Local Public Enterprises Research Articles

Initiating, enacting and sustaining partnerships to inform post-school pathways

ABSTRACT Partnerships with local public sector agencies, enterprises and tertiary institutions offer a means to inform young people about post-school pathways into working life and occupations that schools alone cannot achieve. Informing about those pathways is an important, yet, complex educational goal for schooling. This is because much of schooling effort privileges and is directed towards higher education entry. Often advice provided to young people through schools is by teachers and administrators who are, understandably, unacquainted with the range of post-school pathways other than higher education. School guidance officers report being ill-equipped and unable to provide students personalised advice. Consequently, sources of advice and experiences beyond the school are now being utilised, particularly through the growing role of partnerships. These partnerships take diverse forms and comprise different kinds of institutional alignments and are increasingly being viewed as essential bases for supporting effective and informed post-school transitions. This article presents and discusses a review of literature and a recent investigation to advance principles and practices of how such partnerships can be best initiated, enacted, and sustained over time and they can meet the goals of informing and guiding young people’s pathways, including options other than progression to higher education.

공기업의 법적 개념에 관한 연구

In the 2021 research service report “Estimation of the GDP share of public institutions” issued by the National Assembly Budget Office, there are many differences in the definition of public institutions and the availability of basic statistical data, so the “definition of public institutions” hinders the creation of statistical data. indicating that it is happening. If the creation of statistics, which is extremely important in modern society, is hindered by legal definition, it can be said that the responsibility of legal scholars has played a significant role. Although the legal concept of public enterprise has improved a lot in recent years, the influence of the anachronistic Otto Mayer’s concept is still ubiquitous. In the European Union, where most of the civil law countries are located, the Commission noted in 1980, precisely this criterion, qualifying as public any undertaking over which the public authorities may exercise directly or indirectly a dominant influence on the property, the financial participation or the rules they impose. Otto Mayer used the word “établissement public” interchangeably with the word public enterprise(“entreprise publique”), referring to a public enterprise as “the sum total of material or human means for the purpose of continuously serving a specified public interest in the hands of a public administration.”
 In France, it was the Blanco decision in 1873 that public service was declared as criterion to the “Droit Administratif” in the administrative litigation, and public service was divided into administrative public service and commercial and industrial public service. Since it was the 1921, West African Commercial Society decision, the commercial and industrial public service activities was excluded from the subject of administrative action and became the subject of civil suit. Otto Mayer understood public service as public service, which is the public administration activity that is subject to administrative suit in its entirety, that is, the public enterprise he expressed.(“entreprise publique”). Until World War I, public corporations as corporations that we understand today had been laissez-faire based on the concept of “the night watch state (Etat gendarme),” and due to the general mobilization nature of World War I, the state did not intervene extensively in the economy. At the beginning, due to the nationalization of private companies to wage war, public corporations began to become popular, and after the end of World War I, the West African commercial society judgment in 1921 made the activities of public corporations the subject of civil law suits. So, today’s organic concept of a public enterprise and Otto Mayer's concept of an operative nature must be disconnected. The word “public enterprise patent” used by Otto Meyer also refers to today's public service patents of an administrative nature, such as patents on eminent domain, which is a completely different concept from today's public corporations consisting of commercial and industrial corporations and joint stock companies under commercial law. Therefore, it should no longer be used.
 The Act on the Operation of Public Institutions is not an Basic Law. It is a plan to classify public corporations and quasi-governmental organizations based on the proportion of their own revenues out of total revenues, rather than classifying public corporations and quasi-governmental organizations based on their respective legal characteristics. As a convenient idea only for financial control by the Ministry of Finance, it is necessary to seek a control method corresponding to the classification according to the legal nature. The Local Public Enterprise Act confuses public corporations in the functional and organizational senses from their definition. Administrative law evolves in line with political and socioeconomic changes.

