Local Committee Research Articles

Comparative assessment of the nature of the combined action of insecticides: different methodical approaches

Introduction. Pesticide mixtures containing insecticide methomyl are commonly used in agriculture. However, the interaction of their active ingredients in a mixture has been insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nature of the combined action of a mixture of insecticides methomyl (carbamate) and bifenthrin (pyrethroid) using various methods: a classical model (orthogonal planning of the experiment using nonlinear variables); a generalized linear regression model for the binomial distribution (probit regression); and an isobologram. The study was conducted at the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, according to the protocol approved by the local bioethical commission. Materials and methods. Ninety male outbred rats were administered 9 combined doses of the insecticides (combinations of LD16, LD33 and LD50 for the individual compounds, as devised from a preliminary study). Results. Impaired coordination, tremor of the limbs and head, turning into convulsions, rapid (shallow) breathing were observed in all groups. The data on mortality as used to construct 2 mathematical models, as well as to construct an isobologram. Limitations. The study was limited to studying the indicators of acute oral toxicity, without taking into account the possible repeated exposure. Conclusion. The models showed that the additive effect for the combination of methomyl and bifenthrin was only observed for combinations when the individual dose of bifenthrin was equal to or greater than 45 mg/kg b.w. (LD33) and the dose of methomyl was less than 30 mg/kg b.w., as all animals receiving a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. of methomyl (LD50) in the mixture died. Therefore, the dose of methomyl dictated the toxic effect of the mixture, which should be accounted for in hygienic regulation of methomyl-containing formulations.

Local party committee and labor cost asymmetry

AbstractChinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) operate under seemingly incompatible logics of economic and noneconomic objectives and thus within a setting of institutional complexity. This complexity manifests in the coexistence of the modern enterprise system and a firm-level Local Party Committee (LPC). LPCs check proposals from a political standpoint before executives decide on economic feasibility. We provide evidence that SOEs with more LPC participation exhibit greater labor stickiness, and this association is more pronounced after the enactment of the Labor Contract Law in 2008, when LPCs became more focused on noneconomic objectives. Additional analyses reveal that regional differences in market-based institutional quality moderate the association between LPC participation and labor cost asymmetry. Our results are relevant for emerging market investors who attempt to incorporate cost asymmetry into their profitability forecasts and for other stakeholders who strive to understand and anticipate the impact of the complex Chinese institutional setting on cost behavior.

Determinants of access to rural financing in the democratic republic of Congo: The case of Kongo central

This article aims to identify the determinants influencing access to rural finance, focusing on a sample of 500 family farms in Kongo Central. This study revealed that membership in a financial solidarity group and awareness of the existence of a local development committee significantly influences access to credit using Probit and Logit regression methods. This study highlights the importance of supply and demand factors in accessing rural finance. Key demand-related determinants include gender, marital status, sector of activity, household size and high levels of education. This research suggests strengthening policies aimed at increasing financial education and women's empowerment to improve access to financing. These measures could enable more individuals especially women to effectively access and use financial services. By addressing these determinants can help policymakers better design interventions to support rural development in this province. The results underscore the need for a holistic approach considering both supply and demand factors to improve financial inclusion for rural populations.

EMPOWERING WARD CITIZEN FORUMS FOR LOCAL SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN NEPAL

The Local Governance and Community Development Program (LGCD) has been found to be adopted a transformational approach to social mobilization, aiming to address the absence of elected political representatives at the community level. Central to this approach has been identified as the Community Ward Citizen Forum (WCF) and the Awareness Centre (CAC), which play crucial roles in enhancing local governance through community engagement.The WCF has been explored to serve as a collective of community representatives’ tasks with bridging the gap between the community and local decision-making processes, thereby improving local governance. Complementing this, it has been focused that the CAC operates on a REFLECT process basis, bringing together marginalized and vulnerable community members weekly to discuss pertinent issues affecting their lives. Through facilitated discussions, participants have been found to identify key issues, devise actionable plans to address these concerns, and establish links with local service providers and Village Development Committees (VDCs) to mobilize necessary resources.Numerous studies and evaluations have been found to have highlighted the effectiveness of WCFs and CACs in initiating community transformation. The research has aimed to underscore the significance of community-based organizations in driving social transformation. It has been known that it provides an analytical overview of the initial successes achieved by WCFs and CACs in fostering social change, explores strategies to expand these successes across broader contexts, and identifies essential prerequisites for the sustained success of the transformational approach to social mobilization. It has been identified that Empowering Ward Citizen Forums (WCFs) for local social transformation involves various approaches aimed at enhancing community participation, decision-making, and overall impact. They have been presented pointwise as the findings of the research. the different approaches have been explored like capacity building, inclusive participation, access to information, collaborative partnerships, supportive policy environment, monitoring and evaluation, sustainable community projects, civic education and awareness, conflict resolution mechanisms, and celebrating successes and learning from challenges have been explored as the best approaches for the empowering the ward citizen forums.It has also been found that Empowering Ward Citizen Forums (WCFs) for local social transformation involves a strategic and inclusive approach that engages community members in meaningful ways. The strategies like establishing clear objectives, inclusive participation, capacity building, access to information, supportive environment, partnerships and collaboration, community-driven initiatives, policy advocacy, monitoring and evaluation, communication and outreach and celebrating successes have been found to be employed. By implementing these strategies, WCFs can effectively empower local communities, drive social transformation, and create positive changes that enhance quality of life and well-being for residents. Each step contributes to building a resilient and engaged community that works together towards common goals and shared aspirations.

