Local Community Institutions Research Articles

Village Self-Government in the Period 1944-1955 in an Anthropological Perspective: The Example of the Village of Dobri Do

Rural self-government is an insufficiently researched topic in domestic and foreign anthropological literature. What is more, the extent to which archives of local self-government bodies can be useful as sources for anthropological research has not been sufficiently studied. For this reason, an attempt was made to provide a contribution to a better understanding of these scientific issues on the example of the village of Dobri Do in the vicinity of Pirot, and on the basis of material in the Historical Archive of Pirot that refers to the work of the Local People's Committee in this village. The period after the Second World War was chosen, due to the state of the materials in the archival collections and the fact that the period was marked by numerous processes that highlighted scientific problems more clearly. It started from the assumption that the local self-government, as a mediator between the rural community and state authorities, was primarily directed towards protecting the interests of the rural community itself. The analysis showed that MNO archives can be very useful sources, and that they can be combined with classical anthropological research methods (participant observation, interview, biographical method). Nevertheless, a critical attitude must be taken towards this archival material, because it is incomplete, insufficiently conscientiously collected and organized. Based on the available material, it is possible to see many questions that have not been raised so far about the relationship between the local community and state institutions. Further research will show to what extent it is possible to improve the use of this material within ethnological and anthropological research.

Multiple scripts, multiple institutions: Introducing complexity into the understanding of women’s empowerment

Partial enactment of women’s rights is at the crux of this analysis, which identifies factors associated with the adoption of some global women’s rights scripts but not others. Women who partially enact global principles are an important group, and focusing on them provides clues into when, where, and how institutionalized scripts are in competition. To explore this issue, Demographic and Health Survey data from 25 low- and middle-income countries across two time periods are used, with a focus on two dimensions of women’s empowerment: a woman’s household decision-making power and her attitudes toward intimate partner violence. Multinomial regressions reveal that exposure to global culture is associated with dual enactment of the two dimensions. Among partial adopters, enactment privileging physical integrity is mediated through local community institutions, including religions, whereas partial-enactment privileging decision making is associated with women’s household bargaining power.

Social Technologies for Social Inclusion in Traditional Communities in the Amazon

There is a widely recognized consensus in contemporary society and the academic community that education is crucial for a nation's socioeconomic development. This paper presents the research experience, outreach, and curricular internship of the Grupo de Pesquisa Interação, employing the Interaction Method (Action-Research) approach to train professionals for working with riverside communities in the Amazon region. The research employs a comprehensive set of data collection techniques, such as bibliographic and documentary research, semi-structured surveys, interviews with key informants, and both group and individual dynamics with domestic-family groups to encourage participation from local community members and institutions. The results aim to provide community organizations and domestic-family groups with environmentally sustainable innovations and social technologies. Additionally, they offer qualified support to regional public policy institutions for developing affirmative actions geared towards citizenship and social inclusion.

The Effectiveness of School-Local Community Partnership in the North District within the Green Line and its Relation with Achieving Institutional Excellence

The study aimed to identify the degree of effectiveness of school-local community partnership in the North region within the Green Line and its relationship to achieving institutional excellence. The study used the descriptive survey correlational methodology and the questionnaire as a study tool after verifying its validity and reliability. The sample consisted of (386) teachers at primary schools, who were chosen by the simple random method. The results showed that the degree of effectiveness of school-local community partnership was medium; the level of institutional excellence is High, and a positive correlation between the school-local community partnership and the level of institutional excellence. The study recommended organizing meetings with local community institutions, to familiarize them with aspects of cooperation and partnership with schools, and to provide technology tools and supplies necessary for school excellence.

Aktualisasi Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Dalam Melaksakan Pencegahan Covid-19 Di Desa Sambimulyo

Covid-19 hit many countries in the world including Indonesia. The Covid-19 outbreak is not only a national problem within a country, but is already a global problem. Covid-19 originated in the Wuhan area of ​​China. The spread of Covid -19, which is so fast and deadly, is transmitted through physical contact through the mouth, eyes and nose. The spread of Covid-19 is out of control, the government invites the public to participate in keeping the spread from spreading by limiting social or physical contact. Community participation is the main key to success in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak. Social distancing and physical distancing are implemented to cut the chain of spread of the virus.Some people have consciously followed this social restriction mechanism, but some have not participated. This paper examines community participation in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Handling the spread of this virus can be carried out well if the community participates in following the government's advice to always maintain a safe distance from one another, one of which is to stay at home. Covid-19 is an epidemic virus and has the potential for a public health emergency. In the Bangorejo sub-district itself, the government and various local community institutions in dealing with this epidemic have implemented several programs and policies to minimize and prevent the Covid-19 outbreak, but in reality some people do not heed the appeals and directions from the government or social institutions.