지방공기업의 신뢰향상 방안에 관한 연구

This study is an empirical analysis of the factors influencing the trust in local public enterprises, conducted to ensure trust and to promote more community-friendly local public enterprises. For the empirical analysis of this study, communication factors and socio-economic benefits were set as independent variables, and residents’ participation factors were used as mediators. To verify the hypothesis of this study, a survey was conducted targeting residents over the age of 20 living in 16 cities, and 488 questionnaires were collected and used for empirical analysis.
 The empirical analysis results showed that communication factors, socio-economic benefits, and residents’ participation factors all significantly affect the trust in local public enterprises. Based on the empirical analysis results, there are a few steps that local public enterprises need to take in order to secure the trust of the residents. First, they need to establish a ‘citizen shareholder group’ where local residents can participate and provide opinions. Second, they need to prepare measures for co-prosperity cooperation with local residents for creating shared value (CSV). Lastly, not only should they prepare regular communication venues for communication with residents and development of co-prosperity cooperation, which are indicators of local public enterprise management evaluation, but also executives and members should make efforts for active co-prosperity activities and establishment of systems.

지방공기업에서 장애인 채용 영향요인에 대한 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect the employment of people with disabilities in local public enterprises as a public institution. In order to promote the employment of the disabled, the government has made many efforts at the government level, such as establishing plans to promote the employment of the disabled in public institutions. Since many previous studies on hiring of people with disabilities have been conducted centering on private companies, this study aims to analyze the hiring of people with disabilities, focusing on local public companies, which are public institutions. Location and industry types as organizational characteristics as influencing factors, ethical management and consideration for the socially underprivileged as recognition factors for employment of the disabled, and management performance as economic factors were set to verify the impact on the mandatory employment of the disabled in local public enterprises. As influencing factors, it was found that the location of the institution, ethical management, and management performance had a positive effect on the mandatory employment of the disabled in local public enterprises. Based on these results, we would like to present policy implications for promoting the employment of the disabled in local public enterprises.

공공기관의 안전보건경영체계 도입에 따른 안전사고 예방관리 영향분석

In December 2018, a series of accidents occurred in public organizations, including a rupture in an old heat transport pipe near Baekseok Station in Goyang-si, a derailment of the Gangneung Line KTX train, and a young worker trapped in the Taean Thermal Power Plant. Consequently, the government has issued guidelines outlining comprehensive measures to enhance safety in public organizations and safety management. However, there is insufficient research on the results and effects of these measures. This study analyzed the impact of implementing the safety and health management system and designating safety management priority organizations on the safety management grades of 99 public organizations included in the safety management rating system in 2021. Based on the results of this study, it can contribute to preventing safety accidents in the public sector. Furthermore, it emphasizes that this can be achieved by improving the safety capabilities of central administrative agencies, local governments, and local public enterprises that share similar work characteristics with public organizations.

지방도시개발공사의 자산회전율 분석

The government is proposing to promote structural reform, strengthen financial soundness, strengthen public-private cooperation, and reorganize the management system in the direction of innovation of local public institutions. In order to strengthen financial soundness, this study analyzed the asset turnover rate over the past 10 years for local development corporations, which account for the largest proportion among local public enterprises, and the analysis results are as follows. First, the asset turnover rate of the urban development corporation is relatively low compared to that of domestic private companies or foreign similar companies. Second, the performance of asset turnover by type is the highest return on equity, followed by non-current asset turnover, current asset turnover, and total asset turnover ratio. Third, as a result of dividing metropolitan cities and metropolitan provinces, it was analyzed that the level of turnover ratios in metropolitan provinces was relatively higher than that of metropolitan cities in all asset turnover indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply an indicator to determine whether equity capital is undevervalued in relation to equity capital turnover ratio, and consider increasing the weight of management evaluation on the total asset turnover index. It is necessary to strengthen measures to utilize cashable assets in various ways, and to verify whether asset turnover indicators are efficiently managed in mid-to long-term financial management plans in management evaluation indicators.

