Local Health Officials Research Articles

The Role of Posyandu Cadres in Reducing Stunting in the Community

The general background stunting is a major health issue that threatens the quality of human resources in Indonesia. Specific background posyandu cadres play a crucial role in disseminating health information and educating mothers to prevent and reduce stunting in communities. Knowledge Gap: While previous research has focused on general health initiatives, there is limited evidence on the specific role of posyandu cadres in reducing stunting in rural areas. Aims this study to examine the role of posyandu cadres in reducing stunting rates in the local community. Results the findings demonstrate that posyandu cadres have successfully carried out their role by conducting regular health programs such as providing supplementary food, vitamin A, blood supplements for pregnant women, and monitoring child growth. These efforts have contributed to a steady decrease in stunting rates. Factors influencing the success of the programs include the knowledge and active participation of trained cadres, high community involvement, and support from local health workers and officials. Novelty this study highlights the importance of community-based health initiatives and posyandu programs in addressing stunting, emphasizing the need for well-trained cadres in achieving long-term health outcomes. Implication the research underscores the importance of continuing support for posyandu cadres through training and resources to further improve public health and reduce stunting rates in other regions. Highlights: Posyandu cadres are key in reducing stunting through regular health activities. Knowledgeable and trained cadres contribute to lower stunting rates. Local community and health worker support strengthen program success. Keywords: Stunting, Posyandu Cadres, Community Health, Child Nutrition, Rural Development

Assessment of demographic factors and mental health status: initiating a healthy campus program

Mental health issues have been essential in formulating global health policies for 30 years. The campus community is inseparable from the problem of mental health disorders, which can affect the work either students, lecturers, or staff. This research aimed to describe mental health conditions among the campus community based on demographic factors as an opportunity to initiate a healthy campus program. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The population was an academic community at a private campus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. There are 347 samples taken by accidental sampling. The mental health instrument used the self-reporting questionnaire. There, 60.81% of respondents experienced psychological disorders, and 73.49% of respondents needed to be referred to a mental health professional regarding addiction, psychotic disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There was a significant relationship between demographic factors consisting of gender, age, type of work, employment status, education level, faculty, and emotional disorders with a p-value of <0.005. Moreover, age, gender, education level, type of work, and employment status related to mental disorders due to addiction, psychosis, and PTSD with a p-value<0.005. It is concluded that a large proportion of responders need a referral to a mental health expert. To promote a healthy campus, university officials should follow up with health promotion initiatives such as partnering with the local health office and public health center for additional treatment and improving policy support.

Diagnostic screening of private well water using gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry to support well water management

In the US, private well users are responsible for their own water quality testing, but local health officials are often uncertain what tests to recommend, particularly for regulated organic chemical contaminants. This study evaluated the utility of suspect and non-target screening (NTS) high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) as a tool to identify a wide range of organic chemicals of emerging concern in private well water and to inform well water management decisions. Qualitative NTS, which detects chemicals without providing concentrations, was used to analyze 25 private well water samples from Wake County, North Carolina. Using the NIST 20 mass spectral database (M1), NTS tentatively identified 106 unique organic chemicals across the 25 samples and an average of 11 organic chemicals per sample. At least one USEPA ToxCast chemical was identified in each private well water sample. Private well water users were interviewed prior to and after their sample's NTS results were reported back; four county groundwater managers were interviewed after aggregated results for all 25 water samples were reported back. All but one well user participant chose to participate in the reporting-back post-interview. The 24 private well users found NTS results useful and valued the contextualization of their results using NTS results for other well users and a local municipal water sample. Most private well users (67%) were surprised by their well water results, especially regarding the number of tentatively identified organic chemicals detected. All the groundwater managers believed the NTS results were useful and could help improve their testing recommendations to private well users. Even with qualitative limitations, NTS results can be an effective and valuable tool to inform the public and governance stakeholders in decisions around groundwater quality management.

