Loan Recipients Research Articles

Unraveling China’s Aid Strategy Towards Central Asian Countries: The Case of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan

China’s burgeoning influence in Central Asia, particularly in economically disadvantaged nations like Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, presents a multifaceted phenomenon deserving of deeper analysis. This article delves into the impact of Chinese involvement in these two Central Asian countries, shedding light on the instruments employed by China, such as development aid and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Despite their economic challenges, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have emerged as key recipients of Chinese aid, receiving grants, concessional loans, and infrastructure projects that have reshaped their socio-economic landscapes. At the heart of China’s engagement lies the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, which has positioned Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as pivotal nodes in China’s quest for regional connectivity. As Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan navigate their relationship with China, they face the delicate task of leveraging economic opportunities while safeguarding their national interests amidst evolving geopolitical dynamics in Central Asia. This article aims to analyze Chinese influence through development aid and the BRI in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, illuminating both the opportunities and challenges of this relationship.

Financial well-being, anxiety and payment delinquency among student loan holders in the United States: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges, particularly intensifying the financial and psychological burden for individuals with student loans in the United States. Firstly, this study examined the association between student loan ownership and financial well-being during the pandemic. Secondly, among student loan holders, we tested the association of financial anxiety and payment delinquency with COVID-19 shocks and financial knowledge. Lastly, we investigated the associations between the recipients of student loans and their financial well-being, anxiety and behaviors concerning student loans.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study, we explored how unprecedented economic disruptions have affected student loan holders' financial well-being, levels of debt anxiety and payment delinquency, considering financial knowledge as a critical factor. We conducted Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and logistic regressions to examine the associations addressed in the purpose of the study.FindingsThe results of regression analyses indicate that individuals with student loans generally experienced lower financial well-being than those without loans. Among student loan holders, COVID-19 shocks were positively associated with student loan anxiety and payment delinquency. Additionally, subjective financial knowledge showed a positive association, while objective financial knowledge displayed a negative association with loan delinquency. Lastly, respondents who secured loans for themselves exhibited lower levels of financial well-being than other student loan holders.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the initial efforts to investigate the issues of financial well-being, debt anxiety and payment delinquency among student loan holders, along with their associations with the potential COVID-19 shocks they experienced. The research shed light on the acute financial stress and mental health challenges faced by student loan holders during global crises, highlighting the significance of effective policy development for student debt management and borrower support during times of economic uncertainty.

When in Debt, Appoint Women? A Re-Examination of Aid, Debt, and the Inclusion of Women in African Cabinets

Abstract Are more aid-dependent and indebted countries more likely to include women in their cabinets? Several studies have suggested that such countries seek to please donors and lenders. Focusing on Africa, we test whether leaders respond to international incentives and, specifically, signal donors and lenders that they value gender equality in political decision-making. Although leaders have more direct control over the gender composition of the cabinet than the legislature, our analyses do not show that aid dependence and indebtedness result in more women in either the cabinet or the legislature. We operationalize aid dependence and indebtedness as a proportion of recipient gross national income, which we argue better reflects the aid and loan recipients’ vulnerability to external pressure. Using regression analysis techniques and multiple robustness checks to evaluate our panel data, our findings remain consistent with arguments that African states have stronger bargaining positions than the foreign aid literature has acknowledged.

Obstacles in the Implementation of Online Loans in Indonesia (Based on Protection Law Consumer)

Online loans are platforms that allow individuals or businesses to apply for and obtain loans over the internet. Online loans offer convenience and accessibility. However, there are also illegal online loans that are harmful to their users. This is the background for the emergence of two problem formulations, namely how legal regulations governing the practice of online loans and how consumer legal protection in online loans. The research method used is normative juridical. The results found that Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as the responsible authority has issued Financial Services Authority Regulations (Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/POJK) No. 77/POJK.01/2016 on Information Technology-Based Money Lending and Borrowing Services. However, the implementation and effectiveness of this regulation is still a big challenge. Many online lending platforms operate without a license and ignore the applicable regulations, thus posing a high risk to consumers. Recipients of online loans can be said to be consumers because they are users of a service. In this case, online loan services, consumer protection has been regulated in Law No. 8 of 1999 of Consumer Protection, and regarding consumer protection in online loans has also been regulated in POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 and Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 3 of 2023 on Bank Indonesia Consumer Protection, although there are already regulations governing online loan consumers, online loan consumer protection is still a problem because many illegal online loans are always looking for loopholes and circumvent existing regulations.