If it’s in our backyard: the roles of local knowledge in the formation of a nuclear oversight organisation

ABSTRACT Local knowledge is recognised as a critical element of global energy transition and energy justice. This paper explores the roles local knowledge in the formation of a community organisation responsible for monitoring the nuclear facility operations, governance, and public risk communication. Our case study examines a local nuclear oversight organisation in the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa region in Japan, where suggestions have been made to consider nation-wide institutionalisation of organisations similar to French Commissions Locales d’Information (Local Information Commissions). Our findings reveal the critical roles of three forms of local knowledge, with a particular emphasis on the nuanced yet crucial impact of everyday-life knowledge (seikatsu-chi), a facet not extensively explored in existing studies, in facilitating the establishment of the local organisation.

Community-based natural resource management in Roatan: Strengths and challenges.

This study explored the transformative journey of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in the Bay Islands National Marine Park, Honduras, revealing the interplay of cooperation, funding, and communication in fostering successful conservation initiatives. Using a mixed-method approach, we investigated the historical and legislative process and enabling conditions that led to the transition to CBNRM, based on Gruber's 12 key principles. In regards to the present CBNRM system, we looked at its strengths, its challenges, and whether its functioning is seen as satisfying by local resource-users. Findings showed that key CBNRM principles-including an enabling environment, conflict resolution, research-based decision-making, public trust, and monitoring-fostered the transition. Furthermore, satisfaction with reef management and perceived patrol effectiveness, which are pivotal aspects in CBNRM, exceeded 70% in Roatan. Challenges such as strengthening local institutions and enhancing compliance were identified. Nonetheless, co-managers are actively working to resolve these challenges by focusing on enforcement, diverse funding acquisition mechanisms and community participation. The study underscores the pivotal role of local NGOs and collaborative committees in facilitating successful CBNRM. By providing evidence-based insights, we highlight the efficacy of multilevel, co-management models in resource management and emphasize the value of adaptable strategies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of CBNRM dynamics in Latin America and the Caribbean, which may ultimately foster successful conservation initiatives in the Global South.

Nomophobia in Nursing Staff and Interns at a Second Level Medical Care Hospital in Mexico

Introduction: mobile phones and tablets have become an essential tool in life. Excessive and prolonged use generates Nomophobia, characterized by the irrational fear of losing contact with the mobile phone. Objective: to determine Nomophobia in Nursing Staff and Interns at a Second Level Medical Care Hospital in Sinaloa, Mexico. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sample of 330 participants. Probabilistic sampling. A personal data sheet and a Nomophobia questionnaire (NMPQ-20) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Approval was obtained from the Local Committee on Ethics and Health Research. Results: average age 33,82 years, 53,3 % were women, average seniority 7,54 years, 43,9 % belonged to the morning shift, general nurses predominated with 39,4 % and WhatsApp with 63 %. 38,5 % communicated frequently with their partner, 100 % used the mobile phone during the day and the average number of hours they used the device was 2,71 hours. Low levels of nomophobia (general and by dimensions) were obtained. No significant relationship or difference was found between nomophobia and age, seniority and work shift. Significant differences were found between nomophobia and sex and job category, where men and nursing interns predominated. Conclusions: nomophobia was found to be at low levels in nursing staff and interns. Significant differences were found between nomophobia and gender and category. It is essential to implement strategies that reduce the use of mobile devices, since it can put patient safety at risk by acting as a distraction.

