Location Of Inferior Alveolar Canal Research Articles

Radiological assessment of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography for pre-operative evaluation of surgeries in the mandible: A single-center five-year retrospective study

IntroductionCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays a significant role in studying the anatomical structures of the mandible. AimThis retrospective study aimed to assess the role of CBCT at the pre-assessment stage of mandibular surgery. Materials and methodsA total of 250 CBCT images were collected. The inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and mental foramen (MF) were measured bilaterally to the mandibular teeth apexes, including molars, premolars, and canines, to the buccal, lingual cortical bone, and to the inferior border of the mandible. ResultsThere were no differences in the average number of extracted teeth between the right and left sides (P-value > 0.05, median = three teeth). It was noticed that the average measures of each point of the IAC and MF on the right side were closely matched to the similar point on the left side (P-value > 0.05). T-tests showed that there were differences between males and females on the M2 and M3 on the right side (P-value < 0.05) and on the M1, M2, and M3 on the left side (P-value < 0.05). Using one-way ANOVA tests, results showed that there were some differences in measures at P0 (F = 3.376, P-value = 0.003), P4 (F = 3.782, P-value = 0.001) on the right side, and at P3 (F = 5.620, P-value = 0.019) on the left side of the mandible. ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in IAC and MF positions between the right and left sides.However, between males and females, MF measurements showed significant differences on some points on the right and left sides. Although the history of extracted teeth showed no statistically significant difference in the location of IAC and MF, the number of extracted teeth showed an effect in the IAC position on the right and left sides, but not with the MF.

Assessment of the anterior and caudal extent of inferior alveolar nerve canal, location of inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen, and the depth of submandibular fossa using computed tomography.

Background:A well-versed knowledge of the precise location of various anatomical landmarks is necessary to avoid complications during surgery. The study was conducted for the assessment of the anterior and caudal extent of the inferior alveolar nerve canal, location of inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen, and the depth of the submandibular fossa using computed tomography (CT).Materials and Methods:One hundred CT scans were randomly selected for this study accounting for 200 hemimandibles. Both axial and coronal images were obtained and evaluated concurrently. Results were subjected to statistical analysis for correct inferences.Results:A total of 200 hemimandibles (n = 200) from 100 patients with a mean age was 23.89 ± 1.75 years ranging from 21 to 33 years were evaluated. The mean length of the anterior loop was 0.95 mm for all of the observation combined and measurement range from 0 to 5.1 mm. The total frequency of type I, type II, and type III of mental nerve was found as 71%, 4.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. At the level of the first molar, the mean distance from the center of the inferior alveolar canal to the external surface of the buccal cortex (Q) was 5.44 ± 1.38 mm ranging from 2.4 to 10.4 mm. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in MF-IMB (mental foramen to the inferior border of mandible) between the right and left sides of the mandible. (P = 0.87).Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that analyzing CT scans using the methods described in this study can be a useful tool in avoiding the iatrogenic injuries to inferior alveolar nerve and arteries during various maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Localization of inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen in the mandible among implant patients: A computerized tomographic study

Purpose: Assessment of location of vital anatomic structures is required while enterprising quality dental care. In this study, an assessment of the location of inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and mental foramen (MF) in the mandible was done by using computed tomography (CT). An attempt was done to compare the variation in the location in various age groups. Materials and Methods: The mean location of the IAC and MF from the alveolar crest was done on 30 patients by using cross-sectional CT. A comparison of the mean distance in the three age groups was done by using ANOVA. Results: The mean distance of the superior border of the IAC upto the alveolar crest of the mandibular second premolar was at 12.56 on the right side and 12.65 on the left side. The mean distance of mandibular first molar was up to about 12.29 mm on the right side and 12.71 on the left side. Mandibular second molar showed the mean distance of 11.97 mm on the right side and 11.94 mm on the left side. The mean distance of the superior border of the MF upto the alveolar crest was at 11.99 mm on the right side and 12.20 mm on the left side. A comparison between the three age groups showed a statistical difference (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Assessment of vital anatomic structures for its presence and distribution is important in the preoperative planning of dental implants so as to avoid bleeding due to damage of vessels within the jaw. The mean distance of the IAC with respect to the alveolar crest was decreasing as it was moving posteriorly.