Local Employment Research Articles

Local Employment Multiplier: Evidence from Relocation of Public-Sector Entities in South Korea

Local Employment Multiplier: Evidence from Relocation of Public-Sector Entities in South Korea

A comprehensive study on an integrated approach for water hyacinth management to conserve natural water resources in India

The rapid growth of the free-floating invasive weed Water Hyacinth (WH) has caused an environmental and social menace in most water bodies. Its large mat formation not only affects the underlying aquatic species by blocking sunlight and depleting oxygen, but it also interferes with commercial activities such as fishing and transportation. Public health is also affected as it provides shelter for disease-causing mosquitoes. Additionally, it is a bio-indicator of water bodies polluted with heavy metals. Removing and managing this weed is crucial for conserving natural water resources. Various manual, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods have been tried and tested to eradicate this plant. However, each method has its limitations, and the reoccurrence of this weed in a short time calls for an innovative approach to finding sustainable solutions. Recent studies focus on utilizing this weed for commercial purposes rather than eradicating it. The high cellulose and hemicellulose content in the plant make it an excellent source for renewable fuel production. It also finds application in industries that prepare animal food, compost, and bio-fertilizers due to the high nutrient content. Many states in India are utilizing the WH plant to produce eco-friendly and creative products, thus helping in local employment generation. This study's research contribution is evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of weed removal methods, the potential of WH plants in phytoremediation and biofuel production, case studies of successful alternate uses of WH plants, and possible action plans for economically and ecologically sustainable plant management to conserve water resources in India. The specific outcome of the study is that water hyacinth management is not the responsibility of a single body or entity, but rather the responsibility of different stakeholders and their combined efforts to combat this issue at a national level.

Studying the principles of sustainable tourism development in Karabakh

This article explores the fundamentals of the sustainable development concept, where the dominant factor is the creation of harmony in the functioning of the nature-society system. This system is designed to maintain the functioning of processes and components within the socio-economic framework without altering the natural subsystem. Such preservation of the organization of the natural subsystem is necessary to ensure a comfortable human habitat and the fulfillment of their material and spiritual needs. In recent times, Azerbaijan has emerged as a country showing intensive growth in the tourism sector. Viewing the situation through the lens of commitment to sustainable development goals, it becomes evident that a paramount objective is to ensure a healthy lifestyle and well-being for people of all ages. On the other hand, the list of goals also includes fostering continuous, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. To achieve sustainable development goals, tourism must undergo change and redirection. The system of sustainable tourism development contributes to vital tasks in the social sphere: raising the living standards of the population, increasing local employment, and preserving natural and cultural heritage.

Learning to weave through a digital app: Women’s empowerment in Artisan Villages of Nepal

Abstract This article aims to understand how and to what extent Fair Trade initiatives empower women workers through what we call ‘digital localization’, namely through the provision of digitally enabled trainings that support localization of production and consequent improvement of workers’ livelihoods. While digitalization processes are often considered as disconnected ‘by default’ by the communities in which they take place, here we propose instead that digitalization and localization are interconnected and complementary processes for the purpose of women’s empowerment in Fair Trade supply chains. In order to address these questions, we present the case study of ‘Artisan Villages’ an ongoing project launched by the organization Label STEP Nepal to provide Nepalese workers with decent and dignified local jobs as hand-knotted carpet weavers. The project is implementing not only digitalization of learning and monitoring but also localization and decentralization of production. We collected 12 women weavers’ biographies and interviewed six women weavers and master weavers involved in the programme. Results showed that our participants indicated three main benefits generated by the programme: i) the acquisition of new locally relevant skills; ii) the opportunity to secure local employment and generate stable incomes; iii) increased confidence and improved time management. The contribution of this paper lies in the acknowledgement that ‘digital’ and ‘local’ are not mutually exclusive dimensions, and that processes of digitalization and localization, far from being separate, can foster and reinforce each other, through positive loops with impactful outcomes for women workers’ livelihoods.