Međuopštinska saradnja u Srbiji - mogućnosti i praktični dometi

European experiences indicate numerous forms of inter-municipal cooperation, ranging from simpler forms aimed at more efficient and rational management (such as joint local public enterprises or shared administrations) to integrative forms where inter-municipal unions are formed, possessing legal subjectivity and their own governance structure (union assembly, president, budget, etc.). The main purpose of such cooperation models is the collective decision-making on public policies and jointly management of territorial development encompassing multiple municipalities. This can serve as an alternative to formal regionalization and regional self-governance, particularly in cases where the regional level of governance is underdeveloped. These experiences can be valuable for Serbia, considering that formal decentralization has not been embraced as an option by the authorities thus far, despite the need for regional governance, especially in the context of European integration, balanced regional development, and further democratization. The legislator in Serbia has not yet anticipated this kind of complex or integrative inter-municipal cooperation. However, in recent years, there has been a promotion of the idea of inter-municipal cooperation (in simpler forms), which is reflected in the current Law on Local Self-Government, as well as in the initial financial incentives. The paper initially presents the challenges of modern governance and reform directions, as well as the significance and practical scope of inter-municipal cooperation in European countries. Subsequently, the formal-legal possibilities for municipalities in Serbia to cooperate are examined, followed by practical implications and possibilities (based on European practices) that can be developed in the future.

주민참여를 통한 지방공기업 청렴도 제고 방안 분석

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the conceptual expansion plan of integrity based on the understanding of the concept of integrity of local public enterprises. Specifically, we will examine the integrity of local public enterprises and how they are studied, and conceptually expand it to present the integrity of local public enterprises in terms of resident participation. Major studies of local public enterprises focus on organizational performance, but discussions on local public enterprises are needed from the perspective of residents in that local public enterprises ultimately provide services to improve the quality of life of local residents. For the analysis, data from Evaluation Institute of Regional Public Corporation's perception of residents' participation plan were used. As a result of the analysis, looking at the aspect of resident participation, it was found that having a positive motivation for participation had a significant effect on raising the awareness of employees of local public corporations. On the other hand, it was found that the motivation to participate in pursuit of negative purposes or personal interests had a negative (-) effect on employees' awareness. However, regardless of the intention of the motivation to participate, there was no statistical significance in the means of check and monitoring. In the end, it can be seen that the participation of residents is necessary to improve the internal organizational culture of employees. It was found that the level of participation consciousness had a positive effect on integrity when actively recognizing the necessity. On the other hand, it was understood that the check and monitoring system could be secured through participation in the case of recognition of time waste and formation of bonds with the region. In the case of organizational management and information provision, which are the existing major factors, the leader's management capabilities and information provision from an objective point of view were significant in securing checks and monitoring means. However, if local public enterprises recognize that they provide only information showing the positive position of the institution, negative results were found in securing check and monitoring.

주거정책의 지방화 전략: 공공임대주택을 중심으로

Since housing is a location-fixed property, the causes and solutions for housing problems in each region are inevitably different. Accordingly, since the 1990s, when the local autonomy system began, there has been continued discussions on the necessity of localizing housing policies. However, the central government still plays a leading role in the planning and implementation of housing policies, and the local governments play a supportive role. While focusing on the public rental housing policies, this paper aims to identify the obstacles deterring the localization of housing policies and to suggest practical implications for expanding the role of local governments in public housing policies. Through in-depth interviews with major stakeholders such as local governments and local public enterprises, this paper argues that the local government’s comprehensive housing plan should be strengthened in terms of its status and role. In the proposed new system, local governments establish public rental housing policies in consideration of individual local conditions. The central government should present budget allocation standards so that local governments can reduce the financial burden of the supply and management of public rental housing.

지방공기업 부채감축 정책의 성과 분석 및 시사점 연구

In the era of local decentralization, the role of local public enterprises will be emphasized more than ever. Through local public enterprises, local governments can respond quickly to various preferences of local residents and supply public services suitable for their conditions. It is however necessary to increase the efficiency of local public enterprises and maintain their financial healthy because it could become a potential risk to local finances. This study therefore aims to examine the cause of the increase in local public enterprises' debt through discussions on the decentralization and analyzes the performance of policy conducted by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety to reduce debt of local public enterprises in 2014. To this end, this study conduct the differnece-in-difference method. As a result, the fiscal soundness and productivity of those which supervised by central government are improved compared to those which do not. Through these findings, this study emphasizes that in future discussions on decentralization, it is necessary to discuss accountability for local public services and finances as well as the transfer of authority and functions of central government to local governments.

