Location Of Water Bodies Research Articles

Russian-Kazakh transboundary water bodies: typology, dynamics, economic significance

The issues related to transboundary reservoirs in the state border zone of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan are analysed and their typology is articulated. Issues concerning the legal definition of the concept of "transboundary water body" in the legislation of the two countries are outlined. As a result of comparative decoding of differenttime images of remote satellite sensing of the earth, border sections where the course of rivers change were identified.Aim. To analyse and classify transboundary water bodies on sections of the state border of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify problematic situations.Material and Methods. The study of these transboundary water bodies was carried out on the basis of both the analysis of interstate agreements on the delineation of the border of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, the use of cartographic methods and the analysis of retrospective satellite images.Results. Inconsistencies in the level of legal definition of the concept of "transboundary water body" in the legislation of the two countries are shown. Transboundary water bodies on the state border of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan have been identified and classified. Based on a retrospective analysis of satellite images, problematic situations arising from changes in the location of water bodies as a result of channel deformations of transboundary rivers and fluctuation of lakes have been identified.Conclusions. According to the results of this work, all waterbodies located in the state border zone along its entire length have been identified. A typology of these has been carried out and the length of boundary watercourse sections has been established. Using the example of the transborder Ural River, the situation of the section of the river along which the state border lies is shown with an analysis of the changes in the channel and their dynamics.

The Role of Habitat Protection in Maintaining the Diversity of Aquatic Fauna in Rural and Industrial Areas

In Natural Landscape Complexes and Ecological Sites, local environmental protection is used to cover previous industrial activities, fragments of the cultural landscape, and habitats of both vertebrates and invertebrates. In water bodies within the different types of habitat protection, aquatic invertebrate fauna was studied to investigate whether it is a general rule that different forms of protection ensure the diversity of aquatic invertebrates in rural and industrial areas. The research revealed differences between invertebrate assemblages within complexes and between reservoirs. Compared with unprotected reservoirs located in the same area, in the majority of the studied water bodies, either no alien species were found or their relative abundance in assemblages was very low. Significant differences in the density, the number of taxa, the diversity, and the percentage of alien species were observed between different geographical locations. The location of water bodies within the protected area plays an important role in maintaining benthos diversity in industrial areas. These findings are useful for comparison with those of future research to document possible improvements or ongoing ecological regression in the quality of aquatic ecosystems in industrial areas. This study can help guide revisions of protected habitat networks for adequate protection of freshwater biodiversity in industrial areas.

Heavy metals in coastal soils and sediments of the ponds in Samara

The total contents of Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in foreshore soils and bottom sediments of 20 ponds have been investigated for the first time in Samara by the method of spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. It is shown that polymetallic pollution of coastal soils and bottom sediments of 16 ponds out of 20 considered is acceptable; 3 ponds, located in the 13th microdistrict (small pond) and on the Solnechnaya street (large and small ponds), are characterized by moderately hazardous pollution with heavy metals; 1 pond, located in the area of the former Hippodrome, has a high level of pollution of coastal soils. Cu, Zn and Pb should be considered to be the main elements that significantly affected the ecological state of coastal soils and bottom sediments of the studied ponds. Their content in selected samples ranged: from 0,3 to 20,3 for Cu, from 0,2 to 14,9 units for Zn, from 0,2 to 25,2 units of background concentrations to Pb. The analysis of heavy metals average levels in coastal soils and bottom sediments of Samara ponds showed, that bottom sediments were enriched with all analyzed metals except Mn in comparison with coastal soils, whereas Mn was accumulated to upper levels in coastal soils. The location of water bodies in various parts of the urban area relief caused differences between the levels of heavy metals accumulation. For instance, the coastal soils of the ponds located on the watershed between the Saratov reservoir and the Samara River accumulated heavy metals more actively than the coastal soils of the ponds on the Volga slope. The accumulation of heavy metals in bottom sediments on the watershed was more active for Mn, Cr, Zn and Cd whereas in the ponds on the Volga slope it was shown for Ni, Cu and Pb.

