Location Of Shunt Capacitors Research Articles

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems: A Two-Stage Method

Optimal allocation of shunt capacitors in the radial distribution networks results in both technical and economic benefits. This paper presents a two-stage method of Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) to find the optimal size and location of shunt capacitors with the objective of minimizing cost due to power loss and reactive power compensation of the distribution networks.
 The first stage utilizes the LSF to predict the potential candidate buses for shunt capacitor placement thereby reducing the search space of the second stage and avoiding unnecessary repetitive load flow while the second stage uses the CSA to find the size and actual placement of the shunt capacitors satisfying the operating constraints.
 The applicability of the proposed two stage method is tested on the standard IEEE 33-bus and Ayepe 34-bus Nigerian radial distribution networks of the Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company. After running the algorithm, the simulation results gave percentage real and reactive power loss reduction of 34.28% and 28.94% as compared to the base case for the IEEE 33-bus system while the percentage real and reactive power loss reduction of 22.89% and 21.40% was recorded for the Ayepe 34-bus system.
 Comparison of the obtained results with other techniques in literatures for the standardized IEEE 33-bus reveals the efficiency of the proposed method as it achieved technical benefits of reduced total power loss, improved voltage profile and bus voltage stability, and the economic benefit of reduced total cost due to electrical power loss and compensation.

Optimal Sizing and Location of Shunt Capacitors in Medium Voltage Underground Power Cables: A Case of Minimum Cost

This paper introduces a method to determine optimal sizing and location of shunt capacitors in medium voltage Underground Power Cables or in distribution system. To execute this method, two models of standard branch and the Newton-Raphson method are also mentioned to analyze and determine values of bus voltage and currents going through lines in whole system. The EN 50160 standard is introduced to evaluate all operational parameters and propose solutions to reduce risks. In additionally, the cost function method is introduced basing on cost of purchasing compensative device, power loss in own compensators and whole system after compensating. By considering partial derivative of cost function with respect to variables, optimal sizing and location of shunt capacitors can be determined for all buses in the system. Analyzing the system by using the Newton-Raphson method in stable mode, all operational parameters are evaluated to see the benefit of placing capacitors in some criterions: reduce the current going through all lines and increase value of bus voltage in whole system. Theory research are verified by simulation results carried out in Matlab 2016 software.

Shunt capacitor placement in radial distribution networks considering switching transients decision making approach

This paper provides a new approach in decision making process for shunt capacitor placement in distribution networks. The main core of the evaluation process is a multi-objective framework to allocate the capacitor banks. The power loss and the total harmonic distortion (THD) are the objective functions of the system under study in a long-term planning horizon. In order to select the executive plan introduced by using a multi-objective model, transient switching overvoltages have been considered. As the size and location of shunt capacitors may result in unacceptable overvoltages, the proposed technical decision making framework can be applied to avoid corresponding damages. In this paper, an iterative conventional power flow technique is introduced. This technique can be applied to evaluate THD for distribution networks as well as other power flow based objectives, such as power losses calculation and voltage stability assessment. The presented framework is a two stage one where at the first stage, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) augmented with a local search technique is used in order to solve the addressed multi-objective optimization problem. Then, at the second stage, a decision making support technique is applied to determine the best solution from the obtained Pareto front. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, two benchmarks are addressed in this paper. The first test system is a 9-bus distribution network and the second one is an 85-bus large scale distribution network. The simulation results show that the presented method is satisfactory and consistent with the expectation.

Optimal placement of capacitors in radial distribution system using shark smell optimization algorithm

Abstract Optimal size and location of shunt capacitors in the distribution system plays a significant role in minimizing the energy loss and the cost of reactive power compensation. This paper presents a new efficient technique to find optimal size and location of shunt capacitors with the objective of minimizing cost due to energy loss and reactive power compensation of distribution system. A new Shark Smell Optimization (SSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal capacitor placement problem satisfying the operating constraints. The SSO algorithm is a recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm conceptualized using the shark’s hunting ability. It uses a momentum incorporated gradient search and a rotational movement based local search for optimization. To demonstrate the applicability of proposed method, it is tested on IEEE 34-bus and 118-bus radial distribution systems. The simulation results obtained are compared with previous methods reported in the literature and found to be encouraging.

Quadratic programming approach to reactive power optimization on the primary feeders

In this paper we suggest the use of the quadratic programming technique to determine the optimum size and location of shunt capacitors on radial distribution feeders so as to maximize overall savings, including the cost of capacitors. The saving function which is of quadratic form is maximized for a set of linear inequality constraints by using quadratic programming. — For quadratic programming, efficient alogrithms have been developed which can easily be implemented on digital computers. — The approach is illustrated by an application to a typical distribution feeder of 23 kV.

Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors on Distribution Feeders

The reactive power flow in utility systems produces losses which utility engineers try to keep at a minimum with the installation of capacitor banks. Load flow studies usually furnish a good indication of where they will render maximum benefit. In many instances, they can be installed on primary feeders. A study is made of the optimum location, size, and timing of capacitor banks on feeders with uniformly distributed loads and randomly distributed variable spot loads to evaluate the reduction in costs of active and reactive losses where voltage regulation is no problem. A new simplifying principle is established, taking moments of the loads with respect to feeder resistances or reactances. The equations developed can be used in preparing computer programs for capacitor applications.