Local Tendency Research Articles

Desmoid Fibroma of the Jaw in Pediatric Patients: How should it be Treated?

Desmoid fibroma of the jaw in pediatric patients presents unique challenges in treatment due to its local aggressiveness and tendency for recurrence. The management approach typically involves the following strategies: surgery, observation or adjunctive therapies. We report a case of a 15 years old children with a desmoid fibroma of the jaw operate bye a hemimandibulectomy and reconstruction. The management of desmoid tumours is often surgical due to the risk of extension and recurrence and in children, the impact on growth and facial morphology must be taken into consideration.

Atypical Desmoid Tumor, A Case Report

Desmoid tumors are rare and benign tumors of soft tissues, characterized by local invasion and high tendency to recur despite surgical resection, we study the case of a 19-year-old patient admitted for cervico-facial and parieto-costal swellings, without any significant family history, and we study the CT and magnetic resonance imaging aspects, with an unpredictable and recurrent evolution despite surgical excision, with many studies that affirm the hormonal factor with the progression of the swelling, as well as its decrease in size after menopause for the treatment, there is no consent using the different components, surgery, chemo-radiotherapy with different and uncodified effectiveness.

Peculiarities of Organising Events under Martial Law Conditions

The aim of the article is to analyse the social purpose and to ground peculiarities of organising events under martial law conditions. Results. To achieve the goal of the scientific research, the comparative and systematic methods are used. They allowed to identify and substantiate the specifics of organising events in Ukraine after the Russian full-scale invasion, as well as to outline main directions of functioning and prospects for the development of events in the post-war time. The events are viewed as a symbolic capital of culture, its social marker, a universal means of realising the culture creating potential of the public, which stimulates the study of organisational features of events under martial law conditions. The article traces the relationship between social tendencies and event formats during the Russian aggression; specifies the problems that accompany the process of organising events since the beginning of the full-scale invasion; grounds their content and thematic direction; outlines the directions of functioning of events in the post-war time. Scientific novelty. It is proved that events held in Ukraine during the martial law go through a few stages of functioning: the stage of stagnation and re-profiling, which is inherent to event agencies in the first months of the war; the stage of a peculiar revival, which begins in the summer of 2022 and lasts until the end of 2023; the stage of adaptation and recovery, which begins in early 2024 and continues to nowadays. These periods differ in terms of event formats, target audience, and functional focus. Conclusions. It is proved that the specifics of event organisation under martial law conditions are relevant goals and objectives of a certain event; theming and structure of the event, innovative approaches to the format of the event and the way of its implementation. Such a vision is substantiated that in the post-war years the Ukrainian event industry will be characterised by a symbiosis of international, Ukrainian and local tendencies in the development of the event industry with an emphasis on the cultural ecosystem and public activity

Theoretical Dimension of Modern Designers’ Conceptual Forms of Creativity

The aim of the article is to identify key characteristics of artistic and design practices interaction; to define directions of conceptual design development based on the results of analysing scientific and theoretical foundations of conceptualism as a special form of the artists’ creativity in the 20th century. Results. It is demonstrated that the focus of modern designers on conceptual forms of creativity is explained by the fact that they contribute to forming unique authors’ projects of aesthetic and value content, innovative searches in the context of cultural and civilisational shifts. A conceptual costume of the beginning of the 21st century is a kind of mediator between art practices of conceptual art and design practices in the sphere of project culture, synthesising social and psychological aspects of fashion, social and symbolic functions of clothing. A conceptual design narrativises philosophical, artistic and technological aspects of design, enriching design products with an expressive metaphoricity. It is revealed that in modern art history a clear definition of the term system of the conceptual direction in design has not been formed till now. The research of this complex phenomenon, synthesised by fashion and artistic clothing design, requires a complex interdisciplinary approach. The conceptual costume is studied as an art-design object from the standpoint of global and local tendencies in the society development, which declare certain worldview values in the form of a visual metaphor. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the theoretical understanding of the conceptual costume grounds on the interaction of design with culture and art as a special space of its direct functioning, which makes it possible to form project conceptualism as a special methodology. Conclusions. The authors’ concepts in the costume are extrapolated in different ways: as visual quotations or metaphors; as a transformation of the art object idea into the form of the costume. Actually, they need in-depth and detailed studying.