From seeing to saving: How rhinoceros-based tourism in north-west Namibia strengthens local stewardship to help combat illegal hunting

The opportunity to encounter wildlife, especially endangered species, has long been a major tourism draw for countries around the world with demand continuing to grow. Yet direct evidence testing the underlaying assumptions of tourism as a wildlife conservation strategy has been more limited particularly where tourism benefits are assumed to “trickle down” to rural communities that foster local stewardship. A long-term case study from north-west Namibia's communal lands presents and evaluates a theory of change for a community-level black rhinoceros conservation tourism model that explicitly incorporates local values and institutions in design expected to deliver results that enhance local-level stewardship and improving conservation outcomes for the population. Between 2012 and 2018, the numbers of tourists participating in and revenue generated from local ranger-based rhinoceros viewing encounters directly to local community institutions increased dramatically by over 200% with over USD $1,000,000 generated during the 6 year period. Subsequent community re-investments in rhinoceros protection was evidenced by a 340% increase in the employment of local “Rhino Rangers” during the same period. Further, a strong positive relationship between community institutions that directly provide support to and benefit financially from tourism with the level of their reinvestment in rhinoceros conservation suggest that communities that benefited more from rhinoceros-based tourism demonstrated higher levels of stewardship. A strong negative relationship observed between rates of illegal hunting of the rhinoceros population and the level of local rhinoceros protection efforts suggest that the increase in local stewardship likely contributed to the reduction in illegal hunting. The Namibia Conservancy-led rhino conservation tourism case offers evidence and lessons that illustrate how carefully curated wildlife tourism that is designed specifically with community engagement and empowerment in mind may serve as a strong basis for enhanced local stewardship that helps improve wildlife and local human communities.

NAJRAN UNIVERSITY GRADUATES’ POSSESSION OF THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY SKILLS: EMPLOYERS’ VIEWPOINT

The study identified the degree of possession of the twenty-first-century skills of Najran University graduates from the viewpoint of employers. The researchers used a questionnaire consisting of four main skills and 20 sub-skills of the twenty-first-century skills. The study was applied to the governmental and private work sectors, in which graduates from Najran University work. The study participants were selected using a simple random method. The results of the study showed that the graduates of Najran University had a high degree of twenty-first-century skills. Personal and life skills came first, digital skills second, professional skills third, and research and investigation skills last. The results also showed statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 between the means of the responses of the study sample about the degree to which Najran University graduates possess twenty-first-century skills due to the sector variable (governmental, private); differences came in favor of the private sector. The study recommended the need to educate faculty members about the skills of the twenty-first century and effective communication between academic programs and the labor market. Also, there is a need to update the study plans for the academic courses in line with the developments of time and the requirements of the labor market. Additionally, the partnership between the university, local community institutions, and employers in the governmental and private sectors must be activated to determine the level of graduates and the skills that must be obtained. Keywords: Twenty-First-Century Skills, Employers, Najran University DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.2.37

Experiences of Applying Electronic School Management in A Number of Countries and the Possibility of Benefiting from Them

The aim of the research is to showcase the experiences of some countries in the application of school electronic management and the possibility of getting benefits from them at the local level. The researcher used the comparative approach by presenting the experiences of some Arab and foreign countries in applying and analyzing electronic studying of school management and how to get benefits from them. The researcher clarified the concept of electronic management, its importance, objectives and motives for its application in schools. The researcher reviewed the experiences of some foreign countries in the application of electronic school management, such as the experience of (the United States of America, Singapore, France) and conducted a comparative analysis between them, as well as the experience of some Arab countries in this field as the experience of (Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, Egypt) and applied a comparative analysis between them. The researcher concluded the following: There is a need for scientific and realistic planning gradually according to the stages of the process of applying electronic school management, the existence of a clear comprehensive strategy that falls under the e-government strategy for the qualitative transition from traditional school management to electronic, the formation of positive trends for individuals and institutions towards technology, training administrative and educational cadres and the beneficiary groups of students and parents for the application of electronic school management, ensuring the involvement of the private sector and local community institutions to invest in the services provided, providing the basic requirements in the application (financial, human, administrative) considering the privacy of the country.

