Local Tourism Development Research Articles

基于视觉廊道的青藏铁路沿线旅游动态景观评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于视觉廊道的青藏铁路沿线旅游动态景观评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305141050 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（40971299）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2010BAK68B04）资助 Evaluation of tourism dynamic landscape along Qinghai-Tibet railway based on the visual corridor Author: Affiliation: Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:青藏铁路作为一种重要的“线性”廊道，不仅起着重要的区域连接作用，促进着区域经济和社会发展，还具有旅游观光和体验的功能。基于游客视角对青藏铁路沿线10个自然景观段进行了青藏铁路沿线旅游动态景观评价研究。详细界定了铁路沿线动态景观评价的对象，构建了“游客眼”——青藏铁路沿线动态景观评价模型。动态景观评价是基于旅游列车在行进过程中以旅游者的眼睛感受到的景观质量高低——景观基底（包括地貌景观多样性、动植物点缀度、人文景观丰富度等），在列车行进过程中哪些景观能被游客捕捉到受到景观视域（包括相对坡度、景观在视域内出现几率、距离的远近等）的制约，哪些景观能被游客留下深刻印象要受到景观美感（包括色彩、奇异罕见景观、水体配置等）的影响。搭建了青藏铁路沿线旅游动态景观评价指标体系，青藏铁路沿线旅游动态景观评价指标体系包括沿线景观基底指标、景观视域评价指标和景观动态美感指标3个类指标和9个基础指标，动态景观评价指标的选择和权重确定主要采用层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process，简称AHP），动态景观评价主要是基于模糊综合评判方法。通过对青藏铁路沿线10个自然景观段的各指标量化打分以及计算，结果发现：青藏铁路沿线不同景观带给游客的感受差异很大，10个旅游景观段的景观质量从高到低排序为：念青唐古拉宽谷盆地高寒草原草甸景观段、昆仑高山荒漠与荒漠草原景观段、可可西里-长江源宽谷高寒草原景观段、唐古拉极高山高寒草甸景观段、青海湖盆地草甸草原景观段、怒江源宽谷高寒草甸景观段、拉萨河谷灌丛草原景观段、柴达木盆地东北亚高山荒漠草原景观段、湟水谷地温性草原景观段、柴达木盆地盐湖戈壁荒漠景观段。其中旅游动态景观质量极高的有1个，旅游动态景观质量较高的有6个，旅游动态景观质量一般的有2个，旅游动态景观质量低的有1个。客观评估青藏铁路沿线各景观段的景观，有助于游客预知和了解青藏铁路途中旅游景观质量，对于地方相关部门指导青藏铁路旅游业的发展和景观管理、打造、开发、决策提供了参考依据。 Abstract:As the most important "linear" corridor in northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Railway not only plays an important role in promoting regional connection,but also has great sightseeing value. This paper has a evaluation about tourism dynamic landscape quality of 10 natural landscape belts along Qinghai-Tibet railway from tourists'perspective. Firstly, this paper gives an exact definition of evaluation object along the railway, and constructs "Tourist-Eye" evaluation model which is based on tourists' visual experience during the journey. Landscape matrix, including landscape diversity, animal and plant ornament and cultural landscape richness is the first thing coming into view. Which landscape can be captured by tourists depends on the vision field condition including the relative slope, probability of appearing in tourists' view, distance, etc. While, landscape aesthetic characteristics, like color, rare degree of landscape and water allocation, determine which landscape can impress tourists. Secondly, this paper builds an evaluation index system, consisting of three class and nine basic indexes which are selected and weighted through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. The results shows that 10 landscape belts along Qinghai-Tibet railway differ significantly in landscape quality, and are listed below from high to low: Nyainqentanglha valley basin landscape belt, Kunlun mountain landscape belt, Kekexili-Yangtze valley landscape belt, Tanggula Mountain landscape belt, Nu River valley landscape belt, Qinghai Lake basin landscape belt, Lhasa valley landscape belt, northeast high mountain of Qaidam Basin landscape belt, Huangshui valley landscape belt and Gobi and Saline Lake of Qaidam basin landscape belt, among which there are one extreme high-quality, six relative high-quality, two ordinary quality and one low-quality landscape belt. Evaluation about tourism dynamic landscape quality along Qinghai-Tibet railway is able to inform tourists about landscape quality along the railway, provides basis for local sectors' tourism development and management decisions and improves the popularity of Qinghai-Tibet railway as well. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