Early warning COVID-19 outbreak in long-term care facilities using wastewater surveillance: correlation, prediction, and interaction with clinical and serological statuses

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the strategic value of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) of SARS-CoV-2. This multisite 28-month-long study focused on WBS for older residents in 12long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Edmonton (AB, Canada) by assessing relationships between COVID-19, WBS, and serostatus during the pandemic. Wastewater samples collected two to three times per week were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-quantitative PCR. Theserostatus of antibodies was examined using immunoassays. The data of clinical COVID-19 outbreaks based on extensive testing were obtained from local public health officials. Analyses included calculating correlations between 7-day rolling averages for WBS and COVID-19 cases and investigating whether WBS led or lagged confirmed outbreaks using a multinomial test. Wastewater results correlated well with clinical COVID-19 infections and outbreaks at participating LTCFs. 1058 (36·0%) of 2936collected wastewater samples were SARS-CoV-2 positive, compared with 1247people (resident n=671, staff n=572, and unknown n=4) reporting positive test results of 21 673clinical samples assessed (5·8%). WBS led clinical testing in 32 (60·4%) confirmed outbreaks, which was significantly different from WBS lagged (12outbreaks [22·6%, 95% CI 11·3-33·7]). Non-detection of WBS SARS-CoV-2 served as a negative predictor for outbreaks. WBS results attested protective immunity in vaccinated individuals before the omicron wave. Aparallel increase in the proportions of positive WBS SARS-CoV-2 and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies underlined that omicron was an immunity-evading variant despite high seropositivity of neutralising antibodies after multiple doses of vaccine. Implementation of WBS could enable targeted clinical investigations and improve cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 outbreak management in LTCFs. WBS and serostatus provided informed dynamic changes of infections and immunity. Critical evidence was that LTCF WBS is an effective early warning system to support rapid public health outbreak management and protect vulnerable older populations. Canadian Immunity Task Force for COVID-19 and Alberta Health.

Effectively engaging faith-based leaders on syringe services programs: U.S. pastors’ knowledge, perceptions, and questions

ObjectiveTo identify faith-based leaders’ (FBLs’) knowledge, perceptions, and questions about syringe services programs (SSPs).MethodsWe conducted a one-time, national online survey of 461 Christian FBLs August–September 2022.Results56% of FBLs agreed they support having SSPs in their communities; only 7% strongly disagreed. We identified 15 main questions FBLs have about SSPs. We found statistically significant differences based on FBL Protestant affiliations. Mainline FBLs are more knowledgeable about SSPs, likely to believe a larger number of SSP services would benefit their community, supportive of SSPs, interested in data related to SSPs, and likely to look to local public health officials to shape their opinions on SSPs compared with non-mainline FBLs.ConclusionsSSP advocates can address questions that FBLs have about SSPs before beginning outreach. By understanding common Protestant denominational affiliations, advocates can focus initial engagement efforts on FBLs in their communities who are more likely to support SSPs. Our findings suggest that local public health officials can influence FBLs’ opinions about SSPs.

DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING INCIDENTS IN SOUTHWEST ACEH

In Southwest Aceh, stunting is still in the vast category compared to other districts/cities in Aceh Province. Although various strategies have been implemented by the local government so that the percentage of stunting incidents can be reduced, these efforts are currently not running optimally. This research aims to determine the causes of stunting in children in the Southwest Aceh Regency. In general, this research is helpful as a reference framework to reduce the incidence of stunting for childbirths, especially in the Southwest Aceh Regency. This research uses a quantitative type of research with a case-control design. The population in this study were all toddlers in Southwest Aceh Regency, totalling 3,477 respondents. The sampling method used simple random sampling, with the number of samples in this study being 90 cases and 90 controls. The results of the study showed that there was the most dominant relationship between the mother's low education (OR=5.67; 95%CI=0.87-37.10; p=0.070), the mother's second pregnancy and the birth interval of the first child <2 years (OR =14.79; 95%CI=3.97-55.10; p=0.0001), father's height <162 cm (OR=6.53; 95%CI=0.86-49.71; p =0.070) and use of insect repellent (OR=6.43; 95%CI=1.70-24.25; p=0.006). A mother's second pregnancy with a birth interval of <2 years is the most dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in Southwest Aceh. So it is hoped that the BKKBN, in collaboration with local health officials, the Health Service, Community Health Centers in Southwest Aceh, as well as village midwives in Southwest Aceh, will improve health promotion performance by providing education about family planning so that it can increase public knowledge about the importance of spacing pregnancies.