Animacja społeczno-kulturalna i edukacja medialna w obliczu nadużyć informacji cyfrowych

Introduction : One of the greatest threats in the data-driven technological world is information misuse. In the present, dynamic situation, researchers should seek to establish the scope of misuse, while educators must find new, effective ways of educating people of all ages about the issue. Due to its specific methodology, socio-cultural animation can be a useful approach to supporting media literacy among individuals and different types of social groups. Research Aim : This paper aims to demonstrate that the educational dimension of the animator's work should also include media education with a focus on digital information misuse. For this purpose, it presents the origins and main features of socio-cultural animation, the types of information misuse in the digital world and the assumptions of modern media education, and discusses why socio-cultural animation should, in conjunction with media education, prevent information misuse and mitigate its consequences. Evidence-based Facts: The literature review demonstrates that socio-cultural animation and media education have convergent underlying goals and values in the area of strengthening democratic processes in contemporary societies. Summary : Socio-cultural animation and media education share common goals and values. Due to its specific methodology, animation is an effective way of educating very different social groups. Knowledge of media education must be included in the animators’ training process. Animation methodology can be used to create innovative methods of media education in the local community and cultural institutions.

The Settlement of Criminal Actions of Traffic Accidents with Child Performers

The objectives of this research are: To study and analyze the application of criminal sanctions against children who commit traffic violations.The approach method used in this study is a normative juridical approachand and the specifications in this study include: analytical descriptive. The sources and types of data in this study are secondary data obtained from literature studies. Based on the results of the study that the application of criminal sanctions against children who commit traffic violations must consider all matters concerning the child, such as the child's condition, family circumstances, environmental conditions, as well as reports from local community institutions. And for sanctions can be subject to criminal sanctions and action sanctions. The application itself must be distinguished from the application of sanctions against adults. Criminal sanctions to be imposed on children must be based on truth, justice, and the welfare of the child. The imposition of a crime or action is an action that must be accountable and beneficial to the child. The judge must consider the condition of the child, the condition of the house, the state of the environment as well as the report from the community advisor.

The Role of School Principals in Activating Community Partnership in Providing the Necessary Requirements of those with Special Needs in Kuwait

The study aims at identifying the role of schools headmasters in activating community partnership by providing the necessary requirements to support the special needs persons in Kuwait. The descriptive survey method was used together with a questionnaire which included the paragraphs of community partnership activation to support the special needs persons that is divided into two domains as follows: Activation of partnership with local community individuals and activation of partnership with local community organizations and institutions. The population of study consisted of (277) male and female school teachers at Primary and Preparatory stages in Kuwait.The findings showed that the role of schools headmasters in Kuwait in activating community partnership by providing the necessary requirements to support the special needs persons was medium, whereas the domain of activation of partnership with local community individuals occupied the first position followed by the domain of activation of partnership with local community organizations and institutions. Moreover, the findings showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the evaluations of population of study according to variables of sex, experience and education. In light of the results, the study presented a set of recommendations.

Experiences of Applying Electronic School Management in A Number of Countries and the Possibility of Benefiting from Them

The aim of the research is to showcase the experiences of some countries in the application of school electronic management and the possibility of getting benefits from them at the local level. The researcher used the comparative approach by presenting the experiences of some Arab and foreign countries in applying and analyzing electronic studying of school management and how to get benefits from them. The researcher clarified the concept of electronic management, its importance, objectives and motives for its application in schools. The researcher reviewed the experiences of some foreign countries in the application of electronic school management, such as the experience of (the United States of America, Singapore, France) and conducted a comparative analysis between them, as well as the experience of some Arab countries in this field as the experience of (Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, Egypt) and applied a comparative analysis between them. The researcher concluded the following: There is a need for scientific and realistic planning gradually according to the stages of the process of applying electronic school management, the existence of a clear comprehensive strategy that falls under the e-government strategy for the qualitative transition from traditional school management to electronic, the formation of positive trends for individuals and institutions towards technology, training administrative and educational cadres and the beneficiary groups of students and parents for the application of electronic school management, ensuring the involvement of the private sector and local community institutions to invest in the services provided, providing the basic requirements in the application (financial, human, administrative) considering the privacy of the country.

THE ROLE OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS‎

The study aimed to identify the role of school administration in developing sustainable tourism awareness among students in the Sultanate of Oman. The descriptive approach was used and a questionnaire of two parts was developed. The first part is about the general data for the study sample members and the second part covered (3) fields consisting of (23) Paragraph. The first field is about the role of the school principal while the second field is about the role of the senior teacher. The third field is about the role of the school activity specialist, and the study sample consisted of (1147) male and female teachers. The results concluded that the school administration’s role in developing sustainable tourism awareness among school students, according to the teachers’ estimates, came to an average degree. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences for the role of school administration in developing sustainable tourism awareness among school students in the Sultanate of Oman according to the gender variable in the general degree and in all fields in favor of females. There were also statistically significant differences in the general degree, and the second field in favor of 16 years and over. In light of these results, some recommendations were made, including the inclusion of competitions and programs for tourism awareness among school students within the plans and programs of the activities department in the educational directorates. School principals should be involved in some forums and events that help to form relationships with local community institutions concerned with tourism. Moreover, some publications and brochures that aim to increase students' culture and awareness of the tourism aspect should be published.‎ Key words: Sustainable Tourism Awareness, School Administration, Sultanate of Oman.