Regional differences and influencing factors of local employment rates of rural laborers in mountainous and hilly village areas: A case study of 189 villages in Chongqing Municipality

Regional differences and influencing factors of local employment rates of rural laborers in mountainous and hilly village areas: A case study of 189 villages in Chongqing Municipality

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE MUNICIPAL GUARD

Nowadays, local government employees have become a key capital of public organisations and a factor in their success. In the modern conditions of the economy, determined by the variability of regulations, the environment, and the development of knowledge and technology, local government institutions can achieve their goals thanks to appropriate management of human resources. In this case, the management of Municipal and City Guards, which are an important element in the public safety system, is of particular importance. The author attempts to answer the question whether in the case of Municipal and City Guards, assumptions related to the concept of human resources management are identified. The reason for taking up this issue is also the fact that acquiring em-ployees with specific competencies in the case of Municipal and City Guards is currently one of the main challenges of the management staff of these organisations.

Workforce localisation in the resort sector of the Maldives

The resort sector of the Maldives has played a vital role in the development of the Maldives, influencing the economy, culture, environment, society, and governance. The resort sector is predominantly staffed by expatriates, with many workers employed. Therefore, achieving the proper equilibrium between local and expatriate forces with a priority on developing local employment opportunities is vital. Creating relevant and proactive policies and action plans to build human capital is essential. This study aims to evaluate the current challenges concerned with workforce localisation in the resort sector of the Maldives. This research adopts an exploratory case study approach with the target population being the managers and human resource managers of resorts in the Maldives. The sample population was selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured, open-ended interviews with twelve participants. The interviews were transcribed and coded, and themes were generated using content analysis. The overarching themes indicate the need for national-level strategies and collective effort from the industry, the regulatory authorities, and educational institutions. The key findings suggest conflicting opinions on striking a balance between expatriate and local workers. The challenge lies in attracting the required workforce from the local population, leading to a reliance on expatriates. The lack of local skills, experience and qualifications adds to the burden of local recruitment. However, findings indicate that areas and roles in the resort sector can be easily localised, thus benefiting the local population. Currently, the government and the resort sector facilitate local development by aiming to close the linguistic proficiency gap, internships, and graduate management programs. The research findings highlight the importance of creating job value, combatting misconceptions and stereotyping, cultivating a work-oriented mindset, and having an inclusive policy paving part-time employment for students. Furthermore, career counselling, real-world learning experiences and training facilities are integral to the success of workforce localisation in the Maldives.

Pemberdayaan Kader Kesehatan dalam Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Tenggelang

Introduction: Stunting is a condition where a child's physical growth and development is hampered due to a lack of adequate nutrition, especially during the period from pregnancy to 2 years of age and is a nutritional problem for quite a long time due to the provision of food that does not meet nutritional needs. Objective: The aim of this community service activity is to increase knowledge and motivation in efforts to prevent stunting in children through empowering health cadres in Tenggelang Village. Method: This activity takes the form of empowering health cadres in preventing stunting in children in Tenggelang Village which was held on Wednesday 06 September 2023 WITA in the Village Hall, Tenggelang Village Hall. This activity was attended by 15 health cadres and local BKKBN employees. Result: Community service activities by empowering cadres in preventing stunting in Tenggelang Village were attended by 15 participants. From the results of the pre-test analysis, some cadres already knew the role and importance of stunting prevention, but after providing material and empowering cadres, it showed that all cadres understood the role and duties of posyandu cadres, orientation for posyandu cadres, as well as material on stunting prevention in the form of the First 1000 Days of Life ( HPK). Conclusion: This activity received good feedback from health cadres with the results showing that the cadres' knowledge and motivation increased after being given the material. This community service activity can be carried out periodically so that there are no incidents of stunting in children.

Assessing Energy Policies, Legislation and Socio-Economic Impacts in the Quest for Sustainable Development