중국(中國) 관광농업(觀光農業)의 현황(現況) 및 발전(發展) 방향(方向) - 내몽고(內蒙古) 자치구(自治區) 탁극탁현(托克托縣)을 중심(中心)으로 -

Agricultural tourism is a new kind of industry, which combined agriculture with tourism. It not only has the productive function, but also has the function of improving the quality of ecological environment and supplying people with sightseeing, leisure, vacation. Agricultural tourism is a new kind of industry from the amalgamation of agriculture and tourism: it is based on farm work, characterized by agricultural management, combines agriculture and tourism, and includes the city as a market-place. It satisfies tourist demand with food, lodging, excursions, shopping and entertainment provided by agricultural places and agricultural products. After combining the substance of this study with the primary sources regarding the development of agricultural tourism, I suggest plans for the development of local agricultural tourism on the basis of sustainable tourism theory in case of the Inner Mongolia region. To conduct research, various data such as literature research and surveys are collected and analyzed. According to the result of the research, the Inner Mongolia region has great-wealthy resources for agricultural tourism. However, they have problems as well such as lack of funds, low infrastructure, low business-mind level, low management-mind, the scarcity of mid-supporting organizations for research and education, low awareness, and low service level of the agricultural tourism. In order to solve these problems, have to strengthen publicity, strengthen the county and city communication, educates continuously profession talented person, establish related laws and regulations, increase the integrity of infrastructure. As a developing industry, agricultural tourism is a new field of study which needs more encouraging research. The agricultural tourism of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has only just started development resulting in a limited amount of information available for this study. Future planned work entails a continuous in-depth study of Chinese agricultural tourism, considering Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in particular.

Measuring the Impact of a Profit-Oriented Event on Tourism: The Eurochocolate Festival in Perugia, Italy

This paper contributes to the development of a relatively homogeneous, standardized methodology for the measurement of the impact of festivals and events on tourism. Such a methodology will be of benefit when private and public policy makers carry out comparative analyses to determine whether or not to support an event. The study assesses whether the Eurochocolate festival, held every October in Perugia, Italy, contributes to the development of local tourism, thereby enhancing economic growth in the city. A trend analysis was undertaken, based on data relating to arrivals and presences over a period of several years, the application of a statistical regression model dealing with arrivals, and the results of a visitor survey. The authors conclude that, while the event is privately owned with most profits going to the organizing firm, it also generates considerable benefits for the local economy. It brings almost 8,000 additional national tourist arrivals in the city, as well as 66,000 day-trippers from outside the Umbria region.

Effect of residents' place attachment on their participation intention in local tourism development

Researchers in tourism development have often suggested that the participation of local residents is essential for sustainable tourism, and for identifying and understanding the factors affecting residents’ willingness to participate (“participation intention”) is instrumental in tourism development. “Place attachment” refers to the emotions and feelings people have for places or landscapes. When residents develop deeper bonds to their nearby settings, they are more willing to be involved in development of the area. This study aims to examine residents’ attachment to nearby landscapes and investigate the effects of attachment on residents’ participate intention in local tourism. From the findings, three categories of attachment to different landscape attributes were extracted: cultural and historical landscapes, everyday landscapes, and natural landscapes. Moreover, regression analysis showed that attachment to cultural and historical landscapes can serve as a predictor of participation intention in tourism development. Under these circumstances, tourism authorities should give greater priority to enhancing residents’ attachment to cultural and historical landscapes which would, in turn, increase their participation intention, thus fostering sustainable tourism.

순창지역 방문객의 지역관광에 대한 의향분석

Abstract : This study analyzed tourists' intention at Gangcheon Mountain, Sunchang-gun for local tourism. The contents of study included impression, characteristics, specialized resources, development direction, intention of visit and its form, destination prior and post visit, travelling expenses, and development form of tourism. The results were as following. Impression and characteristics showed that gochujang and fermentation industry established a strategic ground of local development. Intention of revisit of tourists was relatively high by 97.1%. Furthermore, tourists were mainly family units and they preferred family-based recreational type for the future local tourism development form. Therefore, a development strategy will be required that involves inexpensive accommodation, unique local food items, agricultural-specialty products and local tour packages. For invigoration of local tourism, recruitment of skilled managers for farm village experience will be necessary as well.

