Local Thermal Effect Research Articles

Influence of localized thermal effect of microwave heating on the carbothermic reduction process of ZnFe2O4

As an environmentally efficient method, microwave heating has been proposed to recover Zn from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) recently. During the process, microwave irradiation has been shown to promote the reaction by lowering the reaction temperature and activation energy, in addition to providing efficient heat. However, the mechanism by which microwave heating promotes the zinc removal reaction of EAFD remains unclear. Thus, this study focused on ZnFe2O4, the primary component of EAFD, and developed an electromagnetic-thermal-chemical reaction coupling model to investigate the factors influencing the carbothermic reduction process of ZnFe2O4 and analyze the promoting mechanism of the microwave on the reaction. The main results indicate that the localized thermal effect, determined by the microwave distribution, exacerbates temperature differences and leads to non-uniform reaction behavior inside the sample. Increasing microwave power and graphite addition enhances the localized thermal effect, worsening field uniformity. In the simulation, the localized thermal effect of microwave heating reduced the activation energy of the zinc removal reaction to 252.97 kJ/mol, with an R2 reaction model. The assistance of the non-thermal effect in enhancing ion diffusion leads to a significant decrease in the activation energy observed in the actual microwave heating experiments.

Hydrogel microspheres encapsulating lysozyme/MXene for photothermally enhanced antibacterial activity and infected wound healing

The high mortality and enormous economic burden of bacterially infected wounds remains a huge challenge for human health. The development of ideal wound dressings with desirable antibacterial and good wound healing properties still remains a major problem affecting the regeneration of bacterially infected wound tissue. Herein, we present novel alginate-based hydrogel microspheres containing lysozyme and MXene (i-Lyso@Alg), in which the positively charged lysozyme is immobilized on the negatively charged MXene by electrostatic interaction. Due to the presence of MXene, i-Lyso@Alg exhibits good thermal effect, drug release behavior and strong antibacterial activity under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The synthesized i-Lyso@Alg can realize not only improvement of lysozyme stability but also photothermal responsive up-regulation for biocatalysis of lysozyme. The excellent antibacterial activities of i-Lyso@Alg were attributed to the photothermally enhanced lysozyme activity, assisted by bacterial death caused by local thermal effect of photothermally activated MXene and the physical damage due to the MXene. In addition, in the infected skin wounds of rats, i-Lyso@Alg + NIR significantly accelerates the wound healing process by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) infection, and inducing the expression of pro-angiogenic factors and tissue remodeling. Overall, the results of this study introduce a pioneering approach by integrating the unique photothermal properties of MXene with the enzymatic action of lysozyme within an alginate-based hydrogel microsphere. This synergistic system not only advances the frontier of antibacterial wound dressings but also represents a significant step towards effective management of infected wounds, which possesses great potential in clinical treatment of infected wounds.

Laser-assisted Belt Grinding with Creep Feed for Enhanced Surface Integrity and Abrasive wear Reduction

Creep feed belt grinding (CFBG) is a vital machining technique used for intricate curved parts like aero-engine blades and flaps. CFBG effectively removes material by using larger depths of cut and lower feed rates, but high loads can lead to severe belt wear and thermal damage defects in the process. Laser-assisted processing technology can mitigate tool wear and enhance machining quality. This research compared and analyzed belt wear behavior and its impact on the surface integrity of titanium alloys in laser-assisted creep feed belt grinding (LCFBG) and CFBG processes. The following conclusions were drawn: The local thermal effect of the laser softened the material, reduced the grinding force. The wear pattern of the abrasive grains changed from abrasive fracture and stripping to steady abrasive wear. The effective life of the belt increased by about 33 %. In addition, due to reduction in grinding force, the thermo-mechanical coupling effect caused by material removal is reduced, and the grinding temperature is lowered. As a result of the reduction in grinding force and temperature, the mechanical and thermal stresses are reduced, the oxidation reaction on the surface of the titanium alloy is weakened, and the residual stress is lowered, leading to an improvement in surface quality.

