followed by daughter (7%). 64.3% of the aged spends time by looking after their house. Conclusion: The main health problems among the elderly were hypertension and locomotors system related problems. The social factors associated with elderly were, habits such as tobacco chewing, main reason for interfamily problem was economic related. Therefore elderly people need care and support from the family members and society.

CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS OF GAIT

Researches of biomechanical parameters of gait are carried out at flatfoot, arthritis deformans and consequences of fractures of the lower extremities by an accelerography (study group consisted of 2988 persons). The method is applicable for studying push functions of the lower extremities - sharpness. Results are issued in the form of the table push the accelerations registered in various sites of a body in norm and at flatfoot. The gait accelerograms are presented in norm and at consequences of fractures and arthritis deformans. The analysis of results is carried out. The most informative biomechanics parameters of gait are allocated: angular speed for joints (hailstones/sek); acceleration angular and linear - for muscles (m/sek2); sharpness - for bones (m/sek3). Besides in conclusions amortization functions of the spring arch of foot and muscles of feet and a backbone are reflected, at a pathology directed on decrease push loadings on a head and a brain that is especially appreciable at expressed flatfoot. Thus the biomechanics of movements of a head integrity reflects all set compensative and the adaptive phenomena in locomotors system at a pathology and is an informative indicator of locomotion symmetry Locomotion character makes considerable impact on head and brain biomechanics in norm and at a pathology.

(A345) The Longitudinal Study of Survivors' Daily Lives and Health Conditions after Sichuan Earthquake in China — The Result of the 3rd Year Compared with the 1st Year and 2nd Year Study

ObjectiveTo longitudinally investigates the Survivors' daily lives and healthy condition after Sichuan earthquake in China. This study identifies Survivors' daily lives and health conditions for 3-years.Ethical ConsiderationThe study was conducted after obtaining approval in Ethical Review Board of Sichuan University.MethodThe study was conducted for the survivors who experienced the earthquake and aged 18 years and over, and joined the 1st year and 2nd year study. Questionnaire included the survivors' socio-demographics, impact of disaster and the health status after disaster. The date was analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software.ResultsResults showed the follow-up date which was results of 3-years. The changes of daily lives of survivors for 3-years were fluctuations. As their health conditions in the 3rd year, the following symptoms were decreased: locomotors system disease, respiratory disease, Autoimmunity and endocrine diseases, asthma and allergy, Gout, Irregular menstruation/dysmenorrheal, kidney disease and the others. In contrast, the following symptoms were increased: cardiac disease, weight gain/less, hypertension, diabetes, and liver disease. About their self-rated health, “Not healthy” at 3rd year was 26.4%. Compared with the 1st year and 2nd year results, it has taken a turn for the significantly better (1st year 49.9%; 2nd year 35.1%). With regard to the psychological condition, the Positive response of IES-R at 3rd year was 11.6%. Compared with the 1st year and 2nd year results, the Positive response of IES-R significantly decrease (1st year 49.8; 2nd year 31.8%. p < 0.001, by Pearson Chi-square).ConclusionAfter 3rd year of the Sichuan earthquake disaster, the survivors' physical and psychological conditions have improved compared to 1st year and 2nd year results. However most of the survivors still had some health problems in their health. Our local nursing authorities still need to go on their health promotion, which can further improve the survivors' health status.