Cooperation Of Local Governments Research Articles

Building resilience to multiple climate change-related risks in QwaQwa using the community capitals approach

ABSTRACT QwaQwa, in South Africa, experiences high exposure to multiple climate change impacts. The area is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As such, this paper aims to assess community resilience, estimate the risk of multiple climate change impacts in QwaQwa, and propose strategies to reduce risk and build resilience. Data were collected using a household survey and key informant interviews with a sample of 349 participants. An indicator method, based on the Community Capitals Framework, was used to measure resilience and estimate risk. The composite resilience indicators were weighted using Principal Component Analysis. The Cronbach's alpha (α) test indicated a very good internal consistency in the scaled items. The results indicated that medium resilience to climate change impacts in QwaQwa was mostly driven by access to all six capitals measured in this study: natural, human, social, financial, political, and infrastructural capitals. The multi-hazard risk estimate resulted in a very high index of 4.1. These results were validated at a stakeholder workshop. Strategies that use nature-based solutions, training and education for people of all ages, sectors and professions, and increased community and local government cooperation were deemed essential for boosting resilience and reducing disaster risks in the area.

Paradiplomasi Pemerintah Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan International Council For Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Menuju Penerapan Renewable Energy

This study examines the Paradiplomasi conducted by the Provincial Government of West Nusa Tenggara with ICLEI in tackling the energy problems of NTB, where NTB is the only province that was selected as a Pilot Project in Indonesia, and included in the ICLEI Roadmap. NTB provincial government cooperation with ICLEI in the field of renewable energy since 2020-2023. This cooperation begins with an offer of ICLEI cooperation to the NTB provincial government regarding renewable energy. This research is based on the concept of Single-Themed paradiplomation proposed by Rodrigo Tavarez. According to Rodrigo Tavarez paradiplomasi Single Themed is the cooperation of local governments with foreign parties, with one focus areas of cooperation, in research that is the focus on renewable energy cooperation. The concept of paradiplomasi is also to help describe the implementation of paradiplomasi practices carried out by the NTB provincial government. This research is also coupled with the theory of Decision Making Process to assist the NTB provincial government in formulating by passing through several consideration processes, coordination which is the benchmark for NTB provincial government policy in the implementation of paradiplomasi with ICLEI.

Gap between the concerns of healthcare professionals and parents’ perceptions regarding dietary habits for 18-month- and 3-year-old children in Japan

BackgroundA gap has been reported between healthcare professionals’ (hereafter “professionals”) recognition of preschool children’s diets and parents’ perception of concern. This study investigated the gap between the concerns reported by professionals and parents’ perceptions regarding health and dietary habits by age (18 months and 3 years) and gender in Japan.MethodsThe study design consisted of a cross-sectional, multilevel survey. The request letters were sent to all households with target children with the cooperation of local governments. After obtaining written informed consent from parents, questionnaires were distributed to them. The survey included 30 items on children's concerns about health and dietary habits. At the health checkup, parents indicated whether they were concerned in response to each item, and responded child’s height and weight and birth height and weight. Next, the professionals provided counseling to the parents at a health checkup. After that, the professionals noted their concerns in response to the same 30 items as those given to parents. The participation rates were 82.9% (18 months) and 82.8% (3 years). Data of 239 persons for 18 months and 223 persons for 3 years old were analyzed. In the statistical analysis, the items that were judged as concerning by professionals but not by parents were identified; likewise, the items that were of concern to parents but not to professionals were identified. Sensitivity, false negative rate, specificity, false positive rate, and Youden index were calculated to analyze the discordance rate for each item.ResultsMany parents in this study were concerned about the issues that professionals did not consider to be concerning. Moreover, the parents worried about more issues for 3-year-olds than for 18-month-olds. The items for which ≥ 10 professionals indicated concerns and with higher discordance between the professionals and parents for both boys and girls were “picky eating” for 18-month-olds and “inconsistent amount of food” for 3-year-olds.ConclusionsThe concerns that professionals have with respect to children's diets and the things that parents worry about show gaps. It might be necessary to provide professional counseling for parents to develop a correct understanding of their children’s dietary habits.