Multi-physical field coupling modeling of microwave heating and reduction behavior of zinc oxide

Microwave heating provides a cleaner pyrometallurgical method for separating zinc from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD, a solid waste generated during steel production with excellent dielectric properties). Despite its undisputed heating efficiency, the impact of microwave heating characteristics on the zinc removal process from EAFD remains unclear. This paper focuses on ZnO, one of the primary components of EAFD, and develops an electromagnetic-thermal-chemical reaction model to analyze the effects of microwave power and graphite addition on heating behavior, reduction reactions, field distributions, and reaction kinetics. The results indicate that the heat generated from the interaction between microwaves and materials exhibits inherent non-uniformity, leading to the localized thermal effect and making the error of general temperature measurement methods. Increasing microwave power and adding graphite enhance heating efficiency and promote the reduction reaction but also result in significant internal-external temperature disparity and worse temperature distribution. At 1000 W, with 1.2 times the stoichiometric amount of graphite addition, the temperature measurement error reaches approximately 200 °C, potentially affecting the kinetic results to a certain degree. The non-isothermal kinetics results from simulations indicate that the localized thermal region exhibits a lower average activation energy of 47.5 kJ/mol compared to experimental results, suggesting that the lower activation energy of the ZnO reduction reaction during microwave heating is primarily caused by the localized thermal effect rather than the non-thermal effect. Additionally, in the energy distribution, the higher proportion of return loss during heating underscores the importance of a well-designed microwave heating system.

Numerical simulation of local and upwind temperature stratification on flow and dispersion in a bi-dimensional street canyon.

The thermal effect mainly includes boundary temperature stratification and the local thermal effect. The combined effect of these factors on flow and dispersion in a bi-dimensional canyon was investigated by the RANS and LES methods to evaluate their performance. The results, including the flow field, turbulent kinetic energy, temperature, heat flux, pollutant concentration and fluxes, were compared with the data from wind tunnel experiments. The comparison results showed that the RANS method severely overestimated the impact of windward heating on the flow in the canyon because of the lack of simulated flow separation ability and the limitation of the Boussinesq model, leading to an incorrect flow field and an incorrect temperature and concentration. In contrast, LES performed better mainly because of its ability to simulate flow separation. LES regenerated the right vortexes, flow field and low wind velocity. LES slightly overestimates the overall temperature in the canyon because heat exchange is eliminated in LES but difficult to avoid in the experiment. The difference in the air exchange rate at the roof level between the LES and wind tunnel data was no more than 5%, and the pollutant concentration distribution of the LES was almost the same as that of the experiments. This work emphasizes that the RANS method has limited ability to simulate flow and dispersion when the thermal effect is considered even at a reduced-scale, while LES can simulate the combined effects of incoming flow temperature stratification and local thermal effects. It is therefore suggested that if computing resources are limited and the temperature difference is not large, a steady-state calculation RANS can be used. Otherwise, LES must be performed.

Effects of surface nanostructure and wettability on CO2 nucleation boiling: A molecular dynamics study

Nanostructured tubes hold great potential for enhancing heat transfer in refrigeration/heat pump systems. Therefore, it is essential to study the effects of nanostructured surface characteristics on refrigerant boiling heat transfer. In this paper, the nucleation boiling behavior of CO2 on the nanostructured surface is simulated using molecular dynamics. The effect mechanism of nanostructure size and surface wettability on CO2 bubbles nucleation and growth is investigated. At first, the nucleation boiling processes of both smooth surfaces and nanostructured surfaces featuring three different wide grooves are simulated. The results show that the local thermal aggregation effect is the key for nanostructures to promote CO2 bubble nucleation. The bubble nucleation efficiency is highest on the nanostructured surface with 5 ​nm wide groove. Then, based on a 5 ​nm wide nanostructured wall surface, the wettability effect on nucleation boiling is investigated by adjusting the potential energy factor α. The results show that the hydrophilic walls enhance the solid-liquid heat transfer and the collision of atoms within the liquid, resulting in boiling heat transfer capacity improvement between CO2 and the walls. The average temperature, average heat flux and critical heat flux in the liquid phase are also improved. A significant temperature gradient between the layers of CO2 liquid is noted on hydrophilic wall, where intermolecular forces and molecular advection dominate the heat transfer mechanism. In contrast, on hydrophobic wall, intermolecular forces dominate the heat transfer process.

