Location Of Nutrient Foramen Research Articles

A Study on Morphological Features of Nutrient Foramen of the Tibia in Human Population of South Bihar Region

Background: Tibia is weight-bearing long bone. Nutrient arteries are the prime source of blood supply for any long bone including tibia. A study of dimensions and location of nutrient foramen and direction of the nutrient artery canal can give an insight into the role that these arteries play in development and sustenance of bone. The objective of the study was to present the morphological features of nutrient foramen of the tibia in South Bihar region. Materials and Methods: Sixty tibias (30 of each side) were used for the study. Morphometric analysis of bones was done to find out number, position, and direction of nutrient foramen. We did a comparative study of our findings with observation of previous workers. Results: All bones had nutrient foramen. Five percent had double while 95% bones had single foramen. Nutrient canal was directed downward in all bones except one. In 84.13% of bones, nutrient foramen was on the posterior surface; foramen was lateral to the soleal line in 81.13% of these bones. 80.95% of the foramens were situated in the superior third of the tibial shaft. Conclusion: Knowledge about possible variations in number, position, and direction of nutrient canal can be of use for preservation of nutrient vessels during surgical procedures as well as in prognostic evaluation of the treatment given.

A Study on Variations of Nutrient Foramen of Fibula in Saurashtra Region with its Clinical Relevance

Introduction: Nutrient foramen is an opening into shaft of fibula which gives passage to the blood vessels of medullary cavity. The knowledge of nutrient foramen is important in surgical procedures like bone grafting and more recently in microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation. Objective: To determine the number, location and direction of nutrient foramen and whether the nutrient foramens obey the rule of ossification, that is directed away from the growing end of the bone or not.  Subjects and Methods: The present study consisted of 150 (75 right and 75 left) dried fibula bones excluding any fracture or pathological abnormalities Number and direction of nutrient foramen was observed in each fibula. Location of nutrient foramen in relation with surfaces and zones of fibula was determined. Results: It has been observed that 96.67% of the fibula had a single nutrient foramen, 3.33% double foramen and no bone had 0 nutrient foramen. It was concluded that 98.71% of the nutrient foramina were present on the posterior surface and 1.29 % on medial crest. It was also concluded that most (98.06%) of the foramina present in the zone II followed by zone III (1.29%) then by zone I (0.65%). All foramina were directed toward the upper end of fibula. Conclusion: By knowing the number and location of the nutrient foramina in fibula would be useful in preventing intra-operative injury of nutrient artery during orthopedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery and will also be relevant in medico legal practice.

Study Of Nutrient Foramina In Adult Human Femur Bones

Background: The role of nutrient foramen (NF) in nutrition and growth of the bones is evident from term Nutrient itself. The nutrient foramen is opening of nutrient canal on the surface of shaft of the bone which conducts the nutrient artery and the peripheral nerves to bones. Long bones receive most of the interosseous blood supply (70% to 80%) from the nutrient arteries and remaning (20% to 30%) through the periosteal vessels. Nutrient arteries play an important role in nutrition and growth of the bones particularly during early phases of ossification and growth. The present study is of great importance to orthopedic surgeons in planning repair of fracture, amputation and bone grafting procedures.Aim and objective of study: A study regarding nutrient foramina in femur was not conducted in the past in Nepal. Its importance in orthopedic procedures has inspired us to undertake this study.Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 100 adult dry femur bones (50 right and 50 left). All the important parameters were studied using osteometric board, vernier calipers, and needles of different gauges.Results: Mean distance of nutrient foramen from upper end was 18.09 cms. The most common location of NF was on lateral surface 58.8%. In 71% femur only one NF was seen, while 25% had two NF, 1% femur had three NF and 3% femur had no NFs. In 64.5% femur big size or dominant NFs were seen in present study.Conclusions: The findings of this study on nutrient foramen adds to the information from studies in the past by other authors. The fact that maximum number of the nutrient foramina are present in the middle third of the shaft of the femur is of clinical importance for proper diagnosis, planning of surgery and predict the prognosis. JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 44-49

Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Lower Limb Long Bones

Background: The major blood supply to long bone is from the nutrient arteries, which enter through nutrient foramina. Nutrient foramen is an opening into the bone shaft which give passage to the blood vessels of the medullary cavity of a bone The direction of the nutrient foramen of all bones is away from growing end and has a particular position for each bone. Objective: The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult lower limb long bones. Material and Method: The study was performed on 150 lower limb long bones which included 50 femora, 50 tibiae and 50 fibulae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar. Results: The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different lower limb long bones. In femur double and triple foramina were observed. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in femur and fibula. Conclusion: The topographical knowledge of these foramina is useful in certain operative procedures, in orthopedics as well as in plastic and reconstructive surgery, to avoid damage to the nutrient vessels.