Kepastian Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Gagal Bayar Debitur Pada Layanan Peer To Peer Lending Di Indonesia

Peer to Peer lending is a form of online-based money lending service. P2P Lending has potential risks that can give rise to legal problems, namely the risk of default by the loan recipient. when the debtor default, the party who suffers the main loss is the lender. This type of thesis research uses the Normative Juridical method by taking a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the thesis research, legal certainty is achieved by using laws or regulations that are currently in effect, such as the Civil Code, Law no. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, OJK Regulation No. 10/POJK.05/2022. legal implications received by debtors who fail to pay on P2P Lending, the debtor receives a warning from the P2P Lending organizer, the debtor is subject to sanctions in the form of fines and interest charges that continue to increase, the debtor experiences collection by collectors, recorded on a blacklist by OJK. the dispute resolution option that can be taken by creditors together with P2P Lending providers who suffer losses due to debtors' failure to pay can be pursued through non-litigation and litigation dispute resolution.

Analysis of Local Government Financial Statements as A Basis for Making National Economic Recovery Loan (PEN) Policies in the Jakarta Provincial Government

This research was conducted to analyze local government financial statements as a basis for making decisions or policies on the use of Regional PEN Loans in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Due to a decrease in revenue as a result of the co-19 pandemic, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government is looking for other sources of funding to finance development to meet public services. The data used include budget and realization of regional income and expenditure, as well as the value of Construction in Progress which is supported by qualitative information in CaLK. The research method uses descriptive qualitative by collecting data in the form of images, numbers, tables, sentences, in the form of secondary data. The results of the study concluded that the information presented in the financial statements has an important role in assisting the policy making of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in applying for Regional PEN Loans and meeting the criteria as a loan recipient.

Identifikasi Penerimaan Pinjaman Modal Usaha dengan Metode Backward Chaining

Cooperatives are financial institutions in conducting savings and borrowing transactions. This study aims to identify borrowers accurately so that the distribution of funds is right on target. The method used is Backward Chaining. The results of this study are the level of accuracy in identifying loan recipients to be high, namely loan funds can be disbursed within one day. So this study can be used as a recommendation in identifying borrowers in all cooperatives.

Кредиттік серіктестіктің қызметін бағалау және оның ауыл шаруашы- лығы кәсіпорындарын қаржылық қамтамасыз етудегі рөлі

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the role and activities of a credit partnership in the process of financial support for agricultural enterprises. Using abstract-logical and statistical methods in accordance with the goal, the tasks of dynamic assessment of the activities of Tselinogradskoe Credit Partnership LLP in the Akmola region were considered, determining its role in providing financial support to agricultural producers, the state of lending to these producers, in particular, were considered the structure of loans and their use, as well as identifying problems associated with them. The state of income and expenses of the credit partnership, indicators of lending to agricultural producers, that is, their dynamics and structural changes, were assessed. As a result, from an economic point of view, it was found that the increase in net profit is determined, first of all, by the faster growth rate of income compared to the growth rate of expenses. The intermediary activities of CT Tselinogradskoe LLP were analyzed based on the number of participants, the amount of loans issued by area, their return rates over the course of several years, as well as a positive result of the activities of the credit company, A trend has been identified to increase the volume of lending to agricultural producers. And the efficiency of the credit partnership is confirmed by the improvement in the production and financial performance of participants and loan recipients. Further development of the mechanism for lending to agricultural producers through credit partnerships should be carried out taking into account the results of the production and financial activities of the partnership participants, and their volume should take into account the results of the enterprises’ activities.

PENGATURAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PADA PERJANJIAN E-CONTRACT PINJAM MEMINJAM UANG PADA LAYANAN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY BERBASIS PEER TO PEER LENDING

The development of globalization has encouraged the birth of the digital era of technology, and the presence of Financial Technology (Fintech). One of the features used is money lending, then information technology-based money lending and borrowing services or Peer to Peer Lending (P2PL) emerged, regulated in Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Money Lending and Borrowing Services (LPMUBTI) . The form of bond in fintech contained in an electronic contract arises as a result of an agreement between the Organizer and the Lender, or the Lender and the Loan Recipient. This research is normative juridical, as an approach to exploring law based on statutory regulations. The nature of the research used is descriptive research, aiming to describe clearly and in detail all the information obtained regarding the research subject, namely Fintech P2PL. The research results show that the protection of the parties in P2PL fintech is very lacking, namely loan recipients who lack education regarding P2PL fintech cause losses in default. Nor can lenders lose their money if bad credit occurs.Keyword: Legal Protection, Financial Technology, Peer to Peer Lending

Analysing Customer Satisfaction Towards Personal Loans: Evidence from Banking Industry

With an emphasis on banking industry, this study intends to examine customer satisfaction levels of those who have taken out personal loans from banking institutions. Customer satisfaction is a crucial indicator of success and longevity in the banking industry. This study explores the specifics of customer satisfaction among recipients of personal loans; wherein, the primary goal is to use operational research methods to analyse the intricate topography of customer satisfaction in the personal loan sector. The study’s secondary objective is to demonstrate how factor analysis, a well-known dimensionality reduction method, may combine these disparate traits into a condensed set of essential components. The work presents practical insights to guide strategic choices intended to improve customer satisfaction and foster long-term growth in the banking industry, focusing on Banking sector.

KEPASTIAN HUKUM AKTA PERJANJIAN HUTANG PIUTANG DAN JAMINAN YANG DIJADIKAN DASAR JUAL BELI TANAH.


 
 
 
 Legal certainty in the context of the deed of agreement on debts and guarantees that are the basis for the purchase and sale of land. so that the parties involved in the transaction can obtain legal clarity and security regarding debt-receivable obligations and rights and responsibilities related to guarantees, creating a solid foundation for the implementation of land sale and purchase transactions. This study raises two problems, namely the legal consequences of the cancellation of the debt and accounts receivable agreement accompanied by a guarantee in the sale and purchase of land and legal certainty deed of debt and Accounts Receivable Agreement and guarantee as the basis for sale and purchase by using the theory of legal consequences and The Theory of legal certainty. The method used in this study with the type of normative research is legal research with secondary data using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials. The research approach used is the approach of legislation, conceptual, case, and analytical and legal material collection techniques carried out by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules, researching library materials and other sources of legal materials relevant to the legal issues under study. Legal material analysis technique is done by legal interpretation (interpretation) grammatical, historical and systematic The results of this study that the legal certainty in the deed of agreement payable receivable for the sale and purchase of land form a solid foundation for the parties involved. Clarity regarding debt-receivable obligations and collateral-related responsibilities creates a stable legal environment, not only minimizing the potential for conflict, but also allowing transactionists to operate with confidence within a reliable legal framework. The role of the guarantee in the deed is the foundation that provides protection and trust in the land sale and purchase transaction, creating security for the creditor and confidence for the loan recipient. With clear guarantees, transaction actors can face the process of buying and selling land with more confidence, reducing financial risks that may arise.
 
 
 

Deeply divided along aid lines? Chinese loans, Cameroon and Anglophone marginalisation

Chinese development financial assistance goes into Africa mainly as loans but little is known about recipient sub-national distributive patterns, despite the potential of uneven allocations for inequitable development and conflict outcomes. Focusing on Cameroon, which is among the largest recipients of Chinese loans and is challenged by secessionist unrest, we explore if sub-state allocations favour the president’s birth region. We geo-locate Chinese loan-funded projects in Cameroon from open sources, fieldwork observations, and reviews of Sino-Cameroon agreements, and conduct interviews to gauge the influence of selected projects on voting in Cameroon’s 2018 presidential elections. We find evidence of more Chinese loan-funded projects reaching the president’s birth region and motivating pro-incumbent votes. Conversely, we find less Chinese loan-sponsored projects in the secessionist Anglophone regions, providing an empirical basis for proposing adjustments to the geopolitical configuration of Chinese development assistance to Cameroon for more equitable and auspicious outcomes.

