Local Tribes Research Articles

Exploring the Role of Folklore in Sustaining Cultural Tourism in Meghalaya

Meghalaya, known for its colourful customs, extensive oral history, and breathtaking scenery, has emerged as a major destination for cultural tourism in Northeastern India. The region's identity is fundamentally shaped by the rich history of customs, rituals, and folklore upheld by its indigenous groups, which are predominantly the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes. In Meghalaya, cultural tourism has grown to be a substantial industry, drawing tourists from both home and abroad who are interested in learning more about the distinctive traditions, celebrations, artwork, folklore storytellers, and way of life of the local tribes. This study explores the function of cultural tourism in Meghalaya, emphasizing how it advances sustainable tourism, cultural heritage preservation, and socioeconomic development. The state’s cultural tourism revolves around festivals, traditions, and folklore, these celebrations provide guests with the excitement of Meghalaya's dynamic culture as ancient myths, stories, songs, enchanting festivals, and traditional ceremonies, which play a vital role in supporting and advancing cultural tourism and provides an unforgettable adventure into the core of indigenous heritage. Furthermore, the study looks at how folklore tourism gives local people the chance to become more economically empowered through guided storytelling and ensuring the preservation of tourism centred around the folklore stories of Meghalaya which is crucial for sustaining the strong cultural legacy of its native communities, providing tourists with a more profound link to the ancient traditions and intriguing legends of the region.

Presence of pesticide-tolerant microorganisms in high-altitude pristine lakes within Singalila Ridge of the Himalayas.

This is the first report on high pesticide tolerance displayed by the microbiota isolated from the sediments of two high-altitude lakes, located in the Singalila National Park, Singalila Ridge of the Himalayas. Given the remote location of these lakes, direct exposure to chemical pesticides is highly unlikely. However, the high tolerance to commonly used pesticides exhibited, i.e. up to 250mg/ml, suggests repeated exposure and contamination of the lakes. Microbial growth in the presence of varying concentrations of the pesticides, namely, emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam, quinalphos, deltamethrin, spiromesifen, flubendiamide, monocrotophos, fipronil, fenazaquin and phorate, was tested. Results showed resistance to all pesticides except fenazaquin and fipronil, up to 250mg/ml. For the latter two, tolerance was displayed up to a concentration of 40mg/ml. Tolerance may potentially result from the transport and deposition of pesticides from nearby locations, particularly the tea plantations of Darjeeling and Eastern Nepal. This may create great ecological risks as these lakes are an important water source for endemic wildlife of this protected area. They also hold great significance to the religious sentiment of the local tribes who worship these lakes as sacred. The study highlights the need for monitoring pesticide contamination in such pristine high-altitude environments and the mechanisms of long-range pollutant transport.

The Phonology of Tailue Tribe in Dontan Village, Xienghone District, Sayyaboury Province

This study focused on the phonetic system of Tailue tribe in Donton village, Xienghon District, Saiyabouly Province by applying the qualitative research through the interview, reading, observation, analysis, and classification of its system. The objective of this study was to examine the phonetic system of consonants, vowels, and tone marks of local Tailue tribe according to the list of vocabulary from Li (1977) which included 1107 Tai words and the list of phonetic tone marks of local Tai from Gedney (1959). The result of this study was that, there are 20 of beginning consonants as /k/, /kh/, /N/, /c/, /s/, /ø/, /d/, /t/, /th/, /n/, /b/, /p/, /ph/, /f/, /m/, /j/, /l/, /w/, /?/, /h/, 2 mix consonants as /kw/, /khw/ and 8 of ending consonants as /-p/, /-t /, /-k /, /-m /, /-n /, /-N/, /-w /, /-j /. There are 18 of root vowels as /a/, /aù/, /i/, /iù/, /µ/, /µù/, /u/, /uù/, /e/, /eù/, /E/, /Eù/, /o/, /où/, /«/, /«ù/, //, /ù/. Based on this research, any of the mixed vowels were not found. For the tone mark, 6 types of it were found - low-up (25) sounds, middle-up (34) sounds, middle (33) sounds, low-up (23) sounds, middle-down (32) sounds, low-up (24) sounds.

