Local History Research Articles

Heroism in Malaysia's History: An Analysis of the Curriculum Standard Textbook for Form Three Secondary School (KSSM)

The importance of the subject of History can be seen through the efforts of the government via the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM) which made it a requirement to pass History to qualify students for obtaining the SPM certificate starting in 2013. Then, in 2014, the subject of History was introduced into the Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) for Year 4 students. Because History is chronological and narrative in nature, the content of the syllabus is often seen as repetitive and overlapping with events and figures, causing students to fail and become confused in terms of mastery of learning. In line with technological advancements and mainstream currents, the names of figures studied in school such as Tok Janggut, Rentap, and others have 'faded' away. Conversely, today's youth increasingly idolize Western superheroes such as Superman, Marvel, and Spiderman from imaginative film adaptations. Therefore, in the context of nation and state-building, local heroic figures (Malaysian heroes) are essential actors in strengthening national sovereignty, defending the homeland, resisting colonizers, and instilling the spirit of nationalism. Local heroic figures can be identified in two categories: the royal group and the local community. This study aims to analyse the content of KSSM History textbooks and the extent to which these figures are used as drivers of nationalism through the appreciation of local heroes in KSSM History textbooks. This study uses a fully qualitative method with content analysis of textbooks related to aspects of heroism in local history. The findings of the study show that the heroic elements applied can produce Higher Order Thinking Skills (KBAT) in students and are important as preparation for students to master more challenging learning at the upper secondary level.

Length‐Based Assessment of Hovsgol Grayling (Thymallus nigrescens), Lenok (Brachymystax lenok), and Burbot (Lota lota) Population Status in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia

ABSTRACTDespite the global importance of inland fisheries, data available for stock assessment is often limited. Data‐limited methods that use length composition data offer a potential approach to assessing more inland fisheries. We assessed the population status of three fish species in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia through length‐based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) analysis and evaluation of trends in eight length‐based indicators of population status, catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE), and body size. Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens) were not yet overfished, but CPUE and body size declined due to targeting of large, mature fish. Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) were experiencing overfishing, especially of small, immature fish, which contributed to size–structure truncation. The burbot (Lota lota) population was healthy according to most indicators, but the lack of local life history information exacerbated already large uncertainties. Continued monitoring and improved coordination among fishers, managers, and scientists will be critical to enhancing the sustainability of these fisheries.

Memories of search and reconnection with indigenous identity. Dialogues between autobiographies and local history

En este trabajo analizamos escenas recuperadas de las memorias autobiográficas de cinco mujeres indígenas pertenecientes al pueblo mapuche que en la actualidad residen en el partido de Olavarría (Buenos Aires, Argentina). El recorte considerado da cuenta de aquellos momentos en que las actoras han expresado “tomar conciencia” sobre su pertenencia indígena y pretende visibilizar las significaciones que este proceso de identificación y rememoración conllevan en el presente y en el ámbito local. Articulando el análisis antropológico e histórico inscribimos estas narraciones en los escenarios más amplios en los que se insertan, enfatizando en el diálogo de estas memorias indígenas locales con el imaginario hegemónico olavarriense que, aún en el presente, exalta su carácter migrante europeo y minero, a la vez que reproduce discursos negacionistas y racistas.

Непрочитана сторінка біографії професора Володимира Фавра (до 150-річчя лікаря і вченого)

This personalia is devoted to an episode of the turbulent life and work of Professor Volodymyr Favr, a prominent Kharkiv scientist, hygienist, and malaria specialist, whose 150th anniversary is being marked this year. It’s an entirely routine episode. It is about the activities of V. Favr, a privatdozent at that time, as a lecturer on factory hygiene at the Kharkiv Institute of Technology in 1906-1908. Certain archival documents previously neglected by historians are being brought into scientific circulation. This study applies methodological tools of biographical studies, local history, social history of medicine, and history of everyday life. It examines the election of V. Favr to the post of lecturer at the Kharkiv Institute of Technology, his further academic career, and organizational activities to create a factory hygiene classroom. It is pointed out that even the everyday scenes of the outstanding personalities’ lives should be the subject of historical and biographical studies, as they contribute to a better understanding of the path of these people to their victories.

