Location Of Future Events Research Articles

Is the future near or far depending on the verb tense markers used? An experimental investigation into the effects of the grammaticalization of the future.

Psycholinguistic approaches that study the effects of language on mental representations have ignored a potential role of the grammaticalization of the future (i.e., how the future manifests linguistically). We argue that the grammaticalization of the future may be an important aspect, as thinking about the future is omnipresent in our everyday life. The aim of this study was to experimentally manipulate the degree of future time references (i.e., present and future verb tense and temporal adverbials) to address their impact on the perceived location of future events. Across four experiments, two in French and two in German, no effect was found, irrespective of our verb and adverbial manipulations, and contrary to our hypotheses. Bayes factors confirmed that our null effects were not due to a lack of power. We present one of the first empirical accounts investigating the role of the grammaticalization of the future on effects of mental representations. We discuss possible reasons for these null results and illustrate further avenues for future research.

Searching for Paralympians: Characteristics of Participants Attending "Search" Events.

Initiatives have been designed to attract novice athletes and to enable transfer for experienced athletes. However, the authors have very little knowledge of the effectiveness of these programs. To further improve our understanding, this study explored the demographic and sporting careers of 225 participants attending one of the 10 Paralympian Search events held between 2016 and 2018. The sample consisted of participants with a wide range of impairments and sport experiential backgrounds. The majority of the participants reported having some experience in sports, suggesting that either the promotions reached athletes involved in sports already or the advertising appealed especially to this cohort. Athletes with impairments acquired at various stages of their lives (congenital, before adolescence, adolescence, early adulthood, and adulthood) displayed differences in their sporting trajectories, suggesting considerations for current developmental models. Furthermore, it should be considered to vary the testing locations of future events to increase the reach to rural areas and implement new methods to attract novice participants.

The exacerbating effect of police presence: A multivariate point process analysis of the Naxal conflict

The effect of police presence is an important consideration when designing counter-insurgency activities. While there has been much empirical research investigating the effects of counter-insurgency in a military setting, the effect of police presence in countering political dissidents has seen more limited attention. We argue that police presence at violent events is likely to exacerbate subsequent levels of violence rather than reduce them. To assess the validity of this claim we analyze a unique police dataset from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, which details the timing and location of police-recorded politically motivated violent offenses attributed to Naxals over a ten year period. The data also includes an indicator to determine whether or not police are present at each event, which we use to measure the exacerbating effect of police presence. Our analytical strategy is inspired by recent literature concerning crime and political violence that examine event interdependence at disaggregated levels of analysis. We calibrate a series of novel multivariate point process models, which are designed to test a series of hypotheses. Our results show that: 1) the Naxal conflict displays patterns of spatio-temporal clustering; 2) police presence at violent events exacerbated the conflict, leading to more events than would have otherwise occurred, at least in the short term; and 3) the space-time regularities can be usefully employed to predict the likely locations of future events.

Forecasting Organized Crime Homicides: Risk Terrain Modeling of Camorra Violence in Naples, Italy.

Mafia homicides are usually committed for retaliation, economic profit, or rivalry among groups. The variety of possible reasons suggests the inefficacy of a preventive approach. However, like most violent crimes, mafia homicides concentrate in space due to place-specific social and environmental features. Starting from the existing literature, this study applies the Risk Terrain Modeling approach to forecast the Camorra homicides in Naples, Italy. This approach is based on the identification and evaluation of the underlying risk factors able to affect the risk of a homicide. This information is then used to predict the most likely location of future events. The findings of this study demonstrate that past homicides, drug dealing, confiscated assets, and rivalries among groups make it possible to predict up to 85% of 2012 mafia homicides, identifying 11% of city areas at highest risk. By contrast, variables controlling for the socio-economic conditions of areas are not significantly related to the risk of homicide. Moreover, this study shows that, even in a restricted space, the same risk factors may combine in different ways, giving rise to areas of equal risk but requiring targeted remedies. These results provide an effective basis for short- and long-term targeted policing strategies against organized crime- and gang-related violence. A similar approach may also provide practitioners, policy makers, and local administrators in other countries with significant support in understanding and counteracting also other forms of violent behavior by gangs or organized crime groups.

Pattern recognition of seismogenic nodes using Kohonen self-organizing map: example in west and south west of Alborz region in Iran

Pattern recognition of seismic and morphostructural nodes plays an important role in seismic hazard assessment. This is a known fact in seismology that tectonic nodes are prone areas to large earthquake and have this potential. They are identified by morphostructural analysis. In this study, the Alborz region has considered as studied case and locations of future events are forecast based on Kohonen Self-Organized Neural Network. It has been shown how it can predict the location of earthquake, and identifies seismogenic nodes which are prone to earthquake of M5.5+ at the West of Alborz in Iran by using International Institute Earthquake Engineering and Seismology earthquake catalogs data. First, the main faults and tectonic lineaments have been identified based on MZ (land zoning method) method. After that, by using pattern recognition, we generalized past recorded events to future in order to show the region of probable future earthquakes. In other word, hazardous nodes have determined among all nodes by new catalog generated Self-organizing feature maps (SOFM). Our input data are extracted from catalog, consists longitude and latitude of past event between 1980–2015 with magnitude larger or equal to 4.5. It has concluded node D1 is candidate for big earthquakes in comparison with other nodes and other nodes are in lower levels of this potential.