Exploring the institutional barriers to rural water management in Ghana

ABSTRACT Framed within policy support for bottom-up community water management in development practice in the global south, this paper explores the institutional barriers that impede effective community management of water infrastructure in water-stressed rural communities in the Upper Manya District and Yilo Krobo Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, using data collection methods such as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with local government and community water management committees and participant observation across four communities. The findings revealed that irregular and inadequate monitoring, poor financial auditing and transparency, inadequate technical support, and limited community engagement were the institutional barriers confronting sustainable rural water management. The study argues that in community water management, hybrid models are more likely to work better than models that focus entirely on either top-down or bottom-up approaches since the former can strengthen technical capacity, financial accountability, and the experimentation of infrastructure co-design initiatives. The paper concludes that by addressing institutional lapses in Africa's infrastructural management regimes, rural populations can become part of, rather than left behind, in the global quest to ensure water availability and sustainable water management for all.

Maxillary sinus membrane perforation rate utilizing osseodensification-mediated transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A multicenter clinical study.

This multicenter cross-sectional clinical study aimed to evaluate the membrane perforation rate during transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) using osseodensification (OD) burs and assess risk factors associated with the procedure. This study was conducted in six centers, following ethical standards and approved by local committees. It included patients over 18 years old missing maxillary posterior teeth with crestal residual bone height (RBH) ≥2 and ≤6 mm. Preoperative evaluations were done, including CBCT scans, to assess bone dimensions and sinus health. All centers and surgeons followed a standardized surgical protocol for TSFE using OD burs. Surgical complications, particularly sinus membrane perforations, were recorded and analyzed. Factors such as implant site, premolars or molars, as well as, healed or fresh socket, along with initial RBH were evaluated for their impact on membrane perforation rate. Descriptive statistics, χ2, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. A total of 621 subjects with an average age of 57.9 years were included. Sinus lifting was performed at 670 sites, with 621 implants placed in the maxilla. The majority of sinus lifts were done in the molar region (76.87%) and in healed bone sites (74.33%). The average RBH was 5.1 mm (ranging from 2 to 7 mm). Sinus membrane perforation occurred in 49 cases (7.31%). RBH ≤3 mm posed a risk factor for sinus membrane perforations followed by RBH >3 and ≤5 mm. Tooth region and implant site were not associated as risk factors for sinus membrane perforation. OD drilling used for TSFE resulted in low membrane perforation rate. Challenging scenarios of severe posterior maxillary atrophy presented as risk factors for increased perforation rate.

Village Self-Government in the Period 1944-1955 in an Anthropological Perspective: The Example of the Village of Dobri Do

Rural self-government is an insufficiently researched topic in domestic and foreign anthropological literature. What is more, the extent to which archives of local self-government bodies can be useful as sources for anthropological research has not been sufficiently studied. For this reason, an attempt was made to provide a contribution to a better understanding of these scientific issues on the example of the village of Dobri Do in the vicinity of Pirot, and on the basis of material in the Historical Archive of Pirot that refers to the work of the Local People's Committee in this village. The period after the Second World War was chosen, due to the state of the materials in the archival collections and the fact that the period was marked by numerous processes that highlighted scientific problems more clearly. It started from the assumption that the local self-government, as a mediator between the rural community and state authorities, was primarily directed towards protecting the interests of the rural community itself. The analysis showed that MNO archives can be very useful sources, and that they can be combined with classical anthropological research methods (participant observation, interview, biographical method). Nevertheless, a critical attitude must be taken towards this archival material, because it is incomplete, insufficiently conscientiously collected and organized. Based on the available material, it is possible to see many questions that have not been raised so far about the relationship between the local community and state institutions. Further research will show to what extent it is possible to improve the use of this material within ethnological and anthropological research.

A local review of section 17 leave forms in conjunction with the Mental Health Act Code of Practice: recommendations for future practice.

The aim of this project was to set out recommendations for the section 17 leave form to reflect guidance provided in the Mental Health Act 1983: Code of Practice, following local Care Quality Commission feedback. We reviewed guidance in the Code and publicly available leave forms to identify items to include in the leave form. Then, we determined which publicly available leave forms included each item and reviewed whether the item should be included in the leave form and whether any reformulation was needed. Using the method described, we identified a list of items that should be included in the leave form. When comparing the leave forms of different trusts, there was considerable variation with respect to which items were included in each form. We provide some recommendations for future practice regarding section 17 leave forms to facilitate consistency with the Code and between different trusts.