정부업무평가와 지방공기업평가에 대한 연구

Korea is excessively and extensively evaluated, and the effectiveness of the public sector is lower than that of foreign countries compared to the level of formalization. In addition, as performance evaluation is perceived as a control means, evaluation results are not properly utilized. In particular, local public enterprises should reflect regional characteristics as they perform the function of local decentralization, autonomy and breakwater from changes in government. There is a problem with the evaluation method, which is not only an evaluation for local residents, but also an evaluation by local residents, that is, in terms of regional decentralization, the evaluation method that is becoming a means of achieving the purpose according to the government without evaluation flexibility and autonomy, and without reflecting regional characteristics. In order to solve this problem, local public enterprises need not only management for local residents but also incorporation of methods managed and evaluated by local residents First, public enterprises are not private enterprises, and the 'voluntary clearance of differences' of public enterprises that only consider efficiency like private enterprises is not management innovation for local public enterprises. The management method and performance evaluation of local public enterprises should essentially be changed to a stakeholder model by local residents. Second, in the case of local public enterprises, the process (P·D·S) model, planning, execution, and performance were decided as evaluations of a year, and the public interest index was added according to the policy necessity of the higher authorities, so that the pareto optimum of public interest and profitability suitable for the local or institutional measurement was not achieved. It should be changed to a content evaluation model, so that it can evaluate public interest and become easy to introduce a scientific method that determines effectiveness according to policy compliance. In particular, the proportion of public interest and profitability can be presented and reflected in the evaluation depending on the purpose of the institution's establishment. Third, the lack of meta-evaluation and evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the proper systematic evaluation model after evaluation in the public sector is the result of the horizontal comparative evaluation according to the short-term goal of Korea's annual performance evaluation. The validity of the purpose of the evaluation of local public enterprises, the suitability of the evaluation model, methods or indicators, and the effectiveness of the evaluation needs to be verified.

A Study on Management Discretion of Municipal Hospital Managers and its Hindering Factors

This paper aims to quantify the degree of managerial discretion held by business managers and hospital directors in municipal hospitals in India through the concept of managerial discretion and to clarify the factors that inhibit managerial discretion. We conducted a questionnaire survey of municipal hospital managers. First, we ascertained the amount of discretion that municipal hospital managers have concerning various areas of management efficiency. Managers have a great deal of discretion in measures to increase and secure revenues, secure and train doctors and other medical staff, and reduce and control recurring medical expenses. Second, it became clear to what extent the discretion of municipal hospital managers is limited and by which factors. Many managers opined that legal constraints and the medical fee system had a significant impact. Third, there was no significant difference in managerial discretion between the partial and full application of the Local Public Enterprises Law. The multiple regression analysis with other disincentive factors and the presence of total application as explanatory variables, together with the overall size of discretion as the dependent variable, indicated that total application did not affect the overall level of discretion and that negative impacts from heads of department and internal office staff may be significant.

Comparative Analysis of Local Public Enterprises in Korea and Japan: Focusing on the Local Water Supply Business

대부분의 국가에서 수도사업은 정부가 직접 공급하는 방식을 취하고 있는데, 국민생활과 밀접한 연관성이 있을 뿐 아니라 산업연관효과가 매우 크고, 경쟁이 오히려 비효율적인 자연독점적 성격을 지님에 따라 정부가 직접 공급하는 방식을 취하였다. 경영형태적 관점에서 볼 때 우리의 지방공기업은 1969년 지방공기업법이 제정되면서 시작되었는데, 가장 먼저 적용된 사업이 수도사업이며 사업의 공익적 특성상 정부가 직접 공급하는 방식(지방직영기업)을 채택하고 있다. 일본의 지방상수도사업은 지방공영기업 형태로 운영되는데, 지방공영기업은 자치단체가 직접적으로 경영하는 형태로서 우리의 지방직영기업과 동일한 구조를 갖고 있다. 조직인사적 관점에서 볼 때 한국과 일본의 수도사업 운영방식은 지방자치단체가 직접 공급하는 형태지를 지니지만, 관리자의 경우 우리는 공무원으로 선임하는데 비해 일본은 공무원 이외에 일반 전문가도 선임될 수 있으며, 임기제를 당연규정으로 운영하고 있다. 특히 관리자의 선임 조건과 관련하여 우리는 자격조건만을 언급하고 있으나, 일본은 자격조건 이외에 능력조건을 규정하고 있다. 재무적 관점에서 볼 때 한국과 일본은 모두 영업손실을 경험하고 있으나, 일본은 영업외수익과 특별이익을 통해 영업손실을 상쇄하고 있으며, 우리보다 요금 현실화율이 높게 나타나고 있다. 또한 영업손실 대비 타회계전