Letter From the Chair of the ACCWS

Dear Colleagues, This is an exciting time for us at the American College of Certified Wound Specialists. As we continue to make our way toward increasing membership through our regional directors meetings, we are proud to announce the birth of our journal. As you enjoy reading our historic first issue of the Journal of the American College of Certified Wound Specialists in January 2009, I would like to acknowledge the efforts put in by our editor-in-chief, Dr. Steve Abraham, and our assistant editor-in-chief, Kari Madison Bechert, MPT. Without their dedication, this project wouldn't have been possible. Also, I would like to thank the review board members of the journal for their help in reviewing submitted manuscripts. Of course, many thanks go to the authors who contributed to this historic issue. I encourage you to send your interesting basic and clinical science papers related to wound care and wound healing in general to be reviewed for potential publication in our journal. We thank our publishing company, Elsevier, for their support throughout this long process. This journal will be considered for indexing at the end of the year 2009, and the papers previously published will be indexed in retrospect. We are determined to make this journal, your journal, the leading voice on wound care. Our goal is to present the latest advances in wound care to the providers, which will ultimately improve patient care and outcome. As previously mentioned, our regional directors continue to offer regional meetings to provide education to the wound care community and increase membership. Other educational courses on wound care are being offered nationwide. Continuing medical education credits and continuing education units are offered for these events. Please refer to the college Web site for more information on dates and locations of future events. Our third annual membership meeting, held in conjunction with the Clinical Symposium on Advances in Skin and Wound Care, in Las Vegas, Nevada, was a complete success. It is our goal that in the near future we will hold our annual membership meetings independently. The American Academy of Wound Management is developing a board certification examination on wound care for physicians. The examination will be offered at nationwide locations for the first time during the year 2009. Our goal is to make board certification in wound care a requirement, as it is in all other specialties, with the goal of improving patient care, outcome, and safety. We will keep you updated on the progress of this process. I would like to congratulate and welcome to our family the five new board of directors members. Finally, I would like to thank you for your support to the College. The American College of Certified Wound Specialists is the only membership organization that represents a multidisciplinary group of certified wound specialists. Sincerely,

Large‐scale relocation of two decades of Northern California seismicity using cross‐correlation and double‐difference methods

We simultaneously reanalyzed two decades (1984–2003) of the digital seismic archive of Northern California using waveform cross‐correlation (CC) and double‐difference (DD) methods to improve the resolution in hypocenter locations in the existing earthquake catalog generated at the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) by up to three orders of magnitude. We used a combination of ∼3 billion CC differential times measured from all correlated pairs of events that are separated by less than 5 km and ∼7 million P wave arrival‐time picks listed in the NCSN bulletin. Data were inverted for precise relative locations of 311,273 events using the DD method. The relocated catalog is able to image the fine‐scale structure of seismicity associated with active faults and revealed characteristic spatiotemporal structures such as streaks and repeating earthquakes. We found that 90% of the earthquakes have correlated P wave and S wave trains at common stations and that 12% are colocated repeating events. An analysis of the repeating events indicates that uncertainties at the 95% confidence level in the existing network locations are on average 0.7 km laterally and 2 km vertically. Correlation characteristics and relative location improvement are remarkably similar across most of Northern California, implying the general applicability of these techniques to image high‐resolution seismicity caused by a variety of plate tectonic and anthropogenic processes. We show that consistent long‐term seismic monitoring and data archiving practices are key to increase resolution in existing hypocenter catalogs and to estimate the precise location of future events on a routine basis.

A layered model of the upper crust in the Aigion region of Greece, inferred from arrival times of the 2001 earthquake sequence

The western part of the Gulf of Corinth attracts attention due to its seismically active fault system and considerable seismic hazard. Detailed studies of the seismic activity of the region have been carried out especially as part of the so-called Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) Project. For standard earthquake locations, the CRL uses the HYPO algorithm and a special structural model that is composed of homogeneous layers (Rigo et al., 1996). This model was derived from a passive seismic experiment in a broader area around the western part of the Gulf. A significant part of the seismic activity is concentrated close to the town of Aigion, which was damaged by a strong earthquake in 1995. A sequence of smaller earthquakes occurred to the south of this town in the year 2001. In the present paper, we have used this sequence to derive an improved structural model for the region in the vicinity of the town of Aigion. This new model is based on the minimization of travel-time residuals. In particular, we used arrival times from a subset of 88 events recorded by at least 5 stations of the southern part of the CRL network, had magnitudes of over 2.3, and were recorded at the nearest station (station code AIO). A variant of the method of conjugate gradients has been used for this purpose. In comparison with the model derived by Rigo et al. (1996), the new model is characterized by a higher νP/νS velocity ratio and by higher velocities to a depth of about 7 km. The new model was derived with the aim to get more accurate locations of future events in the vicinity of the town of Aigion.

The July 28, 1984 southwestern Nigeria earthquake and its implications for the understanding of the tectonic structure of Nigeria

On 28th July, 1984 at about 12 hours 13 m UT an earthquake with an epicentral intensity of about VI occurred in the southwestern part of Nigeria, an area that has always been believed to be seismically inactive. This event was recorded at the LAMTO seismic observatory in Ivory Coast and its epicentre was located at around Ijebu-Ode. In Nigeria, the event was recorded only by a temporary monitoring station at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in Zaria, a distance of about 640 km from the epicentre. Two subsequent tremors that were reported in Ijebu-Ode in early August, 1984 were not recorded at Ahmadu Bello University. Geological, geophysical and geodynamic studies indicate the possibility of the existence of large fracture zones trending generally in the NE-SW direction across the country. The recent earthquakes in southwestern Nigeria could therefore be evidence to support the existence of the Pelusium megashear system or similar fracture zones that penetrate deep into the continental crust of West Africa. There is therefore a need for more adequate coverage of the area by seismic stations to permit a precise location of future events and detailed data analysis which would help in identifying area where large scale crustal adjustments might be taking place.