The energy sector in Africa, particularly in countries like Uganda, plays a pivotal role in shaping economic development, social progress, and environmental sustainability. This study delves into the nuanced interplay between energy policies, legislation, and their real-world consequences in Uganda. By employing a case study approach, this research investigates the multifaceted impact of Uganda's energy policies and legislation on various stakeholders, including government institutions, businesses, and local communities. This study provides an overview of Uganda's energy landscape, highlighting the challenges faced by the nation in ensuring a stable and sustainable energy supply. It then meticulously examines the evolution of energy policies and legislation over the past few decades, analysing their formulation, implementation, and effectiveness. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, this research assesses the socio-economic consequences of these policies and legislations. It explores how regulatory decisions have influenced energy accessibility, affordability, and reliability for urban and rural populations. Additionally, the environmental impact of energy policies is scrutinized, focusing on their contributions to climate change mitigation, natural resource conservation, and the promotion of sustainable practices. The study also evaluates the social repercussions, including the empowerment of local communities, employment generation, and overall improvements in the quality of life resulting from energy policy interventions. This research critically examines the challenges faced during policy implementation, such as bureaucratic hurdles, financial constraints, and political influences, which often hinder the desired outcomes. It identifies key lessons from Uganda's experiences, offering valuable insights for other African nations grappling with similar energy challenges.

Towards a better living environment-compressive strength and water absorption testing of mini compressed stabilized earth blocks and fired bricks

The escalating demand for eco-friendly and energy-efficient building materials underscores a pivotal shift towards sustainable development catalyzed by heightened public consciousness. Leveraging community production optimizes local resources and curtails transportation overheads, fostering broader access to superior housing solutions. Emphasizing less-intensive construction techniques enhances material strength, insulation, and thermal attributes while significantly shrinking carbon footprints and waste generation. Particularly vital during crises, these methods invigorate local employment and champion environmental conservation. This study juxtaposes the performance metrics of Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (MCSEB) and fire-burned clay bricks, focusing primarily on their compressive strength. The conventional production of fire-burned clay bricks poses notable challenges, especially regarding energy consumption and pollution. Their manufacturing, anchored in coal utilization, directly exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) emerge as a promising alternative in this context. Crafted by pressure on soil, their production eschews the need for coal or other combustibles, resulting in a significantly reduced carbon and energy footprint. When benchmarked against traditional fire-burned bricks, CSEBs, if demonstrating analogous compressive strengths, emerge as a viable replacement. A pivotal element in assessing compressive strength lies in factoring in the specimen’s dimensions, with platen restraint effects as a crucial metric. This research harnesses the platen test to comprehensively compare the compressive strengths of Fire Burnt Clay Bricks and Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. This correlation suggests that Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks, when adjusted for size, can be deemed comparable in strength to Fire fire-burnt clay Bricks, making them a promising sustainable alternative in construction.

Contribution of capital goods production to social impacts: A life cycle perspective for a circular desalination plant

The production of capital goods is often ignored in the life cycle inventory phase of life cycle assessment studies. In this study, we investigated whether capital goods production, i.e., manufacturing of capital equipment and construction of infrastructure, and operation affect the results of the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), using a case study of a desalination plant with multiple co-products in Lampedusa, Italy. The assessment was conducted using the PSILCA database to evaluate 20 impact subcategories and four stakeholder categories: Workers, Value chain actors, Society and Local community. Monetary data were collected for the manufacturing of equipment, labor and miscellaneous work during plant construction, working hours of employees during operation, consumed electricity and chemicals, and recovered materials during operation. Furthermore, multi-functionality was addressed through substitution, system expansion, and economic allocation to examine how these approaches affected the results. The functional unit was 1 m3 industrial water. Equipment manufacturing and plant construction contributed up to 15% to stakeholder categories and between 2% and 75% to impact subcategories of the substitution approach, and up to 51% for impact subcategories of system expansion and economic allocation. Equipment manufacturing and plant construction contributed to a high extent to “Health and safety” (of Workers), “Discrimination” and “Local employment” due to the construction and electrical sectors. Credits in substitution lead to a lower contribution of the operational stage and negative societal impact values. If S-LCA practitioners must limit the considered impact subcategories, for generic or site-specific analysis, the “Health and safety” (Workers), “Local employment”, and “Fair salary” should be investigated.

FEATURES OF DISMISSAL OF REMOTE WORKER UNDER CH. 1 ART. 312.8 OF THE LABOR CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The development of scientific and technological progress leads to an increase in the percentage ofremote labor relations. In turn, the legal norms governing this type of atypical forms of employment arestill under formation. In particular, there are special grounds for terminating an employment contract atthe initiative of an employer with a remote employee. The issue of termination of the employment contractdue to circumstances related to the guilty acts of the employee has always received a sufficient amountof attention from both the legislator and scientists due to the fact that the employee of such a situation isin a very vulnerable position. At the same time, there are more grounds for terminating an employmentcontract with a remote employee than with an employee working in the office at the employer's location. Consequently, this issue requires more detailed legal regulation in order to prevent the inequality of therights of remote and traditional employees. In the article, the author analyzes some problems arising fromthe dismissal of a remote worker under Part 1 of Art. 312.8 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, lawenforcement practice, and also suggests ways to improve labor legislation in this area.