SOCIOONOMASTIC-SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE-NAME DATABASE OF FRIGYES PESTY IN NÓGRÁD COUNTY

One of the aims of the Hungarian National Toponym Registry Program is to publish the toponyms of Frigyes Pesty’s database. In the programme, I undertook to describe the corpus of the place-name corpus of Nógrád County. In my study, I present a socioonomastic-sociopragmatic analysis of the Nógrád County material of Frigyes Pesty’s place-name database. This database is an extremely valuable collection from the point of view of onomastics, language history, ethnography, local history, historical geography, etc. It contains a corpus of synchronic place names collected in a relatively short period, which has since become a body of names of historical value. While describing the settlements of Nógrád County, I came across numerous entries of villages whose texts are perfectly suitable for socioonomastic-sociopragmatic studies. My research is therefore socioonomastic: I aim to present the linguistic interference phenomena and the characteristics of the name contactology of the Hungarian and Slovak ethnic groups living together in Nógrád county. As a result of the Hungarian–Slovak bilingual environment and the linguistic interaction, contact phenomena appear in the material of geographical names and personal names. In the boundary descriptions of a municipality, Hungarian and Slovak names of areas fluctuate, and names often appear in both languages. In addition to socioonomastic studies, the material of the place-name directory is also suitable for sociopragmatic studies: there are numerous data on the naming, designation, and addressing of women, so I also deal with this topic in the study.

Political Breakthrough in a Rural Community during the 2011 Sarawak State Election: An Ethnographic Perspective

This article draws on empirical data and ethnographic evidence as a springboard to explore issues affecting narratives and observations made during the 2011 Sarawak State Election. It throws light on ways in which communities and cultures at the periphery of the Malaysian nation state grapple with the potentials and consequences of elections in the process of economic, political and social transformation. Eschewing aspects of candidates’ selections, electoral campaign process and actual voting behaviour of individual voters, the main analysis is of the formulation of local understandings and meanings of the state elections in two rural settlements of Ba’ Kelalan and Bario located close to the border between Sarawak and Kalimantan. This article suggests that an account of their experiences is a necessity in order to understand what functions and whose interest elections serve, and most importantly what election actually does and means within particular circumstances of local history. As a political phenomenon, elections can look different from the perspective of those close to the centre of power in contrast to those with little power within a political hierarchy.

How Long Does a Memory Last? Bayesian Chronological Modelling and the Temporal Scope of Commemorative Practices at Aeneolithic Monjukli Depe, Turkmenistan

In this paper the history of one house and a human burial in the prehistoric settlement of Monjukli Depe, Turkmenistan, serves as a case study for the use of Bayesian chronological modelling to approach the reach of past memories. The method combines relative and absolute chronological data and aims not only at a more precise and robust chronology of past events, but also allows estimations of duration of particular processes. However, chronological models must be constructed with care, since the prior archaeological information significantly affects the output. The comparison of three alternative models for the Aeneolithic settlement of Monjukli Depe shows that prior information in modelling has a considerable impact on duration estimates for periods of the settlement history. The modelling chronology for Monjukli Depe allows the tracing of commemorative practices at a generational scale—the memory of Monjukli Depe House 14 was transmitted over several generations of inhabitants long after the house destruction. It is clear that houses possessed a great value in the social life of the settlement since local building histories were remembered over a long time.

Exploration Of The Cultural Heritage Potential In Tasikmalaya City As Enrichment Of Local History Teaching Materials

Cultural heritage potential plays an important role in presenting meaningful history learning, unfortunately this has not been done in the Tasikmalaya city. This research aims to: 1) describe the use of cultural heritage in local history teaching materials; 2) describe a brief history of the city of Tasikmalaya, and; 3) Analyze the use of cultural heritage in the city of Tasikmalaya as enrichment of local history teaching materials. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method where data is obtained through documentation and observation. The research results show that cultural heritage has an important role as a source of learning local history. There are 63 cultural heritage potential sites in the city of Tasikmalaya. There are a number of cultural heritage sites that can be used to enrich local historical material, including: 1) Lingga Yoni Indihiang as material to enrich local historical material during the Hindu-Buddhist era; 2) Sheikh Abdul Ghorib's grave in Kawalu during the Islamic era; 3) The Tasikmalaya Regent's official residence complex and cultural heritage in the center of Tasikmalaya city during the colonial period, and 4) the PETA Monument and the Cooperative Monument during the independence revolution. The use of the cultural heritage potentials in Tasikmalaya City in history learning can be done through two things, namely the application of the field trip method and the design of cultural heritage-based history teaching materials. This is expected to provide meaningful local history learning for students.