Efficient photocatalytic reforming of cellulose for H2 production enabled by oxygen-vacancy rich SrMoO4/palygorskite nanocomposite

Photocatalytic reforming of biomass into hydrogen along with the simultaneous production of high-value chemicals, plays a significant role in advancing a sustainable economy. A major challenge in this process is the effective utilization of photogenerated holes while simultaneously preventing the rapid recombination of photoinduced carriers, which is crucial for optimizing solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. In this study, an exquisite oxygen-rich vacancy (OV) plasmonic SrMoO4/phosphor acidized palygorskite (H-Pal) nanocomposite was prepared for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution while producing high value-added lactic acid (LA) simultaneously. Results showed that the integration of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and OV enhanced the photothermal catalytic conversion of cellulose reaching as high as 87%. Notably, the selectivity of LA reached as high as 31% while the H2-evolution efficiency reached 906 μmol•g-1•h-1. The local thermal effect improved the conversion efficiency of cellulose, and the OV in SrMoO4 introduced instantaneous Lewis acid sites during light irradiation, which improved the selectivity for LA. Moreover, the formation of an S-scheme SrMoO4-OV/H-Pal heterostructure effectively inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and maintained a high redox potential. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for efficient photocatalytic H2-evolution, coupled with production of high-valuable chemicals from biomass resources by taking advantage of clay materials.

Numerical investigation on transpiration cooling with phase change based on multiphysics coupled finite element method

Transpiration cooling with phase change is an efficient active thermal protection method in aerospace. However, conducting numerical simulation of transpiration cooling with phase change is still a challenge, because porous flow, heat transfer and phase change are coupled with each other, which lead to numerical difficulties. In this article, the previous model is modified and the Zero Thickness Area Model (ZTAM) is proposed, which improves the efficiency and convergence significantly. In addition, the local thermal nonequilibrium effect and latent heat can be considered. To verify this ZTAM model, one-dimensional control equations of mass, momentum, and energy transpiration are solved using finite element method. Furthermore, the position of phase change is determined by fixed point iteration numerical algorithm, which shows good convergence. Finally, the influence on cooling effect by heat flux, coolant mass flow rate, porosity and pore diameter is investigated numerically.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin-Silver Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticle synthesis via environmentally friendly methods is gaining interest for their potential advantages over conventional physico-chemical approaches. Herein, we propose a robust green synthesis route for lignin-modified silver nanoparticles, utilizing the recovery of lignin as a renewable raw material and exploring its application in valuable areas. Through a systematic approach combining UV-Vis spectroscopy with AAS and DLS, we identified repeatable and scalable reaction conditions in an aqueous solution at pH 11 for homogeneous silver nanoparticles with high uniformity. The TEM median sizes ranged from 12 to 15 nm with circularity between 0.985 and 0.993. The silver nanoparticles yield exceeded 0.010 mol L−1, comparable with traditional physico-chemical methods, with a minimal loss of silver precursor ranging between 0.5 and 3.9%. Characterization by XRD and XPS revealed the presence of Ag-O bonding involving lignin functional groups on the pure face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver. Moreover, the lignin-modified silver nanoparticles generated a localized thermal effect upon near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), potentially allowing for targeted applications in the biomedical field. Our study showcases the potential of lignin as a renewable reducing and capping agent for silver nanoparticle synthesis, addressing some shortcomings of green synthesis approaches and contributing to the development of suitable nanomaterials.

A modified local thermal non-equilibrium model of transient phase-change transpiration cooling for hypersonic thermal protection

Aiming to efficiently simulate the transient process of transpiration cooling with phase change and reveal the convection mechanism between fluid and porous media particles in a continuum scale, a new two-phase mixture model is developed by incorporating the local thermal non-equilibrium effect. Considering the low-pressure and high overload working conditions of hypersonic flying, the heat and mass transfer induced by capillary and inertial body forces are analyzed for sub-cooled, saturated and super-heated states of water coolant under varying saturation pressures. After the validation of the model, transient simulations for different external factors, including spatially-varied heat flux, coolant mass flux, time-dependent external pressure and aircraft acceleration are conducted. The results show that the vapor blockage patterns at the outlet are highly dependent on the injection mass flux value and the external pressure, and the reduced saturation temperature at low external pressure leads to early boiling off and vapor blockage. The motion of flying has a large influence on the cooling effect, as the inertial force could change the flow pattern of the fluid inside significantly. The comparison of the results from 2-D and 3-D simulations suggests that 3-D simulation shall be conducted for practical application of transpiration cooling, as the thermal protection efficiency may be overestimated by the 2-D results due to the assumption of an infinite width length of the porous plate.