Impact of Revenue Administration on Revenue Performance in Nigerian Local Governments

This study examines the integrated impact of the revenue administration system on revenue performance in Nigerian local governments. The revenue administration system comprises tax compliance, taxpayer registration, and audit effectiveness, which collectively influence revenue performance. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected through questionnaire administration among selected local government employees in Nigeria's Kwara Central Senatorial District. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for data analysis to assess the relationships between the revenue administration system components and revenue performance. The findings reveal that tax compliance, taxpayer registration, and audit effectiveness significantly impact revenue performance in Nigerian local governments. Higher levels of tax compliance and an inclusive taxpayer base led to increased revenue collection, enabling local governments to finance public services and development initiatives. Moreover, effective tax audits deter potential tax evaders, promoting voluntary compliance and contributing to enhanced revenue generation. This study's approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing revenue performance at the local government level. The findings have practical implications for policymakers and revenue authorities, suggesting strategies to strengthen the revenue administration system for improved revenue outcomes and socio-economic development in Nigerian local governments.

The persistent urbanising effect of refugee camps: evidence from Tanzania, 1985–2015

ABSTRACT With the rise of forced displacement, attention has turned to the economic impact of refugees. However, few studies investigate long-term impacts. We use data for Tanzania for the period 1985–2015 to examine the effect of camps on urbanisation and local development, exploiting a unique satellite-derived dataset of high spatial resolution and temporal frequency. We show a modest but significant effect of refugee camps on built-up area up to a 100 km distance. We then match camp locations to regional gross domestic product, local consumption spending and employment patterns. Output in areas with camps grew at a faster rate during camp operation, but closure of camps was associated with change in economic activity. Activity induced by camps is largely in non-tradeable goods and services rather than inducing longer run structural transformation.

A COMMUNITY-DRIVEN INITIATIVE TO ENGAGE EMPLOYERS AS ADVOCATES TO SUPPORT WORKING CAREGIVERS

Abstract Approximately 62% of family caregivers to older adults living with a chronic illness or disability are employed. Nearly 6 in 10 caregivers report that caregiving has affected their employment in the last year, such as by requiring them to turn down a promotion, reduce work hours, or leave the workforce. Loss of employment income affects caregivers’ immediate and long-term financial well-being. To help family caregivers balance employment and caregiving and promote their long-term financial security, in 2021, the Successfully Living and Aging in San Antonio Caregiver/Socialization Workgroup developed a 5-part discussion series to encourage local employers to consider how to better support employees who are caregivers. The series was attended by 75 individuals representing 34 organizations. During initial discussions, attendees identified the importance of institutional culture in affecting workplace policies around caregiving. To help promote supportive workplace cultures, in the third discussion session, participants used a modified nominal group technique to co-develop a 10-point pledge that employers can use support employees who are caregivers. In this presentation, the authors will describe the development of the pledge. Further, we contextualize this initiative in terms of the Shilton Model of Policy Advocacy. By integrating employers into discussions about supporting employees who are caregivers, this local initiative provides an example of how communities can incorporate employers as stakeholder advocates to support policies to help family caregivers remain in the workplace. This work is particularly valuable to advance policy recommendations to promote caregiver financial well-being within the 2022 National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers.

Improvement of the Efficiency of Urban Management within the Concepts of Smart City and Sustainable Development (As Exemplified by Cities in Kazakhstan)

The idea of urban development corresponds to the concept of a smart city and is based on resource savings or more favorable benefit-cost ratios in the long term using a systematic approach to solving a specific problem. In addition, it is necessary to address such challenges in the interests of all city residents with due regard to the possibilities and level of management efficiency. The study aims to identify opportunities for improving the efficiency of managing an urban resource potential within the concept of a smart city. The article considers various approaches to the concept of smart city. In particular, it presents the 4T concept of urban resources based on the relationship between the development of a smart city and its resource potential. Based on the analysis of five large cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, reporting and strategic documents of local government authorities, a survey of their residents, and targeted interviews with local government employees, the authors of the article have studied their perception of innovations, expectations from their implementation, and manifestations of smart management in these local government bodies. This allowed the authors to evaluate the results obtained within the concept of a smart city and the 4T resource potential.