2253 Establishing a national network of trainee representatives in geriatric medicine higher specialty training

Abstract Introduction This study demonstrates how a network of geriatric medicine trainee representatives was established across the UK. The intention of the network was threefold: accurately represent the interests of trainees by gathering national feedback, develop a job description of deanery trainee representatives and create a community of practice between representatives. Method Deanery trainee representatives were identified through TPDs then contacted to participate in an online questionnaire which also consented for whatsapp group invitation. Results: Deanery representatives were identified for 12 out of 13 deaneries, the final post was vacant. The survey response rate was 83% and all respondents gave permission to be added to the whatsapp group. We gathered information regarding eligibility, appointment and the role of deanery trainee representatives. Results Most deaneries (73%) do not require representatives to be a minimum grade whereas 27% required representatives to be ST4 or above. Over half (55%) were appointed following an expression of interest without an election, 27% required an election and 9% were approach and appointed directly either by the TPD or current representative. Once appointed 82% had no fixed term whilst 18% would have a term limited to two years. Once appointed the role entails an invitation to the local higher specialty training committee for 73% of respondents and 73% also reported a role in organising regional training. Conclusions The aim of this project to create a network between deanery representatives has been achieved and produced an engaged network of representatives facilitating accurate representation of trainees at a national level. Further applications include collaboration between trainees to share training practices. In a period of training recovery following the Covid-19 pandemic and a new geriatric medicine curriculum a community of practice between trainee representatives has enormous potential to improve training quality and experiences for geriatric medicine trainees in the UK.

Contributing factors to staff turnover in local authorities in Zambia: A case study of Ndola city council.

Introduction Ndola is the third largest city in terms of infrastructure development and second largest in terms of size and population in Zambia. The city has a population of over 475,194 (Central Statistics Office, 2010). The city is one of the most developed commercial and industrial areas in the nation, alongside Kitwe and Lusaka. The city council is a utility institution composed of an elected Mayor and his councilors that are charged with the responsibility of planning and coordinating development in the area in line with the national decentralization policy; and also the administrators who are under the Town clerk and are employed through the local government service commission of Zambia. Employee turnover in the Local Authorities in Zambia in the last ten years has received wide consideration among academicians, professionals and also members of the community that seek services from their Councils. Attention has been on comprehending the sources of employee turnover, while a few organizations have tried to comprehend what makes employees leave their place of work. Only a few Local Authorities in the country have invested in solving the problem of employee turnover. This study was carried out to assess factors that contribute to staff turnover in local authorities in Zambia, particularly, Ndola City Council. The objectives of the study were ; To find out how remuneration affects employee turnover in local authorities in Ndola city council. To determine the extent to which staff motivation affects turnover at the Ndola city council. To establish the extent to which staff opportunities for career progression affect employee turnover in Local authorities in Ndola city council. The study showed that the factors that contribute to staff turnover have not been fully understood by all stakeholders. Those that attributed staff turnover to salary inconsistencies said that the revenue base of the councils was marred with corruption and abuse of resources by the revenue collectors. Lack of accountability has resulted in the resulted in resources being misused and in the end the average council worker suffers (Magner et al, 1996). The views of those opposed to the inconsistency of salaries as a reason for staff turnover are that what has caused departure of people is owed to the policy of career progression where every employee has to have a minimum qualification of a degree. As a result, after years of study most employees often rush to find greener pastures.

The Implementation of Legal Protection Against Economic Exploitation of Street Children in Yogyakarta City

This research investigated the initiatives undertaken by the Yogyakarta City government to legally protect street children from economic exploitation. It focused on the roles of key institutions such as the Department of Social Affairs, Labors, and Transmigration in the city of Yogyakarta along with the local Children Protection Commissioner. The research explored the challenges these bodies faced in executing their duties. Utilizing empirical methods, interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders including the head of the rehabilitation section of the Department of Social Affairs, the chairperson of the Indonesian Children Protection Commissioner in the district of Yogyakarta, and their team members. The findings revealed that despite numerous programs and regulations implemented by the Yogyakarta city government to protect the rights of street children, economic exploitation persisted primarily due to poverty. This research highlighted the gap between policy implementation and its effectiveness, suggesting a need for a review of existing measures and potentially the development of new strategies to address the economic exploitation of street children in Yogyakarta.