The Local Government as a New Quality in the International Relations. Aggresion Against Ukraine as a Verifying Factor

The article describes the international cooperation of local governments, which are a form of decentralization of democratic states. This cooperation developed massively after the Second World War. Today more than 200,000 local and regional communities participate in it, cooperating not only by direct contacts, but also through various types of organizations and networks. This is a new and growing phenomenon in the international environment. On selected examples of Polish local governments, it is shown how strong are the positive ties between members of territorial communities from different countries, built by this cooperation. Their strength and nature are shown by presenting the activities of selected Polish local governments during the extreme crisis, i.e. the war in Ukraine. Thus, it was presented how Polish local governments help the attacked Ukrainians and Ukraine.

Community and Local Government Synergy in Building Regional Cultural Validation

Cultural diversity in Indonesia is one of the charms that this equatorial country has. And of course this cultural diversity must be preserved so that it does not become extinct and is also lost in foreign cultures that enter Indonesia in this era of globalization. In managing this culture, of course the local government, the community, and the customary institutions formed in the midst of the community must work together and synergize to carry out cooperation to preserve culture. And the research conducted this time is to describe and also analyze the implementation of synergy, supporters and also obstacles to community and local government cooperation to build regional cultural validation. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The synergy of the local government and the community in carrying out cultural preservation can be seen from several factors such as programs, implementers, to facilities and infrastructure. This form of cooperation and synergy is expected to provide positive results for regional cultural validation as well as social change in society. Other supporting factors are regulations that are easy to apply in the community environment and also the application of principles and also regulatory provisions. The inhibiting factors themselves are human resource capacity and also the problem of conversion areas and also regional autonomy.

한·독간 비교분석을 통한 보호종료아동의 자립지원체계에 대한 제언

On March 22, 2016 the South Korean Child Welfare Act has been amended. Based on this, the responsibility of local governments, i.e., mayor/provincial governors and district leaders, has been specified in terms of institutional care for the children excluded from the institutional care. In addition, on July 13, 2021, the South Korean government announced a 'measure to strengthen support for children who are dependent on institutional protection (youths preparing for self-reliance)', which states that children who use institutional facilities can stay there until the age of 24 if wanted. Thus, the responsibility of local governments in establishing a self-reliance support system and the national responsibility for children being excluded from institutional care are increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present national responsibility for supporting self-reliance and the self-reliance support system of local governments for the children. The research topics are to examine the basic viewpoint of such support system regarding local governments in Germany and to suggest the principles and directions of the self-reliance support system for the children excluded from institutional care. The research method was to compare and analyze the German case of rebuilding the state responsibility and the self-reliance support system for children being terminated from institutional care through the 68 student protests.
 In conclusion, this research suggests to practice the state's accountability for self-reliance support for children in South Korea, to establish an agency dedicated to local governments and to grant strong authority, and to accompany experts; and offer follow-up care for the daily needs and empower these children through public-private cooperation of local governments.

ANALISIS ORGANISASI BINAAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH (STUDI KASUS: AMBIGUITAS PERAN DEWAN KESENIAN JAWA TIMUR)

Establishment of the Arts Council as a local government-supported institution to carry out arts affairs as well as to realize public participation in local government organizations. The formation of the institution was based on the Minister of Home Affairs 5A/1993, but after it was formed, it encountered ambiguity in carrying out its duties because the regulations issued afterwards did not follow up the role of the Arts Council in a concrete way. This paper aims to analyze local government fostered organizations specifically for the ambiguity of the East Java arts council's message. This paper uses qualitative methods with literature studies obtained from primary and secondary data sources. By using the policy implementation analysis approach. This paper tries to find: (1) the rules that have been made by the government cannot be said to be in sync; (2) there is no follow-up on Inmendagri 5A/1993 considering that there is no regulation yet to strengthen the status of forming the East Java Arts Council; (3) with the existence of the UUPK, the DK requires an overhaul of the aspects of the issues being handled. This paper concludes that the status of the East Java Arts Council is not clear from the limited function of public participation, so it requires regulations made by the local government and cross-sector cooperation to overcome these imperfections. The recommendations are the establishment of a space for dialogue, the preparation and implementation of regulations for the East Java Cultural Institute which will regulate government-led institutions in arts matters.