Feasibility Study of a Mobile Health Parenting Intervention Among Somali/Somali Americans From Refugee Families in the United States

Mobile health parenting interventions often do not account for inequities in parenting education and health resources for racial minority, refugee, and low-income families. We examined the feasibility of a mobile health intervention to address maternal and child wellness needs in Somali/Somali Americans from refugee families. Using a community-engaged research approach, our interdisciplinary academic team, in collaboration with Somali/Somali American community members, healthcare providers, and state, county, and local health officials, developed a culturally sensitive audio-based messaging intervention. The messages contained four topics (parent–child relationships, child nutrition, child health, and maternal self-care) and were delivered in an audio-based format upon the community’s needs. Forty-six Somali/Somali American parents ( Mage = 31) participated in the feasibility study, and 12 parents provided feedback. Based on thematic analysis, Somali/Somali American parents found the content and delivery style helpful in caring for their children and themselves and expressed interest in continuing this intervention. We discuss the implications for using mobile health interventions to address health inequities in marginalized communities.

Development of a Real-Time Dashboard for Overdose Touchpoints: User-Centered Design Approach.

Overdose Fatality Review (OFR) is an important public health tool for shaping overdose prevention strategies in communities. However, OFR teams review only a few cases at a time, which typically represent a small fraction of the total fatalities in their jurisdiction. Such limited review could result in a partial understanding of local overdose patterns, leading to policy recommendations that do not fully address the broader community needs. This study explored the potential to enhance conventional OFRs with a data dashboard, incorporating visualizations of touchpoints-events that precede overdoses-to highlight prevention opportunities. We conducted 2 focus groups and a survey of OFR experts to characterize their information needs and design a real-time dashboard that tracks and measures decedents' past interactions with services in Indiana. Experts (N=27) were engaged, yielding insights on essential data features to incorporate and providing feedback to guide the development of visualizations. The findings highlighted the importance of showing decedents' interactions with health services (emergency medical services) and the justice system (incarcerations). Emphasis was also placed on maintaining decedent anonymity, particularly in small communities, and the need for training OFR members in data interpretation. The developed dashboard summarizes key touchpoint metrics, including prevalence, interaction frequency, and time intervals between touchpoints and overdoses, with data viewable at the county and state levels. In an initial evaluation, the dashboard was well received for its comprehensive data coverage and its potential for enhancing OFR recommendations and case selection. The Indiana touchpoints dashboard is the first to display real-time visualizations that link administrative and overdose mortality data across the state. This resource equips local health officials and OFRs with timely, quantitative, and spatiotemporal insights into overdose risk factors in their communities, facilitating data-driven interventions and policy changes. However, fully integrating the dashboard into OFR practices will likely require training teams in data interpretation and decision-making.

Community Awareness and Perception Regarding Vaccination against COVID-19, Concerns about Side Effects in Gezira State, Sudan

Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy is undermining individual and community protection from vaccine-preventable diseases. This study aimed to investigate the level of awareness and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine and its determinants among people in Wad Madani City, Gezira State, as well as its known side effects. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlative study included 400 participants (56.8% females and 43.2% males) who visited Wad Madani neighborhood COVID-19 centers during the data collection period (June 2022). The data was collected using a structured questionnaire based on prior published studies. Approximately 93.0% of the participants knew the importance of the COVID-19 vaccines, 84.8% knew about their effectiveness, and 83.8% knew that the vaccines help to reduce the risk of virus infection. However, only 58.0% were vaccinated against COVID-19. The results showed that 56.8% of the participants did not develop side effects. Among those who did, the most common side effects were headache and fever (10.2%), injection site pain (7.9%), myalgia (7.1%), and chills and swelling (5.6%). The results showed that 52.5% had negative perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines. Urban residents were 2.17 times more likely to have a positive perception of the COVID-19 vaccine than rural residents (P=0.05). Furthermore, study participants with nuclear family type have shown a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccines and were 2.32 times more likely to have had a positive attitude than participants with extended family (P=0.036). Moreover, participants not vaccinated were found to be less likely to have had a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine, when compared with vaccinated participants (P= 0.005). Conclusion: Although society is aware of the need for COVID-19 immunization, the community has a low positive perception toward COVID-19 vaccination. Similarly, people in rural areas are less aware of the significance of immunization. Local health officials must collaborate to address public fears about vaccinations through the media.

An Investigation into the Prevalence of Methamphetamine Related Enquiries to Local Government Environmental Health Officers.