Construction of Consumer Protection Against Illegal Online Loan Transactions As a Means of IUS Constituendum in Indonesia

The rise of illegal online loans has caused a lot of harm to consumers. Some argue that the OJK as a regulator in the field of financial services is considered incapable of protecting consumers. The research method, normative juridical approach with laws and regulations analyzed qualitatively. The conclusions obtained are, first, the regulation of consumer legal protection for online loans according to Indonesian law is carried out by applying the principles of transparency, fair treatment, reliability, confidentiality, and security of consumer data/information. Second, legal protection for online loan recipients is carried out preventively through regulation and supervision, as well as providing information and education to the public about the characteristics of illegal online loans. Repressive legal protection can be carried out by imposing administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions. Suggestions that can be conveyed are that the OJK needs to increase stricter supervision of online loan providers and that laws and regulations are needed that are higher than the existing laws and regulations.

Legal Protection For Third Parties Who Are Provided As Individual Guarantees By Fintech Peer-To-Peer Lending

The emergence of fintech companies is increasingly receiving attention from the public and regulators, namely the financial services authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI). This is stated in Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Money Lending and Borrowing Services. This regulation regulates information technology-based money lending and borrowing services or what is called peer to peer money lending. As of May 24 2021, the total number of fintech peer to peer lending or fintech lending providers registered and licensed with the OJK was 131 companies. In the case of a loan recipient applying for a loan on an online loan platform, the borrower will usually be asked to include an emergency contact as a condition for applying for a loan, but this is done without the permission of the third party who is used as an emergency contact. This resulted in losses for the emergency contact party due to terror from the lender as a result of the loan recipient experiencing late payments. LBH Jakarta received 1330 reports of loan victims from 25 provinces in Indonesia. One of them is Dian Siregar, who was a victim who was terrorized by an online loan where he received a short message from one of the KSP Rupiah Petir Pro loan applications after being made a guarantor by his friend without prior approval or confirmation.

Pouring the Paycheck Protection Program into craft beer: PPP employment effects in service-intensive industries

Small businesses in the food and beverage service industry are particularly vulnerable to crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most salient vulnerabilities was the drastic decline in consumer spending at eating and drinking places, generating unprecedented swings in employment in this service-intensive sector. Governments across the globe implemented rapid response fiscal policies to mitigate these economic damages and improve small business crisis management. One such policy was the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the United States. This study links restricted microdata from the Colorado Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to microdata on PPP loan recipients to assess whether the loan program effectively reduced unemployment rates in Colorado's craft beer industry. The results of a staggered difference-in-differences framework indicate immediate and longer-term positive and statistically significant effects of the loan program on employment outcomes, with employment effects ranging from 16.8 to 19.5%. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the loan program’s effectiveness among hard-hit industries comprised of small businesses.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pihak Yang Meminjamkan Dan Yang Meminjam Dalam Perjanjian Pinjam Pakai

Loan agreements are an important aspect of everyday life, facilitating the borrowing of goods or property for a certain period of time. In this context, legal protection for lending and borrowing parties is crucial. This paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of lending and use agreements as well as research methodology in evaluating the effectiveness of existing regulations. The study highlights the challenges and need to balance the rights and obligations of both parties. Referring to the Civil Code, this study examines the rights, obligations, and legal protection of both lenders and loan recipients. Equipped with car loan case studies, this paper highlights the need for clear regulations, including item identification, insurance, time limits, and rights and responsibilities that must be set out in detail in the agreement. With a deep understanding of laws and regulations, lending and use agreements can provide maximum protection for all parties involved.

Enhancing Default Prediction in P2P Lending using Random Forest and Grey Wolf Optimization-based Feature Selection

Online lending services such as Peer to Peer (P2P) loans provide convenience for lenders to transact directly without involving banks as intermediaries. Identifying potential loan recipients who are at risk of default is a crucial step in preventing financial losses, as lenders are responsible for default risk. However, predicting default risk becomes a challenge when P2P lending datasets have various complex features. Some features in P2P lending are redundant, while others do not significantly contribute to an effective solution. Therefore, feature selection is an important process to choose a relevant subset of features from input or target data. Traditional feature selection methods often fail to provide optimal results. A better approach is to use heuristic search algorithms capable of finding suboptimal feature subsets. We employ the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique, inspired by the hierarchy of leadership and grey wolf hunting mechanisms. Combined with Random Forest (RF), which has limitations in classifying data with very high dimensions, our GWO+RF combination has proven to enhance classification performance better than previous research. It achieves an accuracy score of 97.31%, compared to previous research with scores of only 67.72% for RBM+RF, 64% for Binary PSO+ERT, and 92% for GA+RF.

Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Mengenai Online Marketplace Shopee (Studi perbandingan Akad Qardh, Fatwa DSN No 19/DSNMUI/IV/2001 dan ketentuan perjanjian Fitur "SPinjam")

This study aims to determine how the Qardh Akad Analysis in the SPinjam Feature on the Shopee Application. Shopee Pinjam (SPinjam) is an online cash loan product that offers loans with a fast, safe, minimal risk and unsecured process. So that SPinjam becomes an alternative for people who need funds. because Indonesia is a majority Muslim community, this Marketplace must be adjusted to Sharia provisions. There is no Fatwa specifically related to the Marketplace. The formulation of the problem in this study How is the mechanism of Terms and Conditions of Shopee Pinjam Services for Loan Recipients on the Shopee Application, How is the Analysis of the Conformity of Qardh Akad with the Terms and Conditions of Shopee Pinjam Services for Loan Recipients on the Shopee Application and How is the Analysis of DSN-MUI Fatwa No: 19/DSNMUI/IV/2001 with the Terms and Conditions of Shopee Pinjam Services for Loan Recipients on the Shopee Application.This type of research is library research, the data analysis method uses normative descriptive methods, uses a fatwa approach and inductive thinking. The results of this study indicate that: Users of the SPinjam feature in the Shopee application are Shopee application users who have reached the gold member level with a certain credit limit. The loan consists of a disbursement fee of 1% monthly installment fee (5%/month) and a monthly SPinjam protection fee (0.25%/month). The conformity between DSN MUI Fatwa No.19/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 and the SPinjam Terms and Conditions of Service document can be concluded that it is not fully in accordance with the provisions of sharia principles. The conflicting points of the SPinjam Document are related to the following; loan repayment system in the form of credit, late fees, loan interest, risk of credit failure for borrowers and dispute resolution institutions

A hybrid intelligent model based on logistic regression and fuzzy multiple-attribute decision-making for credit evaluation

. One of the crucial issues in data mining is to select an appropriate classification algorithm. Due to it usually involves many criteria, the duty of algorithm selection can be widely described as multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems, including credit risk evaluation. Many different MADM approaches select classifiers based on different perspectives, and hence they might generate diverse classifiers' rankings. This paper aims to propose a hybrid intelligent model to overcome credit risk assessment problems based on logistic regression and the fuzzy MADM method. Firstly, the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) method evaluates attributes involved in credit risk problems by considering professional assessments of a decision-maker and calculates a weight for each criterion. Secondly, all categorical data converted into triangular-fuzzy numbers (TFNs) and numerical data are evaluated using the MADM instrument to obtain an optimal solution dataset and logistic regression to calculate the probabilities of the optimal dataset. In this experimental study, three existing classification techniques and the proposed intelligent model evaluate three banking credit datasets with a different number of criteria under numerical and categorical data types. The prediction accuracy results generated by the proposed model are compared with the three existing classification methods. The results exhibit that there are slight differences between the three datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed intelligent model has superiority in classifying the credit loan recipients especially for categorical datasets.

Impact of Tax Implementation on Fintech P2P Loans in Indonesia

This research paper aims to examine the impact of tax implementation on the number of P2P loan recipients and the amount of P2P loan disbursement in fintech industry of Indonesia. This empirical study is based on the number of accounts and loan data acquired from one of Indonesia’s government agencies – the Financial Services Authority (OJK) from February 2022 to April 2022 and June 2022 to August 2022 that are analyzed using various tests such as Skewness-Kurtosis Test, the variance ratio test, and t-test. The results show that tax implementation does not significantly affect the number of P2P loan recipients and the amount of P2P loan disbursement. This is because fintech offers greater benefits than traditional banks, such as convenience, time-saving, more access to financial products, and better security measures. The limited amount of available data and the number of provinces available become the limitation of the study to obtain optimum results.