Community Perspective to Agricultural Heritage Conservation and Tourism Development

The rich biodiversity and cultural patterns of agricultural heritage sites are preserved unconsciously in the traditional way of life of local communities. They are also attractive resources for tourism development, which supports the conservation of agricultural heritage systems (AHS) while providing benefits for local communities. As a typical case study, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) site with a Rice-Fish-Duck agricultural system (RFDS) in Congjiang County of South West China is introduced to illustrate the community approach to agricultural heritage conservation and sustainable tourism development. The concept of a community approach to agricultural heritage is dynamic both in terms of conservation and livelihood adaptation. Six elements in the concept model and their relationship were analyzed. The community is the core element and the other five are: local community identity, livelihoods, local sustainable tourism development, the farming system, biodiversity and cultural patterns in the site. All are interconnected and thus support the agricultural heritage conservation of agricultural heritage and the development of sustainable tourism in the heritage sites.

Turismo e desenvolvimento local: o contributo do turismo rural-cultural

Tourism and cultural heritage has become a possible development tool for rural areas in Portugal. ln this paper, deve10pment of cultural rural tourism is considered a way to local tourism development.

Territory, tourism and local products. The extra virgin oil's enhancement and promotion: a benchmarking Italy-Spain

Purpose – This paper intends to highlight how local tourism development is strongly oriented towards policy development based on the combination typical product-territory, in particular extra virgin olive oil, which assigns value to identity, social capital and indigenous cultural heritage. Design – The work supports the idea that the development strategies of typical products should be considered as a potential local development tool. Besides the enhancing the knowledge of product itself and of its ties with local history and traditions, this could also help promoting a quality tourism in the awareness that local products contribute to the implementation of a multiplicity of local initiatives (such as tourist paths, markets, educational initiatives, community events) able to encourage and support new social relations. Metodology – At a methodological level, the paper developed a theoretical contextualization of the subject of study in the gastronomic tourism and compared, using the technique of benchmarking, the experiences of extra virgin olive oil enhancement and promotion in Italy and Spain. These two countries were selected for this study since they are the main producers in the world of olive oil with certified quality. Approach – The interpretative approach has characterized the development of this study; theoretical elaboration and empirical research in fact are processed in parallel. Finding – The research work has demonstrated that the enhancement of extra virgin olive oil is a great potential for the development of new tourism practices such as gastronomic tourism. Originality of research – The work represents a first effort to compare the development and promotion strategies of extra virgin olive oil in Italy and Spain and to examine the possible links with local tourism development.

Local community, volunteering and tourism development: the case of the Blackwood River Valley, Western Australia

Rural communities, especially those that strive to become tourist destinations face many challenges, including limited human and financial resources in developing their own tourism sector. The importance of local visitor centres in promoting the region can be invaluable assets in addressing those limitations. However, to what extent can efforts among a community's residents also contribute towards the promotion of local tourism? The present study investigates this aspect of community involvement from the perspective of representatives (managers, staff) of an emerging rural tourism destination, the Blackwood River Valley in Western Australia. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted in four visitor centres. Volunteerism among local residents in various ways of tourism promotion emerged as a key finding in this study, as well as volunteer work providing support beyond involvement at visitor centres. Indeed, this aspect of community involvement was further illustrated in other forms of community involvement (e.g. helping host and cater for events). The findings, therefore, reinforce the notion that through volunteerism, local residents make direct and indirect participatory contributions that help strengthen the social aspect, or social fabric, of the community, while contributing to tourism development.