Methamphetamine contamination of residential properties remains a serious public health concern for members of the public. External stakeholders including Environmental Health Officers (EHOs) and testing and remediation technicians are engaged on investigating whether contamination has occurred from manufacturing or smoking processes. More specifically, local council EHOs are responsible for managing clandestine drug laboratories when notified by police and also for responding to public enquiries. However, the full scope of these contaminated properties is not seen by any single stakeholder, making it very challenging to quantify these situations. To evaluate the prevalence of methamphetamine related enquiries from the general public to EHOs, this study surveyed and interviewed officers from around Australia. It was found that public enquiries were infrequent with only 6% of respondents having received enquiries in the last month, which indicates that people are seeking information from other sources. Interestingly, there were case study scenarios that also mentioned issues with awareness and the flow of information. Concerns regarding difficult cases, police notifications, and site visits were also highlighted. The results of this study provide a benchmark of how methamphetamine related cases are managed and highlight the need for trustworthy information that is available to EHOs, governments, industry members, and the public in a unified location.

Analysis of problems and potentials for increasing pandemic resilience in public health administrations in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany—a mixed-methods approach

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of resilient, modern, and well-equipped public health administrations from national to communal levels. In Germany, the surveillance, contact tracing, and local adaptions went...

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dengue Prevention Among Health Volunteers in an Urban Area - Malang, Indonesia.

The dengue prevention program known as "One House One Mosquito Larva Inspector" involves health volunteers who play a crucial role in the surveillance of mosquito larvae and reporting their findings to local public health officials. This study aimed to identify factors related to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dengue prevention behavior among these health volunteers. A study was conducted in 5 sub-districts in Malang, an urban area in Indonesia. We employed a cross-sectional design and utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the KAP of 400 health volunteers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with a more positive attitude (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; p<0.05) and those with family sizes greater than five persons (OR, 1.90; p<0.05) were more likely to engage in effective dengue prevention practices. Additionally, possesing good knowledge was significantly assocated with more positive attitude (OR, 2.24; p<0.001). Furthermore, 40% reduction in positive attitude was observed in those over 45 years (OR, 0.60; p<0.05). The best practices most frequently reported by the majority of respondents included always reporting their surveillance activities (75.8%) and cleaning the water container in the bathroom at least once a week (65.2%). However, only 52.2% of respondents regularly checked for mosquito larvae in their neighborhood. Sustainable promotion and training for the "One House One Mosquito Larva Inspector" initiative are necessary, particularly among young health volunteers, to improve dengue prevention behaviors both within their own homes and in the surrounding environment.

Human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B outbreak in a kindergarten in Zhejiang Province, China, 2023.

In May-June 2023, an unprecedented outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infections occurred in a kindergarten, Zhejiang Province, China. National, provincial, and local public health officials investigated the cause of the outbreak and instituted actions to control its spread. We interviewed patients with the respiratory symptoms by questionnaire. Respiratory samples were screened for six respiratory pathogens by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The confirmed cases were further sequenced of G gene to confirm the HRSV genotype. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed by maximum likelihood method. Of the 103 children in the kindergarten, 45 were classified as suspected cases, and 25 cases were confirmed by RT-PCR. All confirmed cases were identified from half of classes. 36% (9/25) were admitted to hospital, none died. The attack rate was 53.19%. The median ages of suspected and confirmed cases were 32.7 months and 35.8 months, respectively. Nine of 27 confirmed cases lived in one community. Only two-family clusters among 88 household contacts were HRSV positive. A total of 18 of the G gene were obtained from the confirmed cases. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 16 of the sequences belonged to the HRSV B/BA9 genotype, and the other 2 sequences belonged to the HRSV A/ON1 genotype. The school were closed on June 9 and the outbreak ended on June 15. These findings suggest the need for an increased awareness of HRSV coinfections outbreak in the kindergarten, when HRSV resurges in the community after COVID-19 pandemic.

Telehealth program for symptomatic COVID-19 patients in Mindanao, Philippines: a whole-of-system, pragmatic interventional study on patient monitoring from isolation facilities to community reintegration