Starting from ‘scratch’: Building young people’s digital skills through a coding club collaboration with rural public libraries

While digital infrastructure is clearly a critical factor in addressing the digital divide for rural society, it is only one component in realising the benefits of information and communication technology (ICT). It is increasingly acknowledged that citizens, governments, and businesses need to develop skills and motivations to use technologies. It is also recognised that young people and their rural communities are among those who gain the least from opportunities to engage in and benefit from an ever-evolving digital society. As with other areas of rural development, local community institutions and actors assume their own leadership in developing initiatives to overcome challenges and advance digital literacy and in this regard, public libraries have led and continue to hold considerable potential to champion this area. This article reports on the experiences of a 14-month community-based collaborative research project with public libraries engaged in a process of developing coding clubs for children and youth in rural Manitoba, Canada. Our research sets out to answer the questions: first, whether it is viable for public libraries to cultivate advanced digital skills among rural youth and contribute to bridging the rural-urban digital divide by running coding clubs following the CoderDojo model? And second, what are the critical conditions to ensure the success of public library coding clubs? In examining some of the experiences encountered in adopting the coding club as a model of digital literacy building, we discuss wider themes for rural public libraries interested in advancing digital literacy building within their communities.

Policy in Community-Based Environmental Conservation and Protection: A Comparative Study Between Brazil and Indonesia

Community-based environmental conservation and protection is one form of decentralization in the management of an area. Community-based initiatives are considered a sustainable collaborative alternative. The implementation of community-based initiatives can be found in various countries, such as the Voluntary Environmental Agents (VEA) in Amazon, Brazil and Social Forestry (SF) in Indonesia. This study aims to review the lessons learned from the CBC successful practice of VEA Program in Amazon, Brazil; determine whether these lessons can be adapted to enhance the positive impact of SF implementation in Indonesia, and; formulate relevant recommendations for SF implementation in Indonesia. A qualitative approach with descriptive-comparative method on references that are relevant to VEA and SF implementation was used in this study. There are several conditions that contribute to the successful VEA implementation: strengthening of local community initiatives, institutions, and capacities; formalization of community-based conservation schemes with supportive regulations; effective control system of the state; continuous support from external institutions, and; continuous and independent financing of activities. These conditions are relevant to be implemented in Indonesia. There is a fundamental difference between the implementation of VEA in Brazil and SF in Indonesia. Community-based initiatives in Brazil prioritized environmental sustainability to be able to “leverage” community’s economic and social sustainability in long term, while practices in Indonesia did not reflect this. This is illustrated by: lack of public awareness and concern for long-term environmental sustainability; negative impacts on the environment from SF implementation, and; vision of SF implementation which tends to be based on short-term targets.

Discerning Fact From Fiction: An Assessment of Coronavirus-19 Misinformation Among Patients in Rural Michigan.

Coronavirus-19 misinformation poses a unique challenge for public health communication efforts. In rural communities, COVID-19 misinformation is not well studied. We investigate patients’ ability to discriminate COVID-19 fact from fiction from their news sources, as well as general COVID-19 knowledge, perceptions, public health practices, and their primary news sources in 258 adult patients at a primary health clinic in rural Michigan. Most of the population surveyed was able to correctly differentiate reliable COVID-19 public health information from fabricated information. However, only 55.4% of participants reported that they would be somewhat or extremely likely to get a COVID-19 vaccine. The most reported news source was mainstream broadcast television channels such as CBS and ABC. Our data support those older participants are better informed and more likely to practice safe public health practices than younger participants. Based on our data, we offer strategies for public health campaigns in rural communities, such as targeted interventions towards younger people and utilizing local television stations and community institutions to disseminate public health communications and health promotions. Public health interventions beyond education should be considered to mitigate the gap between COVID-19 knowledge and prevention behaviors. Future studies should investigate the role of health care providers in COVID-19 communication with patients, understanding hesitations toward COVID-19 vaccination, and communication strategies to best increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in rural communities.