The Lunar Regolith Thickness and Stratigraphy of the Chang’E-6 Landing Site

The Chang’E-6 (CE-6) mission successfully returned 1935.3 g of lunar soil samples from the Apollo basin within the South Pole–Aitken basin. One of its scientific objectives is to investigate the subsurface structure and regolith thickness at the landing site. Using remote sensing datasets, we estimated the regolith and basalt thicknesses at the landing site by employing the crater morphology method and crater excavation technique. A total of 53 concentric craters and 108 fresh craters with varying excavation depths were identified. Our results indicate that the regolith thickness at the CE-6 landing site ranges from 1.1 to 7.0 m, with an average thickness of 3.5 m. Beneath the regolith, the basalt layer consists of high-Ti basalt overlaying low-Ti basalt, with a total thickness of approximately 64 to 82 m, of which the high-Ti basalt layer accounts for about 22 to 30 m. Based on the local geological history, we proposed a stratigraphy at the CE-6 landing site. These findings provide valuable geological context for interpreting the Lunar Penetrating Radar data and analyzing the returned samples.

GSR 1863: A practice-led research exploration revealing local and difficult histories through interactive publication design.

This exegesis considers a practice-led research project that addresses the importance of remembering local histories through an exploration of the Great South Road. The project aims to utilise interactive publication design to visually communicate the largely unknown events that took place in the period surrounding the construction of the Great South Road in Aotearoa, and its significance in the eventual invasion of the Waikato by Crown Forces. The methodology involved in this research consisted of a historiographical approach coupled with heuristics, by employing methods such as historical and archival research, field work, and literature review. The visual aesthetic of the design system draws on experimental layout and the application of distressed, weathered textures to communicate and emulate a historical war-time aesthetic. The publication includes interactive elements in the form of inserted archival photographs and documents to promote deeper engagement, as well as rephotography features. The overarching aim of the research and its outcome is ​to address the​ ignorance of the difficult history of Aotearoa amongst many New Zealanders and shed light on the lasting repercussions of colonising events on our society today.

Ireland Bros.’ Pan-American Electric Carnival: Canadians’ border-crossing circuits of early cinema

ABSTRACT Early cinema exhibitors George H. and Egerton L. Ireland were better known in Jamaica and Trinidad than in their homeland of Canada. Named the Pan-American Electric Carnival, after a failed bid to show moving pictures at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, between 1900 and 1908 they toured Canada, the United States, across the Caribbean and into South America. Almost absent from Canadian film history, los hermanos Ireland are mentioned in at least eight national and local film histories from across Latin America, and even in a US history. Yet, few of these recognize connections to each other, let alone the brothers’ roots in Canada. I take the Ireland brothers’ peripatetic travels throughout the Western hemisphere as a curious case that is uniquely Canadian. Although Ireland Bros.’ motivations are unknowable, their inter-colonial journeys can only partly be explained by wanderlust, seeking escape from rural Canadian roots. I propose their significance is the provision of modern entertainment that was not simply a conduit of British colonialism nor merely a channel for American imperialism. Instead, I conclude speculatively that the brothers’ circuits of cinema along Pan-American trade routes reflect an ethos of Pan-Americanism emergent at the turn of the twentieth century.

The Artists’ Association branches of Revolutionary Russia: experience of interaction with regions

Importance. The activities of the Artists’ Association branches of Revolutionary Russia (1922–1932) are considered. During this period, the organization had a significant and sometimes decisive place in the artistic life of the country. The subject of the study relates to the culture of the country as a whole and touches on local history issues. The purpose of the work is to assess the influence of the central organization on the local branches development and analyze their importance in the Association work.Materials and Methods. The research is based on materials from the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region and published memoirs of participants in the events. In the course of the work, the biographical method is used, as well as historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods traditional for historical science.Results and Discussion. It is noted that the Association participants paid great attention to the creation of representative offices at the local level. The presence of artistic traditions in a particular region played an important role in the development of local branches of the AARR. At the same time, established traditions are not the determining factor. The presence of a bright creative personality in it, who set a certain pace of work, could be of significant importance in the development of a particular branch.Conclusion. It is revealed that some of the regional branches ceased their activities even before the liquidation of the AARR. Despite this, the work of branches of the Artists’ Association of Revolutionary Russia contributed to the accessibility of art for the local population, attracting regional residents to artistic life and preserving cultural monuments. Museums and creative studios are created, and active exhibitions and lectures are carried out.