Assessment of Local Government and Community Cooperation in Rural Development: A Study of Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State

This study assesses local government and community cooperation in rural development with emphasis on Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The problem of the study focuses poor development of the rural communities, mismatch in the projects initiated and what the communities want and poor consultation of the people and collaboration between the communities and the people. The objectives of the study were to assess the extent to which local government and community cooperation have enhanced the provision of infrastructural facilities; improved the quality of education and provision of healthcare facilities in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi state. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a Descriptive survey research method with a sample size of 400 purposively drawn from a population of 384, 400 in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. A 15-item questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency count, percentage and mean scores. The hypotheses were tested with Pearson correlation analysis. The study revealed that the existing local government and community cooperation in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State has not contributed to high degree in the provision of infrastructural facilities (0.60 > 0.05). However, results showed that the existing local government and community cooperation in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State has not contributed to high degree in the quality of education (0.64 > 0.05) and the provision of healthcare facilities (0.62 > 0.05). The study however concludes that the government cannot adequately provide all the basic needs of the rural population neither would the rural communities do, hence the need for partnership between the two, government/community cooperation in Ikwo local government area has not significantly helped in the provision of infrastructural facilities, also government/community cooperation in Ikwo local government area has not contributed significantly in providing quality education and healthcare facilities to the people. Based on the findings, recommendations include that Government and Communities in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State should intensify their efforts in the provision of infrastructural facilities in the rural areas to achieve rapid and sustainable rural development. Communities in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State should be sensitized on the imperativeness of assisting the government in the provision of quality education to the members of the rural communities. The government should also encourage education by providing help to the poor members of the community to have access to quality education for knowledge and skill acquisition.

PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: UKRAINIAN EXPERIENCE.

The aim: To characterize cooperation of public authorities and local governments in the field of health care to identify problems that arise when providing free medical care to citizens of Ukraine through state and municipal health care facilities under conditions of COVID-19. Materials and methods: The methodological basis of the research is the general methods of scientific cognitivism as well as concerning those used in legal science: methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logic, comparative law etc. The norms of the adopted new legislation of Ukraine, as well as the practice of its application are analyzed. Conclusions: The following proposals for amendments and supplements to the legislation of Ukraine are substantiated: lack of clear definition of the role of hospital councils within the legislation of Ukraine; providing health care facilities that have separate buildings and isolation of COVID-19 patients; provision of medical aid to COVID-19 patients by a family doctor; establishment and functional activity of ambulance crews in the newly formed united territorial communities; ect.

Research on the cooperation dynamics of local governments in cross-regional environmental governance under the background of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta

The Yangtze River Delta region is an important intersection of the "the Belt and Road" and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. With a highly developed economy, it is an area with serious ecological degradation and environmental pollution. In addition to the fact that cities in the region are adjacent to each other and the cross regional characteristics of environmental pollution itself, cross-border pollution and pollution disputes often occur. The solution to this problem is to strengthen the cooperative governance between local governments. Under this guidance, the cooperative power of local governments in cross-regional environmental governance has become a focus. Therefore, it is proposed to change the traditional concept of local government environmental cooperative governance; Improve the local government ecological cooperation governance system; Strengthen the local government ecological cooperation governance mechanism; Improve the technical level of local governments in ecological governance cooperation, with a view to promoting the effective cooperation of local governments in cross-regional environmental governance.

Konstytucyjne i ustawowe podstawy współpracy samorządów gminnych z organizacjami pozarządowymi w zakresie realizacji funkcji świadczącej wobec uchodźców wojennych z Ukrainy

The subject of the study is the performance of a providing function by communal governments in Poland in the context of the influx of war refugees from Ukraine in 2022. The work analyzes the legal basis for the operation of Polish local governments in this area. The author adopted as a research hypothesis the statement according to which the implementation of social assistance for war refugees from Ukraine was possible thanks to the cooperation of local governments with non-governmental organizations and parishes. The aim of the study is to show the need and effectiveness of cooperation between local governments and non-governmental organizations in Poland and parishes. The final conclusion of the study is the statement that thanks to the cooperation of local governments with non-governmental organizations and parishes, communal governments could better fulfill their function of providing services to people in need.