An Assessment of the Effect of E-Procurement on Procurement Processes and Efficient Performance in Zambia’s Government Institutions: A Case Study of the Local Government Service Commission

An Assessment of the Effect of E-Procurement on Procurement Processes and Efficient Performance in Zambia’s Government Institutions: A Case Study of the Local Government Service Commission

A Comparative Study between Fascia Iliaca Block and Femoral Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia after Intertrochanteric Fracture Surgery

Abstract Background Intertrochanteric fracture surgery is a common orthopedic procedure worldwide, pain may be severe, and the patients generally require a significant amount of opioid-based analgesics after such procedures. Peripheral nerve blocks offer effective analgesia and decrease the need for opioids, thereby reducing the complications associated with the use of this class of drug. Pain management regimens following Intertrochanteric fracture surgery include oral analgesics, periarticular injection, peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs), and intravenous patient- controlled analgesia (PCA). Objective To compare the analgesic efficacy and functional recovery of Fascia iliaca block and FNB in patients who have undergone Hip surgery. Methods This prospective randomized clinical trial study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospital after approval of the anesthesia department and the local ethics and research committee over 6 months and after obtaining a written informed consent. Sixty patients underwent Intertrochanteric fracture surgery under spinal anaesthesia regarding postoperative pain and early ambulation were included in the study their ages range between 40 to 75 years old and classified as ASA I and II. The patients were randomly divided using computer generated randomization into two groups 30 patients in each (n = 30). Results The two groups were compared as regard pain control post operatively. Numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess pain post operatively and used at regular interval (PACU, After 15min., After 30min., After 45min., After 1 hr., After 1.5 hrs., After 2 hrs., After 4 hrs., After 6 hrs., After 8 hrs., After 10 hrs., After 12 hrs., After 14 hrs., After 16 hrs., After 18 hrs., After 20 hrs., After 22 hrs. and After 24 hrs.). And there is no significant difference between two groups, with p- value (p > 0.05 NS). As regard to total dose of narcotics used in each group, there is no difference in postoperative nalbuphine consumption. The two groups are compared as regard to quadriceps weakness, onset of ambulation and there was a significant difference between two groups. Conclusion Fascia iliaca block is more effective than Femoral Nerve Block in in patient satisfaction for post-operative analgesia and equally effective with femoral nerve block in post-operative ambulation after Intertrochanteric fracture surgery.

Ultrasound Guided Subscapularis and Subomohyoid Plane Blocks versus Interscalene Block with Levobupivacaine for Analgesia in Shoulder Surgery

Abstract Background Now Shoulder surgery is a common procedure, particularly as it is associated with reduced hospitalization times, even though the technique may lead to moderate and severe postoperative pain. In recent years, various studies have been carried out that demonstrated the need for valid anaesthetic techniques that allow adequate control of postoperative pain and also favour early mobilization and rehabilitation. Subscabularis and subomohyoid plane blocks allow pain control after shoulder surgery while decreasing the need of opioids and pain medication after surgery. In contrast to interscalene brachial plexus block, subscabularis and subomohyoid plane blocks carry minor risks of intrathecal injection or post operative respiratory distress. Aim of the Work to compare analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided subomohyoid and subscapularis plane blocks versus interscalene block using levobupivacaine in both techniques for pain control after shoulder surgery. Patients and Methods This exploratory randomized clinical trial study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospital after approval of the anesthesia department and the local ethics and research committee over 6 months and after obtaining a written informed consent. Sixty patients underwent shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were included in the study their ages range between 21 and 65 years old and classified as ASA I and II. The patients were randomly divided using computer generated randomization and opaque sealed envelopes into two groups 30 patients in each (n = 30). Results In this study we find that combined subscapularis plane and sub-omohyoid injections may serve as an alternative to interscalene block for shoulder analgesia, with less complications. The present study shows no difference in the demographic data between the two groups (p-value >0.05). Also there was no statistically significant difference in the surgery duration between the two groups. But the duration of subomohyoid and subscapularis plane block was longer than the duration of interscalene block, the Mean± SD is (10.80±2.64 minutes) for subomohyoid and subscapularis plane blocks while interscalene block duration is (5.33±1.56 minutes) so there was astatically significant difference P-value <0.001. Conclusion Subscapularis plane and subomohyoid plane blocks can be used as an alternative shoulder analgesia with minor risks.