DOTTs-Database of Therapeutic Plants against Tuberculosis: Rationalizing traditional medicine for therapeutic applications

IntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis, a highly resistant superbug causing tuberculosis disease, contributes to one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Improved drug regimens and therapeutics have been extensively studied, but still, none is proven to be fully effective in eliminating the pathogen or its drug-resistant forms. Therefore, alternative and novel therapeutic approaches to address this problem are the need of the hour. Traditional medicine can be vital in managing tuberculosis via codified (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani) and uncodified systems (folk medicine). In recent years, the utilization of medicinal plants for TB therapy has garnered considerable attention. Identifying underexplored plants utilized as a remedy for tuberculosis can aid in developing future treatment strategies. The current study aims to assemble the ethnobotanical literature that provides insight into the undocumented tribal/folk medicinal practices against tuberculosis in one unified platform. MethodsThe medicinal plants with therapeutic properties against tuberculosis were identified manually by screening published literature. The data is represented to the users using a user-friendly web interface developed via the PHP-HTML platform using Bootstrap Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) theme, and the database is managed by MySQL Database Management System (DBMS). ResultsDatabase of Therapeutic Plants against Tuberculosis describes the medicinal plants used traditionally in different forms against tuberculosis by various indigenous tribes and communities in India. A total of 100 plants with their local names, taxonomical classification (order and family), tribe, plant part, and formulations, as well as the anti-tubercular attributes, are provided in the database. Additional information about the plants can be retrieved from the external links provided. ConclusionThe DOTTs database provides the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological data of 100 Indian medicinal plants. This database will help the researchers acquire information about the plants that could be beneficial for further evaluation and discovery of potential leads in TB drug discovery. With proper investigation and advancement, it can be anticipated that TB will no longer be a serious public health risk.

Secretory structures and histochemistry of roots, stem, and leaves of medicinal plant Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.

Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. (Menispermaceae) is a medicinal plant used by many local tribes in Indonesia and other countries. This species has pharmacological potential, such as antimalaria, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepato-protector. However, the secretory structures and sites of secondary metabolite accumulation still need to be studied. This study aimed to explore the secretory structures and reveal the accumulation sites of the main classes of secondary metabolites in the root, stem, and leaves of F. tinctoria. Histochemical analysis using various specific reagents was performed on freehand sections of the fresh organs to detect alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and lipophilic compounds. Observations of secretory structures were carried out using light microscopy. The result showed that idioblast was the predominant secretory structure in the plant organs and contained all the chemical groups investigated, while laticifer accumulated alkaloids were found only in the stem. Some secondary metabolites were localized in the xylem, intercellular space, and cuticle layer. Crystals were observed in the root, stem, and leaf of this species. These results might be helpful as guide information for extracting the particular plant parts to obtain the desired secondary metabolites. It suggested that leaves are a potential alternative source of medicinal raw material of this species, in addition to the stem. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The first study on secretory structures of Fibraurea tinctoria. Secondary metabolites in F. tinctoria organs accumulate in specialized and unspecialized structures. The idioblast is the primary secretory structure in the organs of F. tinctoria spreading over the root, stem, and leaves.

Iranian, Afghan or Central Asian? Patterns of mobility among Persianate Jews in the 19th and early 20th centuries

ABSTRACT Focusing on aspects of mobility and daily life, this paper aims to highlight the history of nineteenth century Persian Jews as one of interconnectedness, but also separation. Various forms of interaction such as marriage, trade and the circulation of literature connected communities of Central Asian, Afghan and Iranian Jews, while they at the same time maintained or developed distinct identities. Departing from ideas of Persian Jews as isolated from their environment, I discuss aspects of interaction with different actors such as local Turkmen tribes, governors or religious authorities. The ancient city of Merv in today’s Turkmenistan, a former hub for Jews from Iran, Central Asia and Afghanistan, challenges notions of ‘center’ and ‘periphery’ and points out how Persian speaking Jews contributed to the socio-economic environments in which they were active. Their movements and activities are crucial for understanding the formation of (transregional) communities and their relevance for global history.