Integrated territorial investments as an example of measures for sustainable territorial development

Purpose: The aim of the study is to present the principles of Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) functioning on the example of the Bydgoszcz and Toruń Functional Area (BTFA). An attempt has also been as made to identify the barriers and limitations, including the areas requiring additional support, in the implementation of projects. The study shows that the ITI instrument is effectively implemented under the current financial perspective 2014-2020 and should be maintained in the financial perspective 2021-2027. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was conducted among employees of the Integrated Territorial Investments Office, with a specific purpose of an attempted assessment of whether the ITI instrument has been programmed well at the national level, including evaluation of the ways in which it has been managed and implemented by the Integrated Territorial Investments for the Bydgoszcz and Toruń Functional Area (ITI BTFA) partnership. The subject of the study entailed the Integrated Territorial Investments instrument, as a tool for territorial development in Poland. The object of the study was the ITI BTFA partnership, comprising two core cities: the City of Bydgoszcz and the City of Toruń, as well as 23 municipalities in the functional area. Findings: Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) is an important instrument of territorial development, constituting a well-utilized tool of local government cooperation, co-financed by the European Union. The instrument strengthens the impact of jointly implemented projects, through an approach extending beyond the administrative boundaries of a given local government. Integrated Territorial Investments are an important tool allowing implementation of the territorial strategies of the 2014-2020 programming period, primarily in the area of integrated actions for sustainable urban development. Originality/value: The article presents the research results arising from the survey conducted at the organization analyzed. The study indicated that the ITI partnership management system is effective, as it has allowed improvement in the efficiency of the activities undertaken as well as increased trust among the partners involved. The main factors which affected the effectiveness of the projects implemented by the ITI BTFA included: good rapport with the beneficiary, cooperation of the ITI Intermediate Body with the Managing Authority of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Regional Operational Program, and ongoing monitoring.

Increases in avian diversity associated with COVID-19 lockdowns in urban Colombia

Research on urban biodiversity has primarily addressed the effects of urbanization and human activity synergistically as it has been virtually impossible to dissociate their impact on city wildlife. However, the anthropause resulting from COVID–19 lockdowns provided an unprecedented scenario to study the relative role of human activity on avian communities. Here we provide evidence of the relationships between human activity and bird species richness in urban areas of Colombia during its strict and subsequent relaxed lockdowns. Once the strict lockdown was lifted and human activity increased, avian species richness decreased by 32 % in 46 % of our sampling sites. Although the strict lockdown lasted only six weeks, local assemblages (mainly from low–intensity urbanization peri–urban sites) swiftly became more diverse. Our findings highlight the importance of taking human activity into account when planning cities, with important focus on greenspaces, if our aim is to conserve and enhance urban biodiversity. Such plans will require not only the cooperation of local governments but also greater awareness among the local population regarding the importance of creating livable, healthy, biodiverse, and resilient cities.

CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE FOREST IN NORTH ACEH REGENCY

The life of woodland area management based totally on commonplace forest regulation has been practiced by the Acehnese. This pastime is done via the wooded area Pawang commonplace organization which has been shown in Aceh Qanun No. 10 of 2008 regarding Customary Institution. This has a look at uses empirical prison research with a qualitative approach the use of primary information and secondary information. In acquiring number one records, respondents and informants had been decided. The effects of research in North Aceh District, forest control based totally on commonplace wooded area regulation has not been practiced optimally. It can be visible that there are nevertheless numerous sub-districts in North Aceh that don't but have the woodland Pawang Customary Institution. Paradoxically, this sub-district has a huge forest area. Then the sub-district authorities and community leaders also do now not understand approximately the woodland Pawang commonplace organization as confirmed in the Aceh Governance regulation and the Qanun on customary institutions. The woodland Pawang customary organization additionally does now not have the capacity and information of forest management based totally on customary wooded area law, so they have no longer been maximal in carrying out their responsibilities. There are numerous limitations in forest management primarily based on Customary law by the wooded area Pawang, such as infrastructure and types of networks and local government cooperation.