Transforming place-based management within watersheds in Fiji: The watershed interventions for systems health project

Watersheds offer opportunities for place-based interventions to transform systems health via preventative versus reactive approaches to management that achieve multiple co-benefits for public and environmental health. The Watershed Interventions for Systems Health in Fiji (WISH Fiji) project embraced participatory knowledge co-production and action-oriented research to identify risks to public and ecosystem health, prioritize interventions to address risks, and monitor responses of the system to interventions. We used screening filters and local knowledge to collaboratively identify five watersheds for action with high prior incidence of water-related diseases (Fiji’s “three plagues” of leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue) and high risk to downstream environmental health. We reviewed literature to identify disease risk factors, evaluated overlaps with risks for downstream environmental impact, and designed 13 instruments to collect information about baseline risk. Following consultations to obtain free, prior and informed consent, we enrolled 311 households across 29 communities. We synthesized data to identify key risks at the household, community, and landscape level, which were communicated to community water and resource management committees and government leaders as part of developing water and sanitation safety plans for each community. Local committees identified 339 priority risk reduction actions across nine main categories: animal management; drainage; health systems surveillance; hygiene; integrated planning; land use management; sanitation systems; waste management; and water systems. As of October 2022, 154 interventions were implemented in the five watersheds across different risk categories and scales. While we can track changes to factors that reduce risk of water-related disease and improve environmental health, direct evaluation of impacts to public health is limited due to poor geolocation of case records. The WISH Fiji project is a model of cross-sectoral coordination that efficiently progresses multiple Sustainable Development Goals, but scaling requires sustained investment in interventions to realize full benefits, particularly for nature-based solutions that exhibit lagged responses.

Критерии одобрения учебников по Закону Божию Училищным Советом Учебного комитета при Святейшем Синоде для школ Российской империи

This article characterizes the concepts of publicity and censorship, which are an integral part of social and political life. Control over these institutions was also important in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when church literature, particularly educational literature, was subjected to strict evaluation. Censorship committees were widespread throughout the Russian Empire, but one of the central bodies that was the censor was the Teaching Council of the Teaching Committee under the Most Holy Governing Synod. The article lists the criteria for approval of textbooks and manuscripts submitted to the Holy Synod. The article lists the criteria for approval of textbooks and manuscripts received by St. Synod. Most of the books were rejected at this stage because the censors saw various errors in the books, ranging from spelling and punctuation to spiritual errors that could distort the dogmatic side of Orthodox doctrine. One form of rejection or approval of a book could be a permission to allow the book into the libraries of certain types of educational institutions. However, at the provincial level, textbooks could be allowed to be distributed in schools or to the public with the blessing of the ruling bishop, the local censorship committee, or in the presence of a favorable review from the local representation of a popular church journal. For example, this was the Church Herald. Therefore, there was a dual state of affairs in the matter of censorship of books: on the one hand, there was a center in St. Petersburg, which received new manuscripts, and on the other hand, many little-known books in the capital were quietly used in Russian schools and sold in bookstores. In spite of this, local censorship committees and diocesan authorities, although they did not have the full experience of the members of the Study Committee, kept diligent watch over the emerging educational literature.

Crisis and Organizational Sustainability: Empirical Analysis of the Implication of Transformational Leadership on the Decision to Stay Mediated by the Commitment of the Democratic Party in Indonesia

The research focuses on the impact of transformational leadership on the decision to stay mediated by commitment after a court refusal regarding illegal extraordinary congress involving the outsiders of a political party in Indonesia (in this case, it is the Democratic Party currently led by Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono), where this phenomenon is classified as a crisis. Theories and the previous literature pointed out that transformational leadership would significantly affect an individual’s decision to stay with the institution through commitment. Therefore, this research empirically analyzes the hypotheses using quantitative methods on 349 respondents who are central (DPP) and local (DPD and DPC) active committees of the Democratic Party. Respondents are collected using cluster random sampling. Referring to theories and the previous literature, the latent variables of this research are constructed using dimensions. Transformational leadership (TL) has four dimensions which are charisma (idealized influence), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual considerations. Commitment has three dimensions which are affective, normative, and sustainable commitments. The decision to stay has two dimensions, which are intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. By using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM–PLS), the research revealed that the direct effect shows that transformational leadership and commitment significantly influence the decision to stay. On the other hand, the indirect effect indicates that commitment significantly mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and the decision to stay. The result indicates strong transformational leadership performed by Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as the chief of the Democratic Party in Indonesia.