Integrated Copper Nanomaterials‐Decorated Microsphere Photothermal Platform for Comprehensive Melanoma Treatment

Patients who undergo resection for melanoma face challenges, such as delayed healing and radiation dermatitis. Moreover, incomplete tumor resection is a key factor contributing to poor prognosis and increased recurrence rates. However, a therapeutic platform that can effectively prevent tumor recurrence and promote wound healing remains a challenge. Hence, a pioneering approach is presented using melanoma‐derived cancer cell membrane (CM) as a tumor antigen to encapsulate copper (Cu)‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanomaterials to fabricate nanomaterials termed MOF@CM. Then MOF@CM is adsorbed onto polydopamine (PDA)‐modified poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) porous microspheres (PLGA/PDA) to develop the copper nanomaterials‐decorated microspheres termed PLGA/PDA‐CCM (PLGA/PDA loaded with CM‐coated MOF). It exerts homologous tumor targeting and photothermal effects, inducing immunogenic cell death. Simultaneously, the sustained release of MOF@CM shows enhanced antigen presentation in dendritic cells (DCs) with the help of CpG, and induces DC maturation and activated immune responses, acting as an effective vaccine to prevent tumor recurrence. The platform harnesses the combined advantages of the local thermal effect and the presence of a Cu‐based MOF, which endow antibacterial properties and stimulate angiogenesis, thereby facilitating wound healing and mitigating radiation dermatitis. This integrated microsphere treatment platform represents a promising strategy for addressing melanoma.

Physical and Chemical Parameters in Assessment of Metabolic Profiles of Patients With B

Objective: To study catalytic properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and some physical and chemical characteristics of blood in patients with thermal injuries.Materials and methods: We examined blood samples from 24 patients with contact burns involving 10%-40% of the body surface area and studied erythrocyte LDH activity in forward and reverse reactions, kinetic characteristics of this process, and protein concentration. We used teziocrystalloscopy to evaluate crystallogenic properties of blood serum of the examined patients with thermal injuries.Results: Thermal injuries were shown to cause a 2-fold decrease in LDH activity in the reverse reaction. Analysis of crystallogenic properties of blood serum of the patients with contact burns revealed that development of a complex response to a burn injury is accompanied by a moderate decrease in the structure index and crystallizability and a signifi decrease in the clearity of the marginal protein zone. In case of burn disease, we also observed a decrease in the initiative potential of the biological fl In addition, microscope slides of the dried blood serum revealed a tendency to randomization of the sample similar to that found in crystalloscopic facies.Conclusions: The local thermal effect leading to a complex response to a burn injury was found to cause significant transformation of physical and chemical characteristics of blood. Thermal injuries cause a decrease in LDH activity in the reverse reaction leading to a disturbance of the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in the cell and significant shifts in the blood serum composition and properties, which are manifested in a significant change in blood serum crystallogenic and initiating properties.

Hydraulic cylinder rod part surface quality improvement on the local thermal effect basis

In modern mechanical engineering, one of the urgent tasks is to improve the quality of manufacturing of surfaces of contact pairs of hydraulic cylinders. This task is connected, first of all, with the grinding operation, which leads to the formation of burns, microcracks, and scarring. The presence of defects on the surface leads to the formation of a poor-quality protective chrome layer. Destruction of the protective layer during operation breaks the sealing ability of the sealing rings. For this reason, abrasive microparticles enter the contact zone, forming adhesive wear on the surfaces. To increase the performance characteristics of hydraulic cylinders, it is necessary to comply with the quality requirements in the technological process. So, for the part “rod” surface roughness should be Ra = 0.63 μm. It is possible to achieve a given surface quality by replacing the grinding operation with mechanical processing with local thermal influence.

Laser Synthesis of PtMo Single-Atom Alloy Electrode for Ultralow Voltage Hydrogen Generation.