The role of third parties in shaping transboundary cooperation of the Sixaola river basin (Costa Rica and Panama): an analysis through States’ involvement, technocratic turn, and reterritorialization

Transboundary water management in the Sixaola basin, shared by Costa Rica and Panama, has historically involved significant contributions from thrid - third and not thrid - parties. This study investigates their evolving roles and the implications for governance in this context. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of non-State actors interventions over time, focusing on changes in strategies, priorities, and their impact on transboundary basin governance. Our findings indicate that while non-state actor initiatives have attracted attention and financial resources, they have also introduced significant governance challenges, leading to inconsistencies in basin development. The analysis reveals that limited governmental involvement and the technocratic turn in development strategies have raised questions about basin development and its tangible impacts. Additionally, reterritorialization efforts highlight a local tendency to better align existing functional spaces with local concerns. This study contributes to the literature on transboundary basin management by providing insights into the multifaceted role of non-state actors in the Sixaola basin. It explores a case where governments remain distant in defining governance systems, highlighting the added value of focusing on non-state actors to grasp the complexity of hydropolitics and discussing the politics of river basin development.

Molecular dynamics simulation of salt diffusion in constituting phosphazene-based polymer electrolyte

A growing demand to visualize polymer models in liquid poses a computational challenge in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, as this requires emerging models under suitable force fields (FFs) to capture the underlying molecular behaviour accurately. In our present study, we have employed TIP3P potential on water and all atomistic optimized potentials for liquid simulations FFs to study the liquid electrolyte behavior of phosphazene-based polymer by considering its potential use in lithium-ion polymer batteries. We have explored the polymer's local structure, chain packing, wettability, and hydrophobic tendencies against the silicon surface using a combination of a pseudocontinuum model in MD simulation, and surface-sensitive sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. The finding yields invaluable insights into the molecular architecture of phosphazene. This approach identifies the importance of hydrophobic interactions with air and hydrophilic units with water molecules in understanding the behavior and properties of phosphazene-based polymers at interfaces, contributing to its advancements in materials science. The MD study uniquely captures traces of the polymer-ion linkage, which is observed to become more pronounced with the increase in polymer weight fraction. The theoretical observation of this linkage's influence on lithium-ion diffusion motion offers valuable insights into the fundamental physics governing the behavior of atoms and molecules within phosphazene-based polymer electrolytes in aqueous environments. Further these predictions are corroborated in the molecular-level depiction at the air-aqueous interface, as evidenced from the OH-oscillator strength variation measured by the SFG spectroscopy.The fundamental findings from this study open new avenues for utilizing MD simulation as a versatile methodology to gain profound insights into intermolecular interactions of polymer. It could be useful in the application of biomedical and energy-related research, such as polymer lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and organic solar cells.

Photogrammetry of airborne image set at high landslide disaster risk region using Meshroom and Blender

Abstract We report the application of the photogrammetry method to reconstruct three-dimensional topographic mesh at a high disaster risk region. This work is aimed to identify the landslide potencies of the area by means of slope analysis of the given area around the Bandung Basin rim. Our method proposes a low-cost aerial survey and an effective algorithm in order to map the local landslide tendencies. In order to perform image processing and 3D representation we utilized the photogrammetric pipeline in the Meshroom software. The post-processing of the 3D model was performed using Blender. In this research, we use a commercial camera drone as an image capturing device. As a test case we processed 183 images of an area of 51 m². The image-processing takes about 39 minutes on a 12 cores computer accompanied with a GPU card. From this set of images, we have yielded a three-dimensional slope structure comprising a total of 85,850 mesh nodes. As the result of this research, we propose the optimization of the image set and a list of post processing works of the nodes that can be used in order to characterize landslide disaster risk of the disaster-prone region in a fast and accurate manner.

Nonlinear dielectric response in glass formers: Restoring forces and avoided spin-glass criticality.