The Applied Sociology of Tourism. The Up Skills of the Facilitator in the Italian Hospitality Industry

The sociology of tourism can be considered applied sociology. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the up skills of the sociologist in the process of tourism planning. The present paper refers to the idea of philosophic practitioner as a theoretical model and considers the sociologist as a facilitator of local tourism development. To this purpose, I discuss some topics and working tools that can be used when the sociologist is asked to help local stakeholders create significant involvement of the local community. In particular, I propose some self-assessment tools to be included in a tourism process centred on local participation. The paper focuses on fundamental questions concerning the techniques of bottom up regulation and the techniques to facilitate the passage from individualism to collaborative marketing in order to attract visitors suitable to the destination. The discussions are based inductively on tourism economic policies initiated inItalyto create collaboration between local institutions and enterprises aimed at integrating local resources (accommodation structures, transport, gastronomy, art and archaeology, etc.) and creating districts or systems of Made inItalyhospitality. The results indicate the sociologist of tourism as a facilitator of the collaborative partnership in support of the destination management. Many difficulties in creating tourism districts or systems are due to the absence of this type of professional figure.

Constructing Indicators of Culinary Tourism Strategy: An Application of Resource-Based Theory

ABSTRACT A tourism destination that seeks to develop culinary tourism products must combine the featured culinary cultures with tourism resources to support the culinary tourism strategies. A concrete strategic framework will aid tourism destinations in identifying local culinary products and experiences and creating promotional strategies and tools for the development of local culinary tourism. The purpose of this study is to construct a strategy framework and indicators for culinary tourism in Taiwan based on resource-based theory (RBT). This study included a qualitative document analysis, a literature review, in-depth interviews, and application of the Fuzzy Delphi method. The results show a culinary tourism strategy framework consisting of four dimensions and 75 indicators. The four dimensions are resources, capabilities, strategy, and education. The four dimensions are comprised of 10 factors (strategies) with a total of 75 indicators. In addition to its practical implications, an important contribution of this study is its application of RBT to develop national culinary tourism resource and strategy planning. This research was funded by a research grant from the National Science Council in Taiwan conducted by the first author (NSC 96-2516-S-228-004-MY3).

Family and the Rate of Tourism Development as Factors Generating Mobility in the Greek Tourism Sector

The present study aims to determine the importance of two elements as factors favouring social and occupational mobility in the tourism sector, namely family and the corresponding rate of local tourism development. The research methods employed were of quantitative and qualitative nature. Our analysis of intragenerational and intergenerational mobility focuses on the transitions effectuated from one type of tourism enterprise or occupational status to another. The conclusions point out the existence of familial professional strategies and a pronounced intergenerational professional heredity and underline the role played by the tourism labour market in the achievement of upward social and occupational mobility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Evaluating the complementary relationship between local brand farm products and rural tourism: Evidence from Japan

This paper examined the complementary relationship between the direct effects of local brand farm products, such as through increases in income and employment in the local community, and indirect effects, such as through the development of tourism, by examining data collected by a survey of agricultural cooperatives in Japan. Estimation of a determinant model of direct and indirect economic effects that assumed an endogenous relationship revealed that those cooperatives producing brand products that have a relatively long history of branding of products, systems for quality control, preservation of the local heritage, and a local partnership between agricultural and accommodation/restaurant sectors are much more likely to achieve the two primary economic goals of income and employment generation. It is concluded that a wider and longstanding perspective of local resource management is necessary to enhance the complementary relationship between economic gain of local brand farm products and tourism development.

Agglomeration density and tourism development in China: An empirical research based on dynamic panel data model

To explain the significant disparity of tourism development across Chinese provinces, this paper conducts a dynamic panel data analysis of tourism development in China using statistical data of Chinese provincial tourism industry for the 2000–2009 periods. The estimated results provide empirical evidence on the relationship between the agglomeration and development of Chinese provincial tourism in firm level. The econometric analysis shows that the tourism density in agglomeration has a positive influence on local tourism development. It appears that the variance of tourism development across Chinese provinces can be explained by the differences in the density of tourism economic activities.

Seeking (and not seeking) to leverage mega-sport events in non-host destinations: The case of Shanghai and the Beijing Olympics

It has been argued that event benefits can be optimised if strategic planning and implementation are employed to leverage the opportunities that events enable. Research has demonstrated that events are not typically leveraged, but leveraging can enhance their effect. Leveraging can enable benefits for non-host cities, as well as host destinations. This study examines failed efforts to transfer knowledge about non-host city leverage of the Olympic Games from Australia to Shanghai. It is shown that social, cultural, and political conditions in China and Shanghai made the Australian knowledge incompatible with local systems, values, and tourism development vision. It is suggested that in order to be transferable, knowledge must first be localised. That, in turn, requires that efforts to transfer knowledge across cultural and political borders should be undertaken iteratively, and should consequently begin earlier than is typically the case.