NutSpaFHy—A Distributed Nutrient Balance Model to Predict Nutrient Export from Managed Boreal Headwater Catchments

Responsible forest management requires accounting for adverse environmental effects, such as increased nutrient export to water courses. We constructed a spatially-distributed nutrient balance model NutSpaFHy that extends the hydrological model SpaFHy by introducing a grid-based nutrient balance sub-model and a conceptual solute transport routine to approximate total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export to streams. NutSpaFHy uses openly-available Multi-Source National Forest Inventory data, soil maps, topographic databases, location of water bodies, and meteorological variables as input, and computes nutrient processes in monthly time-steps. NutSpaFHy contains two calibrated parameters both for N and P, which were optimized against measured N and P concentrations in runoff from twelve forested catchments distributed across Finland. NutSpaFHy was independently tested against six catchments. The model produced realistic nutrient exports. For one catchment, we simulated 25 scenarios, where clear-cuts were located differently with respect to distance to water body, location on mineral or peat soil, and on sites with different fertility. Results indicate that NutSpaFHy can be used to identify current and future nutrient export hot spots, allowing comparison of logging scenarios with variable harvesting area, location and harvest techniques, and to identify acceptable scenarios that preserve the wood supply whilst maintaining acceptable level of nutrient export.

To the question of the relationship between the diversity index and the saprobity index in algae and invertebrates

A description is given of the process of creating an empirical model of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, its indicators, and the limits of the parameters related to progressive succession stages when considering the effects of pollution. In addition to the previously used data for autotrophs, the parameters of the diversity of consumers are included in the model. The overestimation of impact assessments based on the second trophic level is discussed. Based on the data of the private allotment of water bodies of Ukraine, a conclusion is drawn on the conformity of estimates regardless of the geographical location of water bodies and on the suitability of interpretations for water ecosystems of a wide ecological spectrum.

Water Bodies as a Catalyst to Growth and Development- The Case of Kodungallur Town, Kerala

The evolution and growth of cities and towns are primarily dependent on three important factors- Its geographic location, physical environment and its socio-economic environment. The presence of water in various forms in its natural setting plays an important role in enhancing the quality of physical environment and the socio-economic environment. During the processes of growth and expansion of cities and towns, the location of water bodies are seen by the planners and policy makers as liability and constrain rather than an asset or a resource. The development projects very often ignore the conservation of water bodies and transform them into other developments. Hence, the preservation, conservation and rejuvenation of water bodies in urban areas are important. The major factor that contributes to the sustainable development of an area is its water bodies. Moreover, presence of water bodies give added social, psychological and environment value. It includes (a) enhancing the aesthetic quality and place quality, thereby contributing to the image of the city or town (b)enhancing the social and recreational value and thus increasing the livability of the residents and land value many fold.In this paper the authors have made an attempt to (a) bring the importance of water bodies in an urban area to sustain its eco system (b) bringthe different ways by which the water bodies have acted as a catalyst to the growth and development of the town and (c) highlight the issues and potentials of the existing water bodies and (d) formulate strategies for sustainable development of town. These aspects are covered, in relation to a case study area Kodungallur town in Kerala State. In brief, the Kodungallur town is a culturally rich historical temple town of central Kerala. The town has its unique geographical advantage, historical and cultural importance and immense potential for growth and development.

Lacustrine deposits in northern part of the Knyszyńska Forest - the remains of water bodies

The aim of this study was to delimit lacustrine deposits underlaying present peatlands. On this basis, the location of water bodies in late Pleistocene and early Holocene was recognized. The lakes’ occurrence was presented on the background of geomorphological conditions. Lacustrine deposits occur mainly in depressions of the northern part of the Knyszynska Forest. They are placed in upper parts of the Czapielowka River, Jalowka River, middle Sokolda River and upper Kumialka River catchments. The thickness of gyttja varies between 0.4 and 2.5 m. These are detrital, calcareous and clay-calcareous gyttjas. Lacustrine sediments fill the bottoms of various meltout depressions. The origin of these depressions, as well as the whole glacial relief of the terrain, is often linked to deglaciation of the Warta ice sheet. However, kame deposits in the Janow village are younger than Warta glaciation. Moreover, the catchment relief of the upper Kumialka River is similar to the relief which originates from Vistulian glaciation. Besides, there are boulder deposits directly under the lacustrine deposits. These three facts indicate a younger age of the melt-out depressions in the upper Kumialka River catchment.