Experimental measurements of nonlinear dielectric response in glass formers like supercooled glycerol or propylene carbonate have been interpreted as providing evidence for a growing thermodynamic length scale when lowering temperature. A heuristic picture based on coherently flipping "superdipoles" with disordered internal structure has been argued to capture the essence of the experimentally reported behavior, pointing to the key role of effectively disordered interactions in structural glasses. We test these ideas by devising an explicit one-dimensional model of interacting spins incorporating both the spin-glass spirit of the superdipole argument and the necessary long-time decorrelation of structural disorder, encoded here in a slow dynamics of the coupling constants. The frequency-dependent third-order response of the model qualitatively reproduces the typical humped shape reported in experiments. The temperature dependence of the maximum value is also qualitatively reproduced. In contrast, the humped shape of the third-order response is not reproduced by a simple kinetically constrained spin model with noninteracting spins. To rationalize these results, we propose a two-length-scale scenario by distinguishing between the characteristic length of dynamical heterogeneities and a rigidity length that accounts for the local tendency of spins to flip coherently as a block, in the presence of interactions. We show that both length scales are identical in the kinetically constrained spin model, while they have significantly different dynamics in the model of interacting spins.

Unveiling the deformation micro-mechanism for mechanical anisotropy of a CoCrFeNi medium entropy alloy

The equiatomic Cr-Co-Fe-Ni medium-entropy alloy has the face-centered cubic structure. Single crystals of this alloy were tested by in-situ micropillar compression along different loading axes under scanning electron microscope. The transmission electron microscopy characterization and molecular dynamics simulation were incorporated for quantitative analysis of the effects of different crystal orientations on the deformation mechanisms. The <001>-oriented pillar not only exhibited extensive deformation-induced nano twinning, but also has been identified for the first time to undergo the FCCHCP phase transformation at room temperature. The strain localization tendency of <011>-oriented samples was confirmed through uniaxial tests to interpret the significant serration on stress-strain curves. The prominent strain hardening of <111>-oriented pillars was attributed to intense intersection between slip planes as evidenced by the extra density of Lomer-Cottrell locks. Such a high hardening rate has caused subsequent kinking of pillars. Functional division of different regions of kink band was conducted based on Orowan model. In principle, multi-principal element alloys can theoretically be designed and developed to combine a variety of excellent properties, which is an important class of candidate structural materials for advanced engineering systems. These findings provide promising guidance for understanding the mechanical anisotropy and application of these alloys.

A comparison between tensile and hole expansion properties in 800 MPa tensile strength grade hot-rolled steels

Sheared edge formability can play a critical role in cold forming of high-strength hot-rolled steels due to susceptibility to edge cracking. Standardized ISO 16630 hole expansion test is currently the most widely used method to estimate sheared edge formability of steel sheets, however, there has been increasing interest in the industry to reduce the amount of required testing. The aim of this paper was to compare hole expansion performance of hot-rolled strip steels to various uniaxial tensile test results. The five investigated steels were selected to have 3 mm thickness and similar (838±10 MPa) longitudinal tensile strength level while consisting of different microstructures. Tensile properties were measured in 0°, 45°, and 90° angle relative to the rolling direction to investigate anisotropy. Plastic strain ratios were determined by digital image correlation measurement. Local ductility was evaluated with thickness strain measurements (εp_amin) on fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens. To investigate stretch-flangeability, ISO 16630 conforming hole expansion tests were performed. Test holes were produced by punching and by wire electrical discharge machining (W-EDM) to evaluate edge damage tolerance of the materials. The hole expansion ratios (HER) were not observed to correlate with majority of the investigated tensile test results, such as uniform elongation and yield strength. However, a good correlation between HER and planar anisotropy was observed. Planar anisotropy is seen to affect strain localization tendency around the hole. The HER values of neither punched nor W-EDM specimens correlated clearly with εp_amin measurement results. The results show that at a similar strength level, anisotropy is highly influencing the hole expansion performance of hot-rolled steels, and that the HER is not reliably predicted by a single local formability parameter.