Pemanfaatan Lokal Wisdom dalam Membangun Desa Tematik dan Meningkatkan UMKM

This community service activity explores the synergy between the concept of "Village Tematik," the enhancement of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM), and the utilization of Local Wisdom. Village Tematik represents a village development approach that emphasizes the unique identity and strengths of a region. In this context, Local Wisdom serves as a valuable asset that can create attraction and added value for local UMKM products and services. Through this activity, we try to empower the community empowerment in uncovering and harnessing Local Wisdom can yield innovative and distinctive local products, capturing the interest of markets. Furthermore, it outlines practical steps inestablishing Village Tematik, engaging the community, and elevating the economic well-being of individuals through UMKM. This approach aims to foster the sustainable growth of villages, generate local employment opportunities, and preserve the distinctiveness of Local Wisdom. The insights provided herein are valuable for policymakers, development practitioners, and all stakeholders interested in supporting theevolution of Village Tematik and Local Wisdom-based UMKM development.

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬CONCEPTUALIZING THE WORKCATION PERCEIVED ATTRIBUTES, CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS AMONG LOCAL EMPLOYEES

The study aims to discover the perceived attributes, concepts, and impacts of workcation among local employees. A total of 242 study participants were chosen using purposive convenience sampling techniques. An online Google form was used to collect 150 usable responses. The data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results found travelling for official company affairs was the key attribute of workcation. Employee retention, productivity and creativity were the three most apparent perceived impacts of workcation. The workcation concept is viable for implementation by employers due to its flexibility and enhances employees’ creativity elements. The findings of this study assist local employees in understanding the attributes, concepts, and potential impact of implementing the workcation, which will be more beneficial if implemented as part of the company's work culture. Future studies can extend this research and validate the workcation concept in a different setting. Keyword(s) : workcation, attributes, impacts, retention, productivity, creativity

Research on the Impact of ESG Rating on Enterprise Value in the New Energy Vehicle Industry Based on BYD

With the impact of "dual carbon" such as carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, investors have gradually taken the non-financial information and sustainable development of enterprises as part of their investment reference. ESG rating evaluates enterprises from three aspects: environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance. At the environmental level, BYD strictly controls the emission of various wastes, greatly reduces carbon dioxide emissions, and has achieved good results in international evaluations. In terms of society, we have built a variety of employment channels, established employment platforms, absorbed local employees, and promoted social and economic development. At the governance level, the company attaches importance to sustainable development work and continuously improves the company's sustainable development communication mechanism. When the impact of BYD Group's ESG rating performance on the book value of the company, this paper concludes that the company's economic added value is positive and generally upward through the comparative analysis of basic financial indicators EVA analysis and return on net assets. In the impact of ESG rating performance on market value, the event research method is used to study and analyze BYD's ESG rating rate of return (AR) and cumulative abnormal rate of return (CAR). The results show that the year-on-year and cross-level upgrading of ESG ratings can help enterprises achieve sustained growth in economic added value.

Proximity: A Case Study of The Quest of Students’ Decision to Choose a Private Univeristy in Jakarta

The process of selecting a university is complicated, impacted by a plethora of factors that shape students' decisions. The role of proximity, defined as the geographic distance between a student's place of residence and the location of the university, is important among these drivers. The purpose of this study is to give a case study that looks into the complex function of proximity in students' institution selection decisions. The study investigates how proximity influences several components of the university choosing process using a broad sample of students. The research combines surveys and interviews to provide both quantitative and qualitative insights into the interaction of factors influencing university choice, with a focus on proximity. The findings show that proximity has a significant impact on students' decisions, influencing convenience, housing expenses, family and community links, local employment options, sense of belonging, and overall cost concerns. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex and dynamic elements that influence university selection and provides significant insights for universities and policymakers looking to better meet the requirements and expectations of prospective students.