Sustainability of Tourism Development in Macao, China

ABSTRACTTo maximize the benefits to stakeholders in Macao, the sustainability of Macao tourism was examined by assessing the economic, socio‐cultural and environmental impacts of tourism, visitor satisfaction and the level of community involvement in local tourism planning from 2002 to 2009, through the use of primary and secondary data. The results revealed that tourism did bring both positive and negative impacts to the community. Visitor satisfaction was found to be moderate. Channels for community participation in local tourism development were also lacking. The paper suggests that for sustainable tourism development, Macao needs to diversify away from its casino industry, to speed up the construction of the public transport system and to keep monitoring the environmental conditions, the students' drop‐out and crime rate and the locals' quality of life. More importantly, a master plan for its tourism development integrating all the key stakeholders' interests is urgently required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pajala as a literary place: in the readings and footsteps of Mikael Niemi

This paper concerns the relationship between literature and tourism, with specific focus on the Swedish novelist Mikael Niemi and his influence on local tourism development in his home municipality of Pajala. Attention is paid to how the success of Niemi's breakthrough novel Populärmusik från Vittula has turned Pajala into a well-known ‘literary place’, at the same time increasing tourism in the region. This paper discusses the literary meanings of Pajala by comparing two alternative ways of comprehending the idea of ‘Pajala as a literary place’. Pajala is approached as (1) a stage for the local and regional identities represented in Niemi's novel, and (2) a re-produced real-world experience for ‘literary pilgrims’, tourists wandering in the footsteps of Mikael Niemi. This paper also discusses the contradictions and disharmonies between these two literary worlds and the implications that these may have for local development strategies based on literary tourism.

Tourism‐dependent development: the case of Lijiang, Yunnan province, China

This paper explores the effectiveness of tourism as a development policy through a case study of Lijiang, one of the most popular tourism destinations in China. Using both primary and secondary data, the study evaluates the consequences of external investment, external migrant entrepreneurs, and non‐local companies acting as major influences on local tourism development. Two theoretical frameworks are drawn upon: the dependent paradigm and the informal–formal dichotomy. Major issues are observed that challenge the sustainability of current developments. These include: the mass tourism development model together with spatial concentration of the tourist market; market channels controlled by external travel corporations; heavy reliance on external investment in real estate and infrastructure development; outsiders’ domination of Lijiang’s ancient town commercial sector; a mitigating contribution by external migrant enterprises to the local community; and an uneven distribution of benefits among the locals. It is implied from this research that planned and targeted governmental intervention and institutional adjustments are prerequisite conditions for indigenous and ethnic people to obtain greater benefits from tourism development. It also suggests that a reconsideration of the justification of tourism as a vehicle for development in the peripheral areas of China might be appropriate.

Participatory Management Process in Local Tourism Development: A Case Study on Fisherman Village on Samui Island, Thailand

This paper explores, assesses and discusses a community participation approach in local tourism development planning initiated by the small local community of Samui Island, southern Thailand, in order to understand the pattern of the participatory management process in local tourism development after tourist development has had a significant effect on the local community on the island. The research was conducted in Fisherman Village, Bo Phut Sub-district on Samui Island using both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses. This research successfully described the process of socio-ecological interaction on local tourism development. The results show the innovative approach of adapting the community participation concept to diversified local conditions. The process of community participation was assessed to understand the pattern and practice of local community for their tourism development. Factors associated with people's participation were also analyzed. The paper concludes that, along with the participatory management process, there was a significant role played by the local leader and by cooperation among tourism stakeholders in the planning and implementation that led the community to pursue local tourism development.

Local museums as catalysts for development: Mamoiada, Sardinia, Italy

This study investigates the inter-relationships among local museums, cultural tourism and community development. The experience of Mamoiada, a Sardinian village where a museum focusing on local cultural heritage was opened in 2002, is examined. Data collected on visitors to the museum and local tourism businesses reveal that this destination has achieved an early stage of cultural tourism development with positive economic and social implications. So far, the activities of the museum fit into the broader local system, adding value to the existing resources and community's capabilities, and suggesting that, if done well, a museum based on local culture can be a catalyst for development.