On the Local Available Potential Energy Perspective of Baroclinic Wave Development

Abstract Extratropical cyclones convert available potential energy (APE) to kinetic energy. However, our current understanding of APE conversion on synoptic scales is limited, as the well-established Lorenz APE framework is only applicable in a global, volume-integrated sense. Here, we employ a recently developed local APE framework to investigate APE and its tendencies in a highly idealized, dispersive baroclinic wave, which leads to the formation of a primary and a downstream cyclone. By utilizing a Lagrangian approach, we demonstrate that locally the downstream cyclone not only consumes APE but also generates it. Initially, APE is transported from both poleward and equatorward reservoirs into the baroclinic zone, where it is then consumed by the vertical displacement of air parcels associated with the developing cyclone. To a lesser extent, APE is also created within the cyclone when air parcels overshoot their reference state; i.e., air colder than its reference state is lifted and air warmer than its reference state is lowered. The volume integral of the APE tendency is dominated by slow vertical displacements of large air masses, whereas the dry intrusion (DI) and warm conveyor belt (WCB) of the cyclone are responsible for the largest local APE tendencies. Diabatic effects within the DI and WCB contribute to the generation of APE in regions where it is consumed adiabatically, thereby enhancing baroclinic conversion in situ. Our findings provide a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the local APE tendency on synoptic scales within an idealized setting and complement existing frameworks explaining the energetics of cyclone intensification.

Impact of Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation on the Simulation of Mesoscale Descending Inflow and Secondary Eyewall Formation in Hurricane Matthew (2016)

AbstractThe impact of assimilating ground‐based radar reflectivity on the rainband structure and secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Hurricane Matthew (2016) is investigated within the framework of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model and its hybrid three‐dimensional ensemble‐variational data assimilation (DA) system. Compared to the control experiment (no radar reflectivity DA), the radar reflectivity DA experiment shows a clear signal of concentric eyewall and eyewall replacement cycle. Results demonstrate that radar reflectivity DA improves the stratiform rainband analysis, resulting in the mid‐level cooling associated with mesoscale descending inflow (MDI). The MDI further contributes to the low‐level acceleration maximum with boundary layer dynamics and triggers new convective updrafts in the SEF region. Momentum budget analysis also suggests that the mean vertical advection of absolute angular momentum plays an important role in the local momentum tendency in the SEF region in Hurricane Matthew (2016).

Evaluating High‐Pressure Torsion Scale‐Up

Increasing sample dimensions in high‐pressure torsion (HPT) processing affects load and torque requirements, deformation distribution, and heating. Finite‐element modeling (FEM) and experiments are used to investigate the effect of technical parameters on the scaling up of HPT. Simulations confirm that axial load and torque requirements are proportional to the square and the cube of the sample radius, respectively. The temperature rise also displays a pronounced dependency on the radius. Decreasing the diameter‐to‐thickness ratio can cause heterogeneity in strain distribution along the thickness direction at the edges of the sample. Such heterogeneity is governed by friction conditions between the material and the lateral wall of the anvil depression. Simulation of HPT processing of ring‐shaped samples shows that it is possible to reach more homogeneous distribution of strain and flow stress in the processed material. Experiments using magnesium confirm a tendency for strain localization in the early stage of HPT processing but increasing the number of turns increases the homogeneity of the material. The embodied energy in HPT processing is discussed.

Modified Coot bird optimization algorithm for solving community detection problem in social networks

Community detection (CD) is a powerful way to extract meaningful information from networks such as political election networks, biological networks, social networks, technological networks. This study proposes a modified discrete version of Coot bird natural life model (COOT) optimization algorithm to solve CD problem in the networks. The basic COOT method is based on the different collective behaviors of the birds of the coot family. These collective actions of coots are regular and irregular movements on the water surface. The position update rule of the basic COOT method does not provide a balance between exploitation and exploration ability for the problem addressed in this study. Therefore, a new update mechanism is integrated into the basic COOT method to extend the local and global search tendencies of the basic COOT method. In the proposed COOT method (for short MCOOT), in order to create a new position for the current coot individual, first the original update mechanism of COOT method is carried out; then, the proposed update mechanism is executed. Three important modifications have been made in the new update mechanism: (1) Some dimensions of the current coot individual are randomly selected in the range of 1 to the dimension size of the problem; (2) the selected dimensions of the coot individual are updated according to the proposed update rule; (3) a genetic mutation operator is executed on the current coot position according to a mutation probability to improve the exploration ability. Furthermore, in the proposed MCOOT method, the continuous values of the current coot positions are converted to discrete values, because the CD problem is a discrete problem. Based on these modifications, in order to analyze and validate the effectiveness of the proposed MCOOT, it is applied on ten different small-sized or large-sized network problems. Finally, the experimental results of MCOOT method are compared with those of some state-of-the-art optimization methods in terms of solution quality and time evaluation. According to the experiments of our study, the proposed algorithm is obtained the best results for all community detection problems used in this study when compared with 22 other algorithms. As a result, the proposed method achieves superior or comparable performance in terms of solution quality and robustness according to the general results. Therefore, the proposed method can be much more competitive, especially for discrete problems.

Microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of Al-20Mg2Si composites with trace La addition

Trace La element was introduced in Al-20Mg2Si composites to regulate the microstructure and corrosion performance. The modification mechanism of trace La and the corrosion behavior of the newly developed composites were systematically investigated by thermal analysis, microstructural observations and electrochemical tests. Our study reveals that the addition of only 0.10% La can refine the size of the primary Mg2Si phase from 77.6 to 26.7 µm, modify its morphology from a coarse dendrite to a fine truncated octahedron and reduce the corrosion current density from 5.96 μA cm−2 to 3.03 μA cm−2. Trace La refines the primary Mg2Si phase size by forming a tiny LaAlSi phase which can provide effective heterogeneous nuclei for the primary Mg2Si phase during solidification. Excess La atoms can selectively adsorb on the {100} facets of the primary Mg2Si phase and suppress the preferential growth of the Mg2Si phase, eventually resulting in the morphological transition of the primary Mg2Si phase from dendrite to truncated octahedron shape. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the La micro-alloyed Al-20Mg2Si composites can be attributed to the formation of stronger protective surface oxide films and finer primary Mg2Si phase. The protective oxide films can effectively hinder the penetration of the corrosive medium and the finer primary Mg2Si phase can weaken the localized corrosion tendency of the Al-Mg2Si composites.

Effects of House Flips on Local Housing Transactions

This study explores the possible impacts of short-term house trades, often called “house flips,” on local housing markets. Using nationally representative data across multiple U.S. housing markets during 2000–2013, we test the Spillover Hypothesis and the alternative Competition Hypothesis for the influences of flips on the neighborhood non-flip house transactions. We find that the local flip tendency, our measurement for local flip activity, is negatively associated with the holding durations of neighborhood houses experiencing non-flip resales, and positively associated with their resale prices, after we control for market conditions that affect both flip and non-flip transactions as well as other potential determinants for holding duration and price. The effects are generally more prominent when the local flip tendency is measured for a longer run, supporting the Spillover Hypothesis. These effects are also persistent regardless of whether the local flip tendency is defined as the proportion of flips in the local resales by transaction number or by transaction volume, or whether it is measured continuously or discretely. The results also hold when we endogenize the local flip tendency, or when we change the neighborhood size. These findings demonstrate the substantial influences of flip activities to the local housing market turnover and price movements.

On the utilization controversy in the demand-led growth literature: A quantile unit root approach

The demand-led growth literature is embroiled in a controversy surrounding the long-run stationarity of capacity utilization. One perspective posits that a non-stationary rate of capacity utilization implies its endogeneity to aggregate demand, aligning with the neo-Kaleckian model. In contrast, an opposing viewpoint suggests the possibility of long-run stability independent of demand fluctuations. Conventional empirical approaches generally support the latter viewpoint. This study proposes a novel way to estimate capacity utilization persistence by using a quantile autoregression (QAR) model, which allows for the possibility that shocks of different signs and magnitudes impact capacity utilization differently. Using official survey measures from developed and developing countries, we find evidence in favor of local unit root tendencies, with recessions exhibiting persistent effects on utilization. Additionally, we identify an asymmetric capacity utilization response, where, in general, recessive shocks are persistent while positive shocks are transitory. These results provide a fresh perspective on how capacity utilization responds to different economic conditions.