Maximizing atom-utilization efficiency and high current stability are crucial for the platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the Pt single-atom anchored molybdenum (Mo) foil (Pt-SA/Mo-L) as a single-atom alloy electrode is synthesized by the laser ablation strategy. The local thermal effect with fast rising-cooling rate of laser can achieve the single-atom distribution of the precious metals (e.g., Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru) onto the Mo foil. The synthesized self-standing Pt-SA/Mo-L electrode exhibits splendid catalytic activity (31mV at 10mA cm-2 ) and high-current-density stability (≈850mA cm-2 for 50 h) for HER in acidic media. The strong coordination of Pt-Mo bonding in Pt-SA/Mo-L is critical for the efficient and stable HER. In addition, the ultralow electrolytic voltage of 0.598V to afford the current density of 50mA cm-2 is realized by utilization of the anodic molybdenum oxidation instead of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here a universal synthetic strategy of single-atom alloys (PtMo, RhMo, IrMo, and RuMo) as self-standing electrodes is provided for ultralow voltage and membrane-free hydrogen production.

Experimental study on the melting performance of phase change materials embedded with different material skeletons

Embedding a skeleton in an organic phase change material changes its heat transfer properties. The melting process of a composite phase change material embedded respectively with nylon, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy skeleton was investigated experimentally, and the effect of the skeleton material on the phase change process was analyzed in detail. The evolution of the phase-change interface was captured using visible-light imaging, and the temperature field distribution was obtained using an infrared camera. The temperature variations inside the composite phase change material were measured using high-precision thermocouples. The local thermal non-equilibrium effect between the skeleton and phase change material was analyzed using the difference between the temperatures of the skeleton surface and paraffin close to the surface. The results showed that the metal skeleton accelerated the migration of the phase change interface, whereas the nylon skeleton retarded the phase change process, in contrast to the pure phase change material. The complete melting time and energy storage rate of the composite phase change material with the aluminum alloy were lesser (53%) and 59.6% higher than those of the pure phase change material, respectively. The local thermal non-equilibrium effects in the melting process of composite phase change material with different material skeletons were significantly different. The larger the thermal conductivity ratio between the skeleton and phase change material, the more significant the thermal non-equilibrium effect. The maximum thermal non-equilibrium effect in the melting process of the composite phase change material with aluminum alloy skeleton was 1.59℃.

Electrical-thermal-mechanical coupled modeling and simulation on deformation behaviors of Ti6554 alloy in electrically-assisted micro-tension

The electrically assisted forming (EAF) technology can reduce the load & stress and improve the formability of difficult-to-deform alloys due to its coupled thermal and athermal effects. To decouple the two effects and to elucidate each mechanism for deeply understanding and optimizing the EAF processing, we developed an electrothermalmechanical (ETM) macro-meso multiscale model by combing a modified Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive model with the dislocation density based crystal plasticity finite element (DD-CPFE). The modified JC was used to describe the macroscopic electro-assisted deformation, while the meso-scale DD-CPFE was used to deal with the thermal and athermal effects on the slip rate. Statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) were introduced into the Orowan rate equation to explain the thermal effect part, and the athermal part was reflected through the effect of free energy change on the dislocation motion in the rate equation, due to the collision between free electrons and metallic ions. The simulated results show that the equivalent stress, strain, and dislocation densities are distributed heterogeneously in a meso-scale and sensitive to the current density. Local thermal effect due to geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) exerts no effect on the temperature gradient because of rapid heat conduction between grains. The thermal effect is dominated by the thermal expansion obviously reducing the flow stress in the single-phase and two-phase fields (0 to 70 A/mm2), while the athermal effect is effective in the two-phase field (corresponding to the current density range of 0 to 20 A/mm2) in reducing the flow stress, which is reasonably explained by the change of bonding strength in defect zones, such as grain boundaries, of the HCP structure via the first principle calculations.