STUDY ON EFFICIENT ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY COOPERATION ON SMART CITY PROJECT

In recent years, ICT has developed rapidly in various countries around the world. In Japan, in light of changes in the economic and social structure due to the declining birthrate and aging population, we are promoting the construction of smart cities that efficiently manage cities by utilizing ICT. For this, each local government has formulated a plan for the realization of a smart city and is working to actively utilize ICT in administrative management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the ideal way of efficient administrative management through interdisciplinary cooperation of local governments through smart city projects.

HISTORICAL PROCEDURES OF ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF UKRAINE (1991–2022)

Our study analyzes the historical aspects of Ukraine’s European integration processes, new concepts of public policy and regional practices, the results of the transformation procedure: the structure, content of regional and local authorities. In addition, the processes of influence of regional authorities on the sustainable socio-economic development of the territory and the satisfaction of human social needs are considered. It was noted that the key issues of development of state regional policy were overcoming the negative effects of authoritarian methods of governance and the first attempts to build new models of democratic foundations of administration, working out new mechanisms for effective cooperation of regional authorities, local governments, public institutions, city and village dwellers. The study considered the historical aspects of building the administrative-territorial structure which are aimed at providing critical infrastructure, socio-cultural facilities and strategies for their development and transformation into new conditions and needs of the community. The outlined regional processes took place in the context of building public administration in accordance with the ideology of the European community. The policy of democratization and decentralization became the basis of state policy, which was aimed at redistribution of power «from the center to the region», democratization of processes in the territories, the formation of responsible regional governance, restoring public confidence in government and human involvement in government and community. The new structural and functional system of the state regional administration was normatively established and implemented by the Constitution of Ukraine, which was adopted on June 28, 1996. General trends in the development of the strategy for building partnerships between government and public institutions, economic entities, which aims to build an effective, successful territory capable of overcoming the crisis of socio-economic development of the region are indicators of regional government development practices.

Evolutionary Game Analysis between Local Government and Enterprises on Bridge Employment from the Perspective of Dynamic Incentive and Punishment

The popularization of bridge employment is conducive to the realization of active aging, which requires not only the subjective initiative of retirees but also the active cooperation of local governments and relevant enterprises. This study combined evolutionary game theory with system dynamics to model and simulate the behavior of local government and enterprises on bridge employment, aiming to highlight the importance of government behavior and enterprise actions in the process of active aging and to analyze the effectiveness of different incentive and punishment mechanisms in promoting bridge employment. Results show that the system with dynamic incentive and punishment is easier to keep stable than the system with static incentive and punishment; specifically, the dynamic mechanism with low incentive intensity and high punishment intensity is better than other mechanisms. Finally, this study emphasized the importance of government policy to bridge employment and put forward relevant management implications.

The Economic Network of the Three Seas Regions as a Legal Instrument of Macro-Regional Development

This article deals with the Economic Network of the Three Seas Regions as a legal instrument of macro-regional development. The author, referring to the acquis of administrative law and EU law, highlights new opportunities arising from legal solutions in the field of regional development law. To attain the research objective, the author has analysed the legal prospects of macroregional development in the Three Seas Initiative area. Based on that analysis, a conclusion has been formulated that the use of network administration processes, which will ultimately lead to establishing the Economic Network of the Three Seas Regions, can serve as a legal instrument fostering regional development in the reference area. While the reference Network will likely intensify international local-government cooperation, it will notably function as an instrument of the European network administration. The development of network administration connected with the Three Seas Initiative will contribute to shaping the sustainable regional development law for that area, covering most of its regions.

Istanbul as a "City of Design"

Istanbul as a "City of Design"

On the Question of New Forms of Urbanization in the Context of Spatial Development Management in the Republic of Karelia. Article Two

In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes is proposed. The territorial base is the southern part of the Republic of Karelia.