Structural and stress state dependence of small-scale deformation in bulk metallic glass

Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) are attractive for myriad structural applications at multiple length scales (nano-micro-macro) but show limited bulk plasticity due to the tendency for shear localization. However, there is limited understanding of the effect of structural state and stress state on the small-scale deformation behavior of BMGs. Here, the micro-scale deformation behavior of a model Ni-based BMG was studied in as-cast and corresponding relaxed state under multiaxial nano-indentation, uniaxial micro-pillar compression, and micro-cantilever beam bending. The relaxed BMG showed 6 % higher hardness, 22 % higher yield strength, and 26 % higher bending strength compared to its as-cast counterpart. The increase in hardness, yield strength, and bending strength for the relaxed alloy compared to its as-cast counterpart demonstrates the relation of intrinsic free volume present in a BMG to its resistance for initiation of plastic events at this scale. Both the as-cast and corresponding relaxed samples showed stable notch opening and blunting during micro-cantilever bending tests rather than unstable crack propagation. However, pronounced notch weakening was observed for both the structural states, with the bending strength lower by ∼ 25 % for the notched samples compared to the un-notched samples. This work may stimulate further investigations into the deformation behavior of BMGs in response to complex stress states pertinent to real-world structural applications at small scale.

On the role of shape and distribution of secondary voids in the mechanism of coalescence

Ductile fracture of metals at room temperature has been studied extensively. Since localization of plastic flow is often viewed as a precursor to ductile fracture, several computational studies analyzing the influence of stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter on the critical strain for onset of localization have been reported. The implications of strain localization in materials containing randomly distributed voids for the mode of failure, that is, internal necking or shear banding have also been discussed. Apart from the influence of stress state, it is also of interest to model the effect of fine-scale microstructural attributes on the mode of failure and, hence, on material’s ductility. Therefore, in the present work, the mechanism of ductile fracture of an elastic–plastic solid containing two populations of pre-existing voids is modeled numerically. In the undeformed state, all the voids belonging to each family are assumed to have identical shape and size. Two different periodic spatial arrangements of primary voids are considered such that, in the absence of secondary voids, one of the configurations leads to internal necking whereas the other one exhibits a tendency for shear localization as the mode of coalescence for the larger voids. Small size secondary voids are then introduced explicitly and the role of shape and distribution of these sub-microscopic voids in the mechanism of coalescence and final failure is illustrated under plane strain as well as axisymmetric tension with a superposed hydrostatic stress. Depending on the microstructural attributes of the secondary voids, the mode of primary void coalescence is observed to shift from internal necking to void-sheeting and vice-versa. The implications of this shift in the mode of void coalescence on mesoscopic ductility is examined and a comparison of numerical predictions is made with the available experimental results.

Effect of perception of sustainability in local food experiences on healthy eating tendency: mediator and moderator effects.

Tourists who favor local food typically care about healthy food choices. Their view of locally produced food as healthy is related to perceptions of sustainability. This relationship can be explained by tourists' personality traits and tendency to eat local food. This study aimed to establish the effect of tourists' perceptions of sustainability in the context of local food experiences on healthy eating tendencies. In addition, we aimed to determine the role of tourists' personality traits and local eating tendencies and elucidate the moderating role of searching online for information on food choices. An online questionnaire (via e-mail and WhatsApp) was used to obtain data from 379 research participants, recruited using a non-probabilistic sampling technique. A research model and hypotheses were formed based on Hayes PROCESS Macro models 90 and 6, and moderator and mediator effects were analyzed using these models. Healthy eating was well-explained by the model, and the perception of social and environmental sustainability in local food experiences (LFE-SES) positively affected food-related personality traits (FRPT), local food eating tendencies (LFET), and healthy eating (HE). While food-related personality traits did not mediate the relationship between the perception of sustainability and healthy eating, local food eating tended to mediate this relationship. In addition, when food-related personality traits and local food eating tendencies were evaluated together, they had a mediating role between the perception of sustainability and healthy eating. Searching online for information had an insignificant moderating effect. These findings help promote an understanding of healthy eating tendencies. Within the context of local food, they suggest critical theoretical and practical implications for the relationship between the perception of sustainability, food-related personality traits, local food eating tendencies, and healthy eating.