도시재생 뉴딜사업 실태분석 및 개선방안

This study was written to understand the conditions of new deal for urban regeneration and come up with improvement measures for successful promotion through actual analysis. To do so, this study classified plans for revitalization by provincial governments into unit businesses and clarified problems of the businesses on the basis of evaluation for results. Grouping problems caused by delay of business promotion into the 3 cases and 6 patternings, this study found out the three results: unsecured professionals and reckless attempts of connective projects to relevant ministries in terms of a planning stage, unsecured professionals and insufficient community governance in terms of management and lack of additional proceedings such as administrative measures and inadequate support systems for steady funds. In order to improve the problems prior evaluation standards need to be strengthened and appreciable plans such as a land bank have to be organized by national and public lands, small-sized revitalization programs and relevant measures. In terms of management, local public enterprises such as LH and private ones are encouraged to take part in urban regeneration. Finally, relevant procedures should be minimized, while reflux functions should be enhanced in order to set up sustainable management systems.

A Study on the Influence of Social Capital in Local Public Enterprises on Organizational Culture

A Study on the Influence of Social Capital in Local Public Enterprises on Organizational Culture

A Study on the Influence Factors for Safety Accidents in the Local Public Enterprise: Focus on the Facility Management Corporations

현대 사회는 울리히 벡의 정의처럼 위험사회이고 안전관리의 중요성은 더 커지고 있다. 지방공기업 시설관리공단은 2009년 경영평가부터 재난·안전관리와 안전사고 지표가 도입되면서 안전사고 관리의 주체가 되었으며 성과도 산출하고 있다. 그러나 이런 성과에도 불구하고 여전히 비슷한 안전사고가 반복하여 발생하고 있다는 문제인식에 따라 시설관리공단의 안전사고 발생현황과 안전사고발생의 영향요인에 대한 분석을 하였고 시설관리공단 직원들의 안전에 대한 인식을 실증적으로 조사하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 안전사고 건수는 기관 간 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 특히 특·광역시와 기초자치단체인 시·군·구 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 확인되었다. 둘째, 시설관리공단 안전사고 건수에 영향을 미치는 요인을 다중회귀분석을 통해 살펴본 결과 시설관리공단의 유형과 운영기간이 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 특·광역시 시설관리공단일수록, 운영기간이 길수록 안전사고가 많아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 재난·안전사고에 대한 시설관리공단 직원들의 안전의식을 조사한 결과 생활, 교통, 소방, 재난, 응급처치 등 모든 분야에서 안전의식 수준은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 특·광역시의 안전사고 발생을 최소화할 수 있는 전략을 우선 실시해야 하고 운영기간이 오래된 시설의 정비·점검에서부터 프로그램 운영, 근무자들까지 종합적인 안전관리가 우선되어야 하며 시설을 이용하는 이용자를 대상으로 한 안전관리 전략도 수립할 필요가 있다는 정책적 함의를 제공한다.