Manipulation phonon energy for improved thermometric sensitivity of only-core nanoparticles

Luminescent nano thermometry using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has gained attention in recent years due to its potential advantages over conventional methods. One major challenge in practical applications of nanothermometers is achieving high sensitivity. While efforts have been made to improve the sensitivity of individual core nanoparticles, there are few reports on incorporating phonon energy and local crystal field distortions to improve the sensitivity of only-core upconversion nanoparticles. In this study, we propose a new approach to improve the sensitivity of only-core UCNPs thermometers through phonon tuning and self-photogenic heating. We use the ratio of the intensity of two bands (centered at 520 nm and 540 nm) based on dopant Er3+ as a referenced signal for optical sensing of temperature. We use a host material NaYF4 doped with K+ to produce local crystal field changes at the interface, modifying the phonon energy mode. As the temperature increases, the vibrational mode cannot propagate smoothly along the crystal axis throughout the crystal, disrupting the direction of lattice heat conduction and producing a significant local thermal effect on the nanoscale. This leads to a significant increase in sensitivity, and we achieve an enhanced thermal sensitivity more than twice that of conventional core-only nanoparticles.

Experimental investigation on melting heat transfer of paraffin embedded with periodic structure metal framework

Experiments on the melting of pure paraffin and paraffin embedded with a periodic structure metal framework (PEPSMF) in a rectangular cavity are conducted to investigate the effect of the metal framework on phase change. The test section is a closed cavity composed of plexiglass and heating copper plates that is filled with pure paraffin, or PEPSMF. During experiments, constant wall temperatures (Twall = 50, 55, and 60 °C) are applied to the left sides of the test section. Visible and infrared imaging technologies are used to capture the phase fields and temperature fields. High-precision thermocouples are employed to measure the temperature at different locations inside the PEPSMF and on the surface of the heating wall. In addition, the local thermal non-equilibrium effect between the metal framework and the paraffin is analyzed thoroughly. The results reveal that the evolution of the PEPSMF's mushy zone shows unique features due to the heat conduction of the metal framework. PEPSMF has a reduced melting time and a more uniform temperature distribution than pure paraffin. The significant local thermal non-equilibrium effect is found in PEPSMF, which becomes more prominent closer to the heating wall horizontally. The local thermal non-equilibrium effect shows complex fluctuations, with a maximum value of 1.25 °C.

Highly efficient photothermal catalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate via boosted localized heating

Photothermal catalysis driven by clean solar energy efficiently converts plastic waste into high-value-added products. The catalytic process involves the transformation of solar energy to chemical energy. However, designing photothermal catalysts with a high conversion efficiency and catalytic activity remains considerably challenging. In this study, a c-ZIF-8@SiO2 nanostructure is fabricated. It acts both as the photothermal reagent and the catalyst, displaying high photothermal conversion efficiency, catalytic activity, and stability in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glycolysis. SiO2-coated c-ZIF-8 effectively reduces the thermal radiation loss of the carbon material, thus enhancing the local thermal effect of the catalytic system. Consequently, the conversion efficiency of PET achieved using photothermal catalysis is 3.4 times higher than that of thermal catalysis under the same conditions. An economic efficiency analysis proves that photothermal catalysis can save 6390000 kW·h of electricity and reduce up to 3089.59 tons of CO2 emissions for every 10000 tons of PET recycled. Therefore, the development of clean energy-driven photothermal catalysis technology could be a potential solution for the upcycling of waste plastics.

A 3D porous Fe-MoS2/CMF catalyst for high-efficient catalytic reforming of lignin vapor by microwave irradiation

Improving the yield of target monophenols plays an important role in increasing the economic competitiveness of lignin valorization. In this study, a 3D porous Fe-MoS2/CMF catalyst with nanoflower microstructure was successfully fabricated by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The catalytic depolymerization of the lignin β-O-4 model showed that Fe-doping increased the efficiency of the catalytic conversion reaction and promoted the cleavage of the β-O-4 ether bond, in agreement with theoretical calculations. Reforming of lignin depolymerization vapor revealed that the Fe-MoS2/CMF catalysts significantly improved the selectivity of phenol (30.01 wt%) and styrene (16.34 wt%) with the decrease of oligomers. Moreover, finite element simulation showed that the Fe-MoS2/CMF catalysts can also enhancing the local thermal effect by creating hot spots on the surface, thereby facilitate the lignin vapor reforming. Consequently, this work provides a promising method for the efficient production of phenol and styrene from lignin using bimetallic nanoarray microwave responsive catalyst.