A study of nutrient foramina in dry adult radii of South Indian subjects

Background : Vascular insults to the humerus either during fracture dislocation or during surgical correction of fracture may result in delayed healing or non-union of fracture. It is worth to find the number and size of nutrient foramina. The knowledge regarding the nutrient foramina helps to protect them during conservative operative procedures of the bone, thus to concentrate upon the viability of the fractured fragments. Objectives: To observe the location of nutrient foramina with reference to the different segments of shaft of humerus, to note variations in number, direction and size of the nutrient foramina. Further to examine if a correlation exists between the length of humerus and number of vascular foramina and nutrient foramina. Materials and methods : The study was undertaken on 200 dry normal adult humerus bones. Observations were made using Hepburn's osteometric board and hypodermic needles of different gauges. Statistical methods (SPSS) were used to analyze these observations. Results: The location of nutrient foramen was more in the middle 1/3rd of antero¬medial surface. Majority of humeri showed one nutrient foramen, whereas there were 2 to 3 foramina in few humeri. Conclusion: This study will help in planning the surgical treatment of fracture of humerus which will possibly reduce the post-operative complications

Anatomical study of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human adult humerus

Purpose: The objective of the following study is to determine the variation in diaphyseal nutrient foramen (NF) of humerus with respect to their number, location, direction and size. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 humeri. The number and direction of diaphyseal NF were observed in all bones with the help of a hand lens. Position was described into horizontal and vertical zones; caliber was determined using hypodermic needles. Foraminal index was also calculated. Results: The mean length of humerus observed in the present study was 30.7 cm. The NF was situated at 17.8 cm from the proximal end, 12.4 cm from the distal end and ~2.9 cm below the mid length of humerus. The mean foramina index and circumference of NF was 57.7 and 6.2 cm respectively. Majority of the humeri (77%) had single NF while in 3% of humeri NF was absent. Middle one-third and on the antero-medial surface of the humerus was the most common location of the foramen. Majority of the dominant foramen was large in size and all were directing toward the distal end. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation indicate that there is variation in the number, location and size of NF in humeri among Indian population. An accurate knowledge of the location of the NF in long bones can be useful in certain surgical procedures such as bone grafting, microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation and in fractures.

Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Upper Limb Long Bones

The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.

A study of nutrient foramina in dry adult humeri of South Indian subjects

Abstract Background : Vascular insults to the humerus either during fracture dislocation or during surgical correction of fracture may result in delayed healing or non-union of fracture. It is worth to find the number and size of nutrient foramina. The know ledge regarding the nutrien foramina helps to protect them during conservative operative procedures of the bone, thus to concentrate upon the viability of the fractured fragments. Objectives: To observe the location of nutrient foramina with reference to the different segments of shaft of humerus,to note variations in number, direction and size of the nutrient foramina. Further to examine if a correlation exists between the length of humerus and number of vascular foramina and nutrient foramina. Materials and methods : The study was undertaken on 200 dry normal dult humerus bones. Observations were made using Hepburn's osteometric board and hypodermic needles of different gauges. Statistical methods (SPSS) were used to analyze these observations. Results: The location of nutrient foramen was more in the middle 113rd of antero-medial surface. Majority of humeri showed one nutrient foramen, whereas there were 2 to 3 foramina in few humeri. Conclusion: This study will help in planning the surgical treatment of fracture of humerus which will possibly reduce the post-operative complications.

A study of nutrient foramina in dry adult humeri of South Indian subjects

Background: Vascular insults to the humerus either during fracture dislocation or during surgical correction of fracture may result in delayed healing or non-union of fracture. It is worth to find the number and size of nutrient foramina. The knowledge regarding the nutrient foramina helps to protect them during conservative operative procedures of the bone, thus to concentrate upon the viability of the fractured fragments. Objectives: To observe the location of nutrient foramina with reference to the different segments of shaft of humerus, to note variations in number, direction and size of the nutrient foramina. Further to examine if a correlation exists between the length of humerus and number of vascular foramina and nutrient foramina. Materials and methods: The study was undertaken on 200 dry normal adult humerus bones. Observations were made using Hepburn’s osteometric board and hypodermic needles of different gauges. Statistical methods (SPSS) were used to analyze these observations. Results: The location of nutrient foramen was more in the middle l/3rd of antero- medial surface. Majority of humeri showed one nutrient foramen, whereas there were 2 to 3 foramina in few humeri. Conclusion: This study will help in planning the surgical treatment of fracture of humerus which will possibly reduce the post-operative complications.