지방공기업의 경영평가 및 경영자 보상과 이익조정의 관계에 대한 연구 : 지방공사를 중심으로

본 연구는 2012년부터 2018년까지 371개의 지방공기업 표본을 대상으로 경영평가와 경영자 보상 및 이익조정 간의 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 지방공기업의 경영평가는 그 결과에 따라 기관장의 연임 및 해임 등의 인사조치와 더불어 성과급의 차등 지급은 물론, 기관 폐쇄 등의 조치도 이루어질 수 있으므 로 지방공기업 경영자는 경영평가를 의식할 수밖에 없는 구조로 되어있다. 따라서 공기업 경영자는 예 상되는 경영평가 등급에 따라 이익조정을 통하여 성과급을 높이려는 유인을 가질 수 있다. 이에 본 연 구는 경영평가 결과 및 경영자 보상과 이익조정의 관계를 살펴보고, 경영평가 결과에 따른 경영자 보상 과 이익조정의 관계를 실증 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 경영평가 결과와 경영자 보상은 이익조정과 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타 났다. 이는 지방공기업 경영자의 사적 이익을 위해 경영평가 등급과 보상을 높이기 위한 이익조정의 유 인이 작용하였음을 의미한다. 특히, 이러한 경영자 보상과 이익조정 간의 양의 상관관계는 경영평가 등 급이 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 나타나는데, 이는 경영자 보상에 대한 이익조정 유인이 경영평가 등 급에 따라 차별적으로 작용하고 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구는 주로 정책적 관점에서 활발히 이루어진 지 방공기업에 대한 연구를 재무정보를 이용한 실증연구로 확대했을 뿐만 아니라 자료 수집의 제한으로 인해 이루어지지 않았던 지방공기업의 경영자 보상과 경영평가를 복합적으로 경영자의 이익조정에 대 한 유인이 차별적으로 나타날 수 있음을 최초로 제시한 것에 그 의의가 있다.

지방공기업법 제2조 적용 범위의 법적 쟁점 - 대전고등법원 2019. 4. 25. 선고 2018누11195 판결을 중심으로 -

Local public enterprises carry out commercial and economic activities contributing to the development of local autonomy and the promotion of the welfare for their residents. There are various problems such as infringement on the private economy and waste of finance due to the expansion of local public enterprises’ business. The business is directly related to Article 2 of LOCAL PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ACT.<BR> Local public corporation or Local public agency may execute the business of the local government in the form of agency system. Here, There is controversy in interpretation, but they must comply with scope of application of Article 2 of LOCAL PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ACT.<BR> Article 2 (1) of LOCAL PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ACT lists an example the business of local public enterprises. Therefore, The Daejeon High Court decided that it could not be interpreted in a limited way that the agency business of a local public corporation could not carry out other business. However, there is a limitation of not reviewing whether it applies to Article 2 (2) 1.<BR> In Article 2 of LOCAL PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ACT, there are interpretation problems such as concept of business, current account ratio, etc. In particular, There is a problem of the Definitude of Law Principle. It causes problems in relation to Contracting-out. Thus, A legislative amendment is needed.

우리나라 지방하수도의 경영효율화 방안: 국제 사례비교를 통한 발전대안의 모색

우리나라 지방하수도의 경영효율화 방안: 국제 사례비교를 통한 발전대안의 모색

조직가치 관점에서 분석한 지방공기업의 사회적 가치: 소망성과 실현가능성에 대한 인식을 중심으로

본 연구는 공공부문에 최근 강조되고 있는 사회적 가치의 중요성에 대해 지방공기업이 조직가치로써 인식하는 수준을 소망성과 실현가능성 차원에서 분석하였다. ‘사회적’ 가치는 효율성 가치와 더불어 공공기관이 추구해야 할 중요한 가치로 제시되고 있지만, 기관의 역량과 특성에 따라 가치로서의 소망성과 실현가능성 인식 수준은 상이할 수 있다. 분석결과 사회적 가치를 조직의 가치로 내재화하지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 소망성과 실현가능성에 대한 인식은 기관의 역량 및 특성과 관련성이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회적 가치가 지방공기업의 조직 가치로 아직 자리매김하지 못했다는 것을 의미하며, 또한 사회적 가치를 내재화하기 위한 노력보다는 사회적 가치와 관련된 기관평가를 대비하기 위한 일련의 활동과 사업들을 추진하는 수준에 머물고 있다는 점을 보여준다. 향후 사회적 가치가 지방공기업을 비롯한 공공기관에서 조직의 중요한 가치로 내재화되기 위해서는 모든 기관에 동일한 가치를 일률적으로 적용하는 방식이 타당한지에 대한 고찰이 필요하며, 사회적 가치가 조직의 가치로서 내재화되는 과정에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.