Collectivization as a page of history and its place in the national ideology of modern Russia

The article substantiates the necessity of the national ideology of the modern Russian Federation to be based on adequate representations of most important events of the Soviet period of the country’s history. Russian historiography will inevitably form a system of such representations in the near future. The authors confidently position collectivization of the peasant village as the central of the events in question, showing why the Soviet version of collectivization is approximately as far from the historical truth as the ideological interpretation of the 90s, which arrived to substitute the so-called «Marxism-Leninism». Local history investigations and family chronicles contain one of the principal proofs of this, confirming the consistence of Peasant Studies as a tool for historical and sociological research.

Tohoku resilient schools and youth engagement in memory after 2011 tsunami

PurposeIn 2011, a disaster devastated the Tohoku region in Japan and left more than 15,000 victims. However, there could have been more. School buildings became a center of response and evacuation during the emergency, playing a central role in each disaster phase. How did the schools manage the situation in small Japanese communities and what lessons can be drawn? Disaster prevention education and training, rapid evacuation, survival in shelters and transmission of experiences to future generations are the key to disaster management in Japan. In the Tohoku area, these lessons are also connected with the history and memory of previous tsunamis.Design/methodology/approachFrom a local approach and socio-historical methodology, research is based on ethnographic fieldwork in disaster-affected communities, archival data collection and oral testimonies. Between November 2020 and March 2023, in-depth interviews were conducted with tsunami survivors, children and community leaders involved in disaster response during the months and years following the tsunami. The analysis focuses on disaster response in schools, survival and building capacities of youth during reconstruction through six case studies.FindingsThis research determines the importance of local history in tsunami management in Tohoku. It offers practical examples from each disaster phase for individuals and communities to face disasters and foster resilience. It reveals, on the other hand, how during the reconstruction process, a young generation embraced memory to reinforce disaster prevention for the future of the region.Originality/valueHighlighting the importance of including children and youth in disaster response, reconstruction and memory through applicable cases, this study provides a guide of school experiences in Japan that can become global lessons for disaster risk reduction (DRR).

Mapping stem volume in fast-growing eucalypt plantations: integrating spectral, textural, and temporal remote sensing information with forest inventories and spatial models

Key messageAccurate volume estimation in Eucalyptus plantation stands was achieved by a linear model using SPOT and Landsat multispectral imagery, specifically texture indices and pixel-scale NDVI time integrals, which reflect the local plantation growth history. Spatial modelling techniques such as Kriging with External Drift and Generalized Additive Model slightly improved predictions by accounting for spatial correlation of volume between sample points.ContextForest inventories are widely used to estimate stand production. To capture the inherent spatial variability within stands, spatial modelling techniques such as Kriging with External Drift (KED) and the generalized additive model (GAM) have emerged. These models incorporate information on spatial correlation and auxiliary variables that can be obtained from satellite imagery.AimsOur study explored the use of reflectance data from SPOT and Landsat multispectral imagery. We focused on texture indices and temporal integration of vegetation indices as auxiliary variables in KED and GAM to predict stem volume of fast-growing Eucalyptus sp. plantations in Brazil.MethodsThe components extracted from the high-resolution SPOT-6 image included spectral band values, band ratio metrics, key vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI, and ARVI), texture measurements, and indices derived from texture analysis. Additionally, we included the accumulated NDVI time series acquired from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellites between the planting date and the forest inventory measurement date.ResultsThe best linear model of stem volume using remotely sensed predictors gave an R-squared value of 0.95 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 12.44 m3/ha. The R-squared increased to 0.96 and the RMSE decreased to 10.6 m3/ha when the same predictors were included as auxiliary variables in the KED and GAM spatial models.ConclusionThe linear model using remotely sensed predictors contributed most to volume prediction, but the addition of spatial coordinates in the KED and GAM spatial models improved local volume predictions.

Invoking ethnic identity in the service of right-wing rhetoric: an analysis of 2022 Latina republican candidates in South Texas

Abstract Growing identification by U.S. Latines with the Republican Party has been of interest since the 2020 presidential election, especially in South Texas. This article presents a rhetorical criticism of three Republican Latina candidates for Congress in the 2022 midterms. Utilizing Latine rhetorical criticism of their campaign ads, we identify the strategic deployment of conservative ethnic identity that disavows racialized identity through anti-immigrant rhetoric. Instead of moderating anti-immigration discourse, as has been suggested by observers on how to attract Latine voters, these candidates instead redirect the immigrant threat narrative towards other subgroups of Latines. Also key in the deployment of ethnic identity for right-wing appeals is the construction of a political persona that emphasizes traditional Latine gender roles in the service of political activism. Finally, there is a mystification of the underlying reasons for economic precarity that is nevertheless based on local histories of exploitation in South Texas.