Promoting social justice and women's rights: Mitigating the negative impacts of large hydropower projects on tribal women in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region

This study highlights the significance of comprehending the region's caste system and cultural norms and their influence on implementing compensation and resettlement programs in hydropower projects to gain social sustainability. By leveraging Social Justice Theory, we examine how systemic inequalities affect tribal women, particularly in the context of large-scale hydropower projects. Tribal women's social and cultural identities expose them to vulnerabilities, leading to negative consequences concerning large-scale hydropower projects. The lack of access to justice and limited participation in decision-making poses social justice challenges, undermining their fundamental rights, such as basic needs, healthcare, and education. Consequently, their well-being and quality of life suffer, impeding support for such projects. The extent of these adverse effects may vary depending on whether women belong to local (Indigenous) or non-local tribes (non-Indigenous). Our analysis reveals the critical role of tribal affiliation in moderating the relationship between social justice dimensions—such as distributive, procedural, substantive, and recognition justice—and social sustainability, offering new insights into Social Justice Theory. This study explores the potential of careful planning that prioritises the needs of tribal women regardless of tribal affiliation to mitigate these negative social consequences. The study employs a social justice framework to address these challenges. Through the analysis of 511 questionnaires using PLS-SEM, the study revealed that tribal affiliation moderates the relationship between social justice and sustainability. This contribution enriches Social Justice Theory by providing empirical evidence of the intersectionality of social justice issues in the context of development projects. The study further identified that social sustainability and community satisfaction mediate the relationship between social justice and support for hydropower projects, while tribal affiliation moderates this relationship.

The role of wild edible plants and their medicinal values used by the native people of Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, India- a quantitative study

The main aim of the present study was to gather comprehensive data on the wild edibles found in Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, India, assess their cultural value, and comprehend how they contribute to the local tribes' attainment of food security. We gathered traditional knowledge about edible wild plants by administering a semi-structured questionnaire. Data collection followed standard protocols. To determine which species were most frequently cited and of cultural significance, the gathered data were subjected to specialized statistical analysis using tools such as the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). To determine how similar food plants are used in various Balurghat District localities and neighboring areas, the Jaccard Similarity Index (JI) was employed. A total of 1,603 citations were made by the 96 participants for 63 types of wild edibles spread across 36 families. Among the 63 species, 60 species were angiosperms, three species were pteridophytes. The RFC value was found to be in the range of 0.05-0.07. The most constantly referred species was identified as Madhuca longifolia (L.) J. F. Macbr. (RFC= 0,76; FC= 116). A total of 13 wild edible species was identified as the most traditionally valuable species in the locality including Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Termitomyces heimii Natarajan, Enydra fluctuans Lour etc. For the tribal community of eastern India, using these wild edibles scientifically and sustainably can be a smart move towards achieving multiple health benefits and food security. Furthermore, culturally acceptable species can be a good source for nutraceutical bioprospecting.

Perancangan Homestay Moni Kecamatan Kelimutu Kabupaten Ende (Tema Arsitektur Neo Vernakuler)