Reality of career performance for public school principals in south Hebron directorate from the viewpoint of teachers: واقع الأداء الوظيفي لمديري المدارس الحكومية في مديرية تربية جنوب الخليل من وجهة نظر المعلمين

This study aimed to identify the reality of the performance of government school principals in the Education Directorate/ South Hebron from the viewpoint of teachers, in addition to showing the difference in views in the reality of the performance of the principals of these schools according to the gender variable, educational qualification, years of experience, and educational stage. In this study, the two researchers used the descriptive method relying on a questionnaire as a study tool. The study was conducted in the first semester of the academic year 2019/2020 and the study community will consist of all male and female teachers of government schools affiliated to the Palestinian Ministry of Education in the Directorate of Education/ South Hebron working in (172) schools. The results of the study showed: The reality of the performance of the directors of public schools in the Education Directorate/ South Hebron from the teachers' point of view came to a large extent, where the relative weight reached (71.1). There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance ((0.05≥α) between the averages of responses of public school teachers in the South Hebron District with regard to assessing the performance of their directors due to gender and educational levels. The presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance ((0.05≥α) among the averages of responses of government school teachers in the South Hebron Directorate with regard to evaluating the performance of their directors attributable to the variables of the educational qualification, and experience. The differences came in favor of the educational qualification (master and above), and came in favor of experience from 5 to 10 years. Accordingly, the researchers recommended some recommendations, including: Focus on training school principals to develop communication with the local community, parents and local community institutions, increasing the interest of school administrators in the technical aspect in school administrations related to methods of educational supervision, measurement and evaluation, activating the role of the principal as a resident supervisor, and pay attention to internal relations within the educational institution by the principals of public schools.

PERAN KLASTER PARIWISATA TERHADAP EKONOMI KREATIF KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0

Banyuwangi Regency is one city in Indonesia with a high potential in the tourism sector and is famous for its main attraction, Ijen Crater National Park or more known as Ijen Crater. In 2019, this destination was appointed as the center of the tourism cluster area by utilizing local potential to support regional economic growth. This research was conducted to determine the tourism clusters’ role in supporting the creative economy by applying technology 4.0 in Banyuwangi Regency. The result showed that the tourism cluster policy application positively encourages local communities to be more creative and innovate, like creating new SME featured products by utilizing the existing biodiversity and local wisdom nearby. Unfortunately, the development of the creative industry business in the Kawah Ijen cluster have some obstacles, caused by social, financial, and infrastructure factors. To overcome that obstacle, this research also tries to provide recommendation policy suggestions in the form of local community inventions that integrate local community institutions and technology 4.0 to overcome the negative impact. The related stakeholder can create a digital-based ecosystem to motivate local people to continue being innovative and creative.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Per Kapita, Belanja Daerah Sektor Kesehatan dan Belanja Daerah Sektor Pendidikan terhadap Indeks Pemabngunan Manusia di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Periode 2010-2018

The objectives in this study are (1) To find out whether Per capita Income, Health Sector Expenditures and Education Sector Expenditures Persistently Influential on Human Development Index in Regency / City of South Kalimantan Province for the period 2010-2018; (2) To find out whether Per capita Income, Health Sector Expenditure and Education Sector Expenditure Simultaneously Influence Human Development Index in Regency / City of South Kalimantan Province for the period 2010-2018; (3) To find out what variables are dominantly affecting the District / City Human Development Index of South Kalimantan Province 2010-2018. This research is expected to be able to provide understanding to local governments, private parties and community institutions with an interest in economic development in the regencies / cities of South Kalimantan Province.The results of this study indicate that per capita income has a significant effect and positive direction on the index of human development, regional spending on the health sector has a significant effect and a positive direction on the index of human development and regional expenditure on the education sector has a significant effect and positive direction on the index of human development.

Love Thy Neighbour? Perceived Community Abidance and Private Compliance to COVID-19 Norms in India

To arrest the spread of COVID-19 infection, strict adherence to frequent hand washing and respiratory hygiene protocols have been recommended. While these measures involve private effort, they provide health gains along with collective community benefits and hence are likely to be driven by pro-social motives like altruism and reciprocity. Using data from 934 respondents collected from April till May 2020 across India, we assess if changes in perceived community compliance can predict changes in individual compliance behaviour. We observe statistically significant and positive relationship between the two, even after accounting for observable and omitted variable bias allowing us to view the results from a plausible causal lens. Further, we find subsequent lockdowns having a detrimental effect on individual compliance though the gains from higher perceived community compliance seem to offset this loss. We also find positive perceptions about community can be particularly effective for people with pre-existing co-morbidities. Our findings underscore the need for multi-level behavioural interventions involving local actors and community institutions to sustain private compliance during the pandemic. We suggest these interventions need to be specially targeted for individuals with chronic ailments and emphasize on community behavioural practices in public messaging.JEL Codes: I12, I18, I19, I31