The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting individuals and society's physical and mental health. Despite the lack of any definite and effective therapeutic regimen, public health measures such as quarantine and isolation have been instituted to contain this pandemic. However, these mitigating measures have also raised issues regarding isolated patients' mental and psychological well-being. Several stakeholders were engaged in this approach, including the university, the local health office, the tertiary hospital, and the local communities. This intervention addresses concerns regarding the health status of isolated individuals due to COVID-19 infection, making the program available to anyone who agrees to participate. This was done through telehealth services delivered via phone calls and SMS. The university provided technical support and telehealth manpower through medical students. The local health unit manages the isolation facilities, while the referral hospital offers specialty care for isolated patients through teleconsultation. Finally, the local community is the one that reintegrates discharged patients into their communities. Three hundred forty-four (344) participants were provided seven sessions on telehealth education and tracking of their COVID-19 prescribed practices and mental health. The mean age of the patients was 37 years; half were females, and 15% had comorbidities. Regarding their mental health status, the level of depression dropped from 6% to 1% (p<0.0001), the level of anxiety dropped from 12% to 2% (p<0.0001), and the level of stress dropped from 3% to 0% (p<0.0001) from the first day of admission to 2 weeks after discharge. Moreover, a general trend of statistically significant increase in various practices was noted: wearing face masks, physical distancing, disinfecting frequently held objects, hand hygiene, and self-monitoring for COVID-19 symptoms. Those with progressing symptoms of COVID-19 were referred immediately to the referral hospital. There were also no reports of complications of co-morbidities during their stay in the isolation facilities or social isolation upon community reintegration. The study concludes that telehealth services have the potential to address many challenges in providing continuous healthcare services to isolated patients until they are reintegrated into their community. Furthermore, a whole-of-society approach is necessary to provide holistic care to patients affected by the pandemic.

Using Public Funeral and Obituary Listings to Identify Spikes in Excess Mortality in One Appalachian County.

Delays (10-22 months) in availability of official state and county-level mortality data could have significant public health consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated the need for health officials to access timely death data to identify unexpected increases in mortality in their communities. The purpose of this study is to determine if funeral home listings and/or newspaper obituaries could help identify excess mortality on the local level, prior to the availability of official death records. To calculate excess mortality, four years (2017-2020) of data were collected from three sources: the state health department, online funeral home listings, and newspaper obituaries, all from Washington County, Tennessee. Simple linear regression was used to predict number of expected deaths by month for 2020 using 2017, 2018, and 2019 reported deaths, by data source. The percent difference of actual 2020 deaths from the expected deaths was then calculated by month and compared for each data source. Official COVID-19 state-reported death data accounted for only 50% of excess mortality estimated in 2020. Nearly 100 excess deaths occurred before the first reported death due to COVID-19. Trends in the percent difference between actual and expected funeral home listings and newspaper obituaries followed similar patterns as percent differences in actual v. expected state-reported mortality data. Had funeral home listings and newspaper obituaries been used to identify excess mortality, health officials would have seen increases in mortality nearly five months prior to the first identified COVID-19 death. These publicly available tools could prove valuable to local health officials as an "early warning" sign of excess mortality.

Case Study and Evaluation of East Sumba Covid 19 Self-Isolation Sufferers

This research aims to analyze coordination, financing and field evaluation in carrying out Independent Isolation for handling Covid-19 Patients in East Sumba Regency. This method is a survey study, descriptive data analyzed in depth regarding the form of coordination, financing and evaluation in handling self-isolating patients in East Sumba Regency in 2022. The number of samples targeted is accidental sampling, namely samples that happened to be available at the time the research took place. The total sample was 99 people who were treated at home or in health facilities. The research results showed that there were 99 respondents, 54 people (54.34%) who had coordination going well and 45 people (45.66%) whose coordination did not go well. Controlling/supervision found 71 people (71.21%) were monitored and 29 people (28.79%) were not monitored/supervised, budgeting was funded by 62 people (62.50%) and 37 people (37.50%) did not receive funding and evaluation was 65 people (65.91%) and 34 people (34.09%) were not regularly evaluated by local health officials. East Sumba Covid-19 self-isolation sufferers with coordinated management, there is 46% no coordination, 29% of sufferers are not monitored, 37% do not receive costs and 34% are not evaluated

Skrining Anemia Melalui Pemeriksaan HB, TIBC dan Serum Iron Pada Remaja Putri di SMK Baitul Hikmah Tempurejo

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Anemia is a public health problem in Indonesia that can be experienced by all age groups, from toddlers to the elderly. One of them is young women, where these young women are prone to anemia due to a lot of blood loss during menstruation, young women who are entering puberty experience rapid growth so that the need for iron also increases and there is an incorrect diet pattern in rhymes. Adolescent girls who suffer from anemia are also at risk of developing anemia during pregnancy. This will have a negative impact on the growth and development of the fetus in the womb and has the potential to cause complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The purpose of this activity is to screen for iron deficiency anemia in young women as a preventive measure for anemia in adolescents which can cause long-term adverse effects on adolescents.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Screening for iron deficiency anemia in this activity was carried out through laboratory examination of panel iron levels, especially TIBC and Serum Iron examinations in young girls. The target for this activity is young women at Baitul Hikmah Tempurejo Vocational School. Screening begins with anamnesis and physical examination. If there are indications that lead to anemia, an iron panel examination (TIBC and serum iron) will be performed. The results obtained will be analyzed and consulted with the local regional health officer to get the right treatment&lt;/em&gt;