ABSTRACT DOMINGGUS PITERSON BABO 2018320320. Moni Homestay Design, Kelimutu District, Ende Regency (Neo Vernacular Architecture Theme). Faculty of Engineering, University of Flores, Ende, 2023.. Mobile Number : 081339344579, E-mail : babosoni@gmail.com supervisor I : Ir. Dian Fitriawati Mochdar, ST., MT. supervisor II : Fabiola T.A, Kerong. ST., MT. Moni Kelimutu tourist destinations include culinary tourism, shopping tourism, and recreational tourism. This has a positive impact because the number of tourists coming is increasing. Therefore Homestay lodging is a very important element to support the existing potential. Homestay has an important role to introduce the character of each region. Ende Regency is one of the districts with many tribes and precisely in the Kelimutu sub-district, the local community highly respects customs and habits, so Moni's homestay is designed with the Neo Vernacular theme which aims to strengthen the identity and character of the local indigenous tribes. The application of this theme is dominated by wood elements as an aesthetic element of the building both in the facade of the building and in the atmosphere of the building space. Wood is the main material for building traditional Lio houses. So that the Homestay is designed to have the feel of the local environment so that people who stay at this Homestay feel the character of the local area. The methods used in this planning and design are 1). data collection methods include primary data (observation, documentation and interviews) and secondary data (literature studies and comparative studies); 2). The analysis method explains each analysis which contains field data, design criteria (theory), alternative analysis (alternative 1 and alternative 2), and responses (alternative selection). Analysis methods include analysis of design objects; site analysis; functional analysis (space organization, namely the organizational structure of actors, analysis of activities and space requirements (analysis of actors and actors' activities), room analysis (conditions, circulation, organization, relationships, size and zoning of space), shape analysis and analysis of building mass placement patterns; analysis building systems (structure and utilities); as well as analysis of regional regulations. 3). The design method includes design ideas and design concepts, namely the concept of neo vernacular architecture. The results obtained from designing Moni's homestay are based on a neo vernacular architectural approach which emphasizes more on building materials and site processing. The facilities built include the main facilities in the form of accommodation (suite room and standard type homestay), management building, as well as supporting facilities in the form of a cafeteria, photo spot, outdoor room and service area, parking. Keywords: Tourism, Homestay, Neo Vernacular Architecture

Faynan, Nomads and the Western Negev in the Early Iron Age: A Critical Reappraisal

ABSTRACT The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequently used these conclusions as the key example in a theoretical argument about the social complexity – and, usually, archaeological invisibility – of nomadic societies. A review of the archaeological evidence from Faynan indicates that the sudden change at the beginning of the 10th century bce should not be attributed to local nomads. Evidence from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery – both material culture and chemical analysis of teeth – shows that its nomadic inhabitants did not actively participate in the copper industry. There is no evidence of a process of transition from nomadism to sedentarism at Faynan, and its architecture does not reflect any influence or antecedents in the archaeology of nomads. The evidence shows close material culture connections with the western Negev and the major site of Tel Masos. The scenario that best fits the evidence is that Masos took direct control of copper production at Faynan and developed it as an industrial site to exponentially increase the copper trade – Masos had the resources, technical skills, an architectural tradition, and connections to trade networks that the local nomads lacked, and which transformed Faynan. Hundreds of sites in the Negev Highlands were settled by pastoralists who found employment both in production and transport in the burgeoning copper industry. The industrial transformation of Faynan, along with the settlement of Tel Masos and the Negev Highlands sites, was short-lived, and lasted little more than a hundred years.

Rubuspuyumaensis, a new species of Rosaceae from Taiwan.

The genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae), comprising approximately 750 species and classified into 12 subgenera, is distributed worldwide and is one of the largest plant genera. In Taiwan, Rubus comprises 41 taxa, including 35 species, three varieties and three hybrids. Amongst the genus Rubus, the species, previously recorded as R.howii in Taiwan, was misidentified and this study recognised it as a new species. Due to its distribution mainly in south-eastern Taiwan, we named this new species as Rubuspuyumaensis, after the local aborigine tribe Puyuma. Taxonomic descriptions and colour photographs of the new species are provided to assist in identification. R.puyumaensis is most similar to R.howii and R.refractus. They can be distinguished by the colour of young leaves, leaf shape, arrangement of florets, trichomes of inflorescences, size of sepal lobes, petal colour, types and trichomes of filaments and the length of stamens and pistils.