Memory and Relevance: Local History and Outreach at Eckley Miners’ Village

Memory and Relevance: Local History and Outreach at Eckley Miners’ Village

Exploring geometry and measurement in the Perjuangan Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya Museum: An ethnomathematics study

The Museum of Perjuangan Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya is a museum that preserves the history of South Sumatra’s struglle against the Dutch and Japanese colonialists. This research aims to obtain the results of an ethnomathematics study from the Museum of Perjuangan Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya regarding historical, philosophical, and mathematical aspects and implement it in the Merdeka Curriculum in mathematics for elementary schools. This research employs an ethnographic approach with a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, interviews, documentation, field notes, and data triangulation. The analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusions drawings. The study involved three informants who had direct interaction with the Museum of Perjuangan Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya. The results of this research shows that ethnomathematics studies offer several insights: the historical aspect introduces local history and culture through artifacts that supported the struggle during the physical revolution; the philosophical aspectteaches the values ​​of caring, cooperation, creativity, and diversity within society; and the mathematical concepts reveals the concept of geometry, including area, perimeter, volume of both two-dimensional figures and three-dimensional figures, and length measurement.

Morphological and Structural Characterization of Shortening Landforms on Mars

AbstractThe lithosphere of Mars accommodates horizontal shortening through folding and faulting, producing landforms described as wrinkle ridges or lobate scarps. Despite this nomenclature, we lack a deep understanding of the drivers of morphological differences observed between landform types. This study aims to develop a quantitative model for shortening landform classification based on surface morphology, subsurface architecture, and strain accommodation, facilitating interpretations of where and how lithospheric stresses are recorded. We developed this model by mapping 100 shortening landforms in a Geographic Information System, recording 12 unique geomorphic parameters such as length and asymmetry, and estimating the strain of each landform. We conducted a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) using surface morphometrics. This DFA produced a predictive linear function for categorizing wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps and for quantifying which landforms were exemplars within those categories. The three most influential variables on the surface morphometry DFA were the maximum width, forelimb slope, and back limb length. We then modeled the subsurface structural geology of 50 landforms using MOVE Structural Geology Modeling Software and conducted a second DFA based on subsurface metrics. DFA was most influenced by the dip and depth of the lower ramp base. When both surface morphology and subsurface geometry are input into single DFA, wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps can be distinguished quantitatively 96% of the time. Our results also show that lobate scarps accommodate more strain and imply that studies should consider landform type when interpreting local, regional, and global geological stress histories.

Rusli Amran: Pioneer of Local History Research and His Contributions to the History of West Sumatra

Rusli Amran, seorang intelektual Minangkabau kelahiran Padang pada 14 September 1922, telah meninggalkan banyak jejak dalam dunia intelektual dan sejarah Indonesia. Karya-karyanya secara tidak langsung dan cukup signifikan membentuk pemahaman masyarakat tentang apa yang pernah terjadi pada masa lampau, terutama di wilayah Sumatra Barat pada era kolonial. Meskipun kontribusi Rusli Amran terhadap bidang sejarah Indonesia tersebut diakui secara luas, tentunya masih diperlukan analisis yang lebih mendalam tentang kerangka intelektual dan metodologi khusus yang digunakannya dalam penyelidikan sejarahnya. Dari empat peristiwa penting yang ada di Sumatera Barat (1981-1997) yakni masuknya VOC ke Kota Padang, Perang Padri, Pembrontakan Batipuh dan Tiga Serangkai: (Tambang Batu Bara Ombilin, Jalan Kereta Api, dan Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur). Rusli Amran menunjukkan bahwa keempat peristiwa sejarah masa kolonial Belanda di Sumatera Barat saling berkaitan. Faktor utamanya adalah masyarakat yang mudah dihasut satu dengan yang lain. Pemerintah kolonial Belanda memanfaatkan faktor utama tersebut, yang membuat masyarakat jadi terpecah, dan para kaum adat mudah dihasut, senang disogok, dan lebih mementingkan kekuasaan. Sedangkan kaum Pidari yang mematahui ajaran Islam sangat membenci hal-hal haram. Inilah yang menyebabkan masyarakat Sumatera Barat mudah terprovokasi. Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda pun tidak tinggal diam dengan memanfaatkan momen tersebut.