"We are still tired": staff and administrators’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic within California residential care facilities for older adults

BackgroundExtensive research has been conducted on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care workers in specialized care facilities. However, little is known about the impacts faced by facilities that provide generalized long-term support and care, such as residential care facilities for older adults (RCFs). This study describes the challenges experienced by staff and administrators of RCFs during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire collecting data using both closed- and open-ended questions on staff experiences was sent to 5,721 unique RCF administrator emails within the state of California between June-December 2021. Email addresses were obtained from the public database of RCFs available through the California Health and Human Services Open Data Portal. Descriptive statistics were calculated on quantitative data regarding staff preparedness training, access to resources, and administrators’ confidence in meeting recommended guidelines during the pandemic. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data regarding the confidence levels in meeting pandemic guidelines and challenges faced related to staff stress and morale.ResultsA total of 150 RCF administrators across California (response rate of 2.6%) completed the survey. Over three-fourths of respondents indicated their facilities had a designated staff member to train other staff members on emergency preparedness plans and the most frequently used resources during the COVID-19 pandemic were the Department of Social Services Community Care Licensing Division (88.7%), the county health department (86.7%), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (80.7%). Administrators felt least confident in their facilities’ ability to maintain adequate staffing (52.0%), communication with nearby hospitals (62.1%) and communication with state and local public health officials (69.8%) during the pandemic. Three central themes emerged from the thematic analysis on staff stress and morale: (1) physical safety, mental and emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) staffing issues; and (3) challenges with guidelines in managing the ongoing pandemic.ConclusionsFindings from this research study can be used to actively target training resources for facility administrators and staff that have been identified as most frequently used and relevant for emergency preparedness in these understudied facilities. Additionally, developing a better understanding of the staffing stress and morale difficulties in RCFs can provide insight on how policymakers can assist these critical facilities in better preparing for future crises.

Edukasi Mitos dan Fakta Sayur dan Buah Bagi Remaja di SMA N 9 Tanjung Jabung Timur

Myth is one of the causes of nutritional problems in adolescents. There is a lot of knowledge in the form of myths that have been passed down from generation to generation by teenagers with scientifically uncertain truths, including adolescense girls at SMA N 9 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This is one of the causes of the low consumption of vegetables and fruit on the grounds of not avoiding vegetables and fruit due to myths. This community service activity was carried out at SMA N 9, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The implementation of this activity will be from February 2021 to July 2021. The target of this activity is SMA N 9 Tanjung Jabung Timur students. The method used in the implementation of this activity is the lecture and discussion method. The results obtained in this activity are the target of understanding the material about myths and facts about vegetables and fruits. It is suggested to the school to be able to work together with the puskesmas and the local Health Office to provide education regarding the benefits of vegetables and fruit.

Sero-epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Mycobacterium bovis-caused bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a global public health concern and commercially significant zoonotic disease. Many wild and domesticated animals, including cattle, are susceptible to this fatal disease and play an important role in cross-species transmission. To gain a better understanding of bTB in dairy cattle, a bTB serological study is also necessary in order to identify efficient bTB control strategies in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, however, seroepidemiological research is either non-existent or limited (particularly Chattogram). To determine the seroprevalence of bTB and related possible risk factors in dairy cattle, a serological cross-sectional study was conducted (both animal and farm level). We estimated the seroprevalence of bTB was 7.5%(N=442) in this investigation, which also identified one animal-level and two farm-level possible risk factors. Individual animal risk factors included cattle source (own stock: OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006), and farm risk factors included population size (Larger: OR= 26.2, 95% CI: 2.2-319.1, p=0.010) and stocking density (Low and moderate: OR=19.6, 95%CI: 1.5-261.5, p=0.024). In the face-in housing system, there was also a higher risk of bTB seropositivity (OR=4.5). The research's key findings are thoroughly explored, and the findings will aid in the prevention and control of bTB in Bangladesh. In addition, early detection of positive cases, as well as their prompt removal and good farm management practices, can assist in preventing the spread of bTB to new human or bovine hosts. In underdeveloped nations like Bangladesh, a coordinated effort with local public health officials is critical for implementing an efficient TB control program.