Transformasi dan Marginalisasi Masyarakat Adat: Suku Ata Modo di Tengah Hegemoni Pengembangan Pariwisata Taman Nasional Komodo

The massive development of tourism in Komodo National Park (KNP) has had a signi;icant impact on the local community there, in this case the Ata Modo Tribe. This tribe is a local tribe that has remained silent for a long time and was formed on Komodo Island long before the Komodo National Park was established. They have also lived side by side with the endangered Komodo dragon for decades and tried to maintain their culture and customs amidst the existence of KNP tourism development. This research tries to answer what cultural potential is still maintained by the Ata Modo Tribe, the position of the Ata Modo Tribe as a Customary Law Community unit, as well as the socio-economic, cultural and environmental impacts that occur amidst KNP tourism hegemony. The study in this research uses a type of socio-legal research. Various primary and secondary data were formulated and analyzed to obtain descriptive conclusions for each problem formulation question. The research results obtained are ;irst that the Ata Modo tribe has cultural potential in accordance with the seven elements of culture consisting of language, knowledge system, social organization, technology, livelihood system, belief system and art. Second, the absence of recognition and determination of the Ata Modo Tribe as a Customary Law Community unit through legal products at the regional level provides opportunities for conflicts of interest and override of their customary rights. Third, the Ata Modo tribe has transformed coercively due to the existence of KNP tourism. Regulations established as a means of conservation of the Komodo National Park encourage a coercive transformation of the culture of the Ata Modo people.

The Charaweemak Hazara in Power Dynamics from the Era of Darvish Ali Khan to the Constitutional Period

The Hazara tribe of Badghis is one of the important sub-branches of the large Charaweemak tribe of Khorasan, which played a significant role in the regional power dynamics over a vast area in Greater Khorasan and along the borders of Central Asia. This research examines the role of Hazara leaders from the rise of Nader Shah to the events that followed his death. It explores the presence of Darvish Ali Khan Hazara in power dynamics in the western part of present-day Afghanistan and the Herat region, the presence of Bonyad Khan Hazara in power dynamics and his confrontation with Shoja-ol-Saltaneh, as well as his alliance with Fateh Khan Afghan. Additionally, the role of Shir Mohammad Khan Nezam-od-Dowleh in the political issues of the time, which led to tensions between him and Asaf-od-Dowleh Qajar, is examined. The activities of the successors of Karimdad Khan and their relations with the Alikozai ruler of Herat, confrontations with the Turkmens, the rivalry between the Qarai and the Hazara, the presence of Hazara forces in the conflicts in northern Khorasan alongside the central government, and their participation with the Constitutionalists of Khorasan and the Provincial Council of Khorasan are also analyzed. The findings revealed that the Charaweemak Hazara tribe, Badghis branch, played a significant role in local and regional power dynamics from the time of Nader Shah’s reign, throughout the Qajar dynasty, and up to the Constitutional Revolution, alongside other local tribes of Western Khorasan, Northwestern Afghanistan, and the Central Asian Khanates in the region's power equations.

A Study on Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Indigenous Tribes of East Godavari Forest Area

Abstract: In the present research, we investigated ethno medical information from the Indigenous people of Rampachodavaram Mandal, East-Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. We interviewed the tribal people at their residences. As part of the oral interviews, specific questions were asked and the information provided by the informants was noted. For their health, the local tribes were familiar with most of the common diseases like pain, cuts, fever, headaches, wounds, headaches, and sprains. Additional field trips were conducted in different seasons in the same area to gather information and also to confirm the data already collected. A total of 140 ethno medicinal plant species were collected from 125 genera of 62 families used to treat 52 diseases.

Agency, co-creation and environmental advocacy in lens-based practice.

Tahāroa is a tiny settlement to the South-West of the Kawhia harbor, in the North Island of Aotearoa-New Zealand. N.Z Steel first brokered an agreement with local tribe Ngāti Mahuta ki-te-Hauāuru in the 1970’s to extract the titanomagnetite from the sands and ship it offshore for use in the construction of steel. This film asks what prolonged mineral extraction and the re-introduction of that material into the global manufacturing chain might mean for the mauri (or spirit) of the land, and for our planetary relationships.

Biodiversity of Jashpur District Chhattisgarh, India

The biodiversity of Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh was studied using the methods of Frequency, density and abundance. For sampling Loro Ghat was taken. In the present study, at about 77 deciduous forest trees species belonging to 31 different families, were identified with their botanical name and their possible uses by the local tribes were recorded. It is observed that the family Fabaceae represent maximum number of seventeen species, followed by Moraceae with 7 species, Combretaceae with 06 species, Myrtaceae with 5 species Rutaceae with 4 species, Anacardiaceae Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae with 3 species, respectively. Besides, these families Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae, Embenaceae, Lamiaceae and Meliaceae were found with two species of each in the surveyed area. On the basis of data analysis Butea monosperma showed their maximum frequency, density and abundance i.e., 0.507, 1.074 and 2.117 respectively, during the sampling, and then followed by Cassia fistula and Shorea robusta with 0.313 and 0.388, respectively. On the other hand, Embilica officinalis, Ficus bengalensis, F. carica, F. glomerata, Pongamia pinnata and Pterocarpus marsupium showed minimum distribution in the forest. Surprisingly, the species like Santalum album, Mangifera indica and Annona reticulate, Terminalia arjuna and Tectona grandis were appeared with high abundance.

Traditional and common millet-based food recipes of the tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh

Abstract BACKGROUND: Millets have been cultivated in Arunachal Pradesh for generations, vital to the state's food security and dietary practices. Preserving and promoting culinary traditions not only benefits the local communities but also contributes to the global movement towards a more sustainable and diverse food future. The present study aims to document the common millets based food recipes traditionally prepared in Arunachal Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The millet-based food recipes were documented from the ethnic tribal people. This study documented different types of millet-based recipes including millet type, ingredients, recipe type, method of preparation, recipe name in the local languages, and nutritional benefits of millet recipes. RESULTS: The study documented 11 types of millet-based food recipes from the ethnic tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, such as Adi, Apatani, Nyishi, Monpa, and Idu Mishmi. Finger millet is predominantly used to prepare food recipes followed by sorghum and kodo millet. Various ingredients, including local vegetables, milk, egg, ghee, coconut, sugar, etc., are used along with millet flour for food preparation. Various types of cooking techniques, such as steaming, frying, and boiling, have been adopted to prepare these dishes. Apong, a type of alcoholic beverage commonly served during tribal festivals in Arunachal Pradesh, is the most common item prepared mostly with rice and finger millet. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that various millet-based food recipes are used by local tribes of Arunachal Pradesh.

Spatiotemporal variation of human settlement distribution between the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties in relation to flooding in the lower Yellow River floodplain, East China

Both historical documents and geological archives have recorded frequent extreme flood occurrences between approximately 3200 and 3000 cal. yr BP (i.e., the late Shang dynasty) in East China. As a flood-prone area, the lower Yellow River floodplain experienced significant changes in human settlement between the Shang (1600–1046 BCE) and Western Zhou (1046–771 BCE) dynasties. However, the relationship between extreme flood occurrences and changes in human settlement remains unclear. This study aims to examine the spatiotemporal variations of settlement distribution between the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties in relation to extreme flooding during the late Shang dynasty. The results indicate that settlement distribution and settlement density exhibited clear shifts between the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, and the period of the late Shang dynasty was an extreme-flood-rich interval within and around the lower Yellow River floodplain. Because the course of the lower Yellow River was relatively stable during the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, frequent extreme flood occurrences during the late Shang dynasty should change the hydrological settings in key locations along the lower Yellow River course. The northern Henan and its southeastern low-lying areas were subjected to frequent crevasses from the flooding of the Yellow River between approximately 3200 and 3000 cal. yr BP. These significant hydrological changes in northern Henan and its southeastern low-lying areas, combined with frequent wars and conflicts between local tribes and Shang people, likely contributed to a decrease in settlement number and a contraction of settlement distribution. In response to the floods during the late Shang dynasty, ancient inhabitants most likely elevated their dwellings and created the mound sites that exist in the lower Yellow River floodplain today.

TERRITORIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC TRADITIONS OF THE CHERNIHIV-SIVERSKYI REGION

Abstract. The article presents a generalized analysis of the published national historical and theoretical historiography of the process of establishing the territorial and demographic traditions of the Chernihiv-Siverskyi population as part of Kyivan Rus. The territory of their settlement, demographic composition, evolution of the life and lifestyle of the northerners, which have become common traditions of the Indo-European peoples, are determined. The research methodology is based on the heuristic method of systematization of classical and modern scientific thought, historical, geographical, artistic historiography and archaeological sources, which formed the cultural direction of systematization of the reconstruction of the holistic process of the problem. The main historiography to the topic was compiled by the editions of the classics of the historical school, which laid down the fundamental knowledge of social history and culture: from ancient times to medieval Ukraine-Rus, of which the Chernihiv-Siverskyi region was a component. An attempt is made to generalize the theory and historical practice of the transformation of the socio-cultural traditions of the Ukrainian population of the South-Eastern region on the basis of the created all-European and nationally original traditions of Ukraine-Rus. They laid common foundations for the life and livelihood of local tribes, the development of territories, agriculture, public organization, customary law, financial and trade relations, diplomacy, spiritual, cultural and artistic life. Because of the evolution of the development of the components of the Ukrainian nation, a historical transformation and socialization of the transmission of the main spiritual values from paganism to сhristianity took place. On these foundations, the national traditions of consolidating land allotment principalities – Kyiv, Chernihiv, Siver, etc. – have formed and entrenched; hereditary dynasties of the Riurykovych family, in particular the Chernihiv Olhovych, Davydovych; the corresponding composition of the population, characterized by the local climate, flora, fauna, which influenced the character and spirit of the people, proper names - ethnonyms, toponyms, hydronyms.

Formation and development of the Bosporus kingdom: separate historical and legal aspects

The article talks about the Bosporus kingdom as one of the states that managed to avoid annexation by Rome and preserved its autonomy for several centuries. This state was located in the Eastern Crimea and in the western part of the Taman Peninsula. Its capital was Panticapei (modern Kerch), which in ancient times was surrounded by nomadic (mainly Scythian and Sarmatian) peoples.
 It has been established that the Archeanactid dynasty ruled here at first, and from 438 to 109 B.C. - Spartokids dynasty. It was during the reign of Satyr I, Leukon I, Perisades I, Eumela I in the 4th century B.C. the Bosporus kingdom with its center in Panticapei reached its greatest power, an authoritarian system of government developed, and therefore, Bosporus came to be considered a kingdom with a monarchical form of government.
 The author analyzed the legal system of the Bosporus kingdom. It was found that the main sources of law were: the legislative activity of the kings of Bosporus, the rights of the Greek city-polises that were part of the Bosporus kingdom, and the customs of local tribes. Norms of civil law protected the interests of slave owners. Two main forms of ownership were defined: state and private. Land, slaves, cattle and movable property were owned. The main types of contracts were: purchase and sale, mine, loan and donation.
 The author also characterized the complex nature of marital and family relations. Agreements on the future marriage were usually concluded by the decision of the parents. A legal marriage resulted from an eggiesia, a formal private agreement between the head of the bride’s family, on the one hand, and the groom or his father, on the other.
 In the field of criminal law, the author established that the main types of crimes were: crimes against the state, against the community, and against a specific private person. However, the most serious crimes were often called adikia - a sin before the gods. The damage could be physical, moral or material.