Load Balancing Multicast Routing Research Articles

Improving acceptance rate of QoS-guaranteed point-to-multipoint traffic flows in elastic optical networks

Abstract This paper studies the load-balanced routing and admission control for point-to-multipoint traffic flows in elastic optical networks (EONs). EONs have emerged as a promising technology to provide high capacity for next-generation networks. Elastic bandwidth allocation promotes the spectrum utilization efficiency. We consider the problem of constructing bandwidth-guaranteed trees for on-demand point-to-multipoint session requests. A request is accepted, if a multicast tree with sufficient bandwidth on each link can be established. The main objective is to increase the multicast acceptance rate in the network. For this purpose, we propose an efficient scheme, namely optical load-balanced multicast routing with admission control (OLMR-AC), to improve the wavelength resources utilization in the network. As an advantage, OLMR-AC jointly considers both distance and congestion factors to create a multicast session. For each admitted session, a bandwidth–guaranteed steiner tree is provided in which not only the source node has a minimum-cost path to each receiver, but also its overall cost is minimal. The proposed scheme distributes the on-demand traffic flows over the available links fairly. Simulation results show the efficiency of the OLMR-AC algorithm in terms of multicast acceptance rate, average length of lightpaths, throughput, number of transmissions, and load variance.

A Load-Balanced Multicast Routing Algorithm Using Diversity Rate in CWMNs

Cognitive wireless mesh networks (CWMNs) were developed to improve the utilization ratio of licensed spectrum. Since the spectrum opportunities for users vary over time and location, enhancing the spectrum effectiveness is a goal and also a challenge for CWMNs. Multimedia applications have recently generated much interest in CWMNs supporting quality-of-service (QoS) communications. Multicast routing and spectrum allocation is an important challenge in CWMNs. In this paper, we study to design an effective multicast routing algorithm based on diversity rate with respect to load balancing and the number of transmissions for CWMNs. In this paper, a load balancing wireless links weight computing function and computing algorithm based on diversity rate (DRLB) are proposed, and a load balancing channel and rate allocating algorithm based on diversity rate (DR2CS) is proposed. On this basis, a load balancing joint multicast routing, channel and rate allocation algorithm based on diversity rate with QoS constraints for CWMNs (LMR2D) is proposed. Balancing the load of node and channel, and minimizing the number of transmissions of multicast tree are the objectives of LMR2D. Firstly, LMR2D computes the weight of wireless links using DRLB and Dijkstra for constructing the load balancing multicast tree step by step. Secondly, LMR2D uses DR2CS to allocate channel and rate of channel to links which is based on the wireless broadcast advantage. Simulation results show that LMR2D can achieve the expected goal. It can not only balance the load of node and channel, but also need lower number of transmissions for multicast tree.

Multicast Routing with Load Balancing in Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks

By an increasing expansion of multimedia services and group communication applications, the need for multicast routing to respond to multicast requests in wireless mesh networks is felt more than before. One of the main challenges in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks is the efficient use of the capacity of channels as well as load balance in network. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for building a multicast tree, namely, Load balanced Multicast routing with Genetic Algorithm (LM-GA). The purpose of this algorithm is to construct a multicast tree for requested sessions in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks (MCMR WMNs) regarding load balance in channels through minimizing the maximum amount of channels utilization. The results show the efficiency of LM-GA in distribution of load in the channels of the network with finding near-optimal solutions, and also an increase in the network performance while avoiding creation of bottlenecks.

DLBMRP: Design of Load Balanced Multicast Routing Protocol for Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANETs) is a wireless network of mobile nodes without any fixed base-station or any centralized administration. When a node sends a data packet to more than one node at a time, it is called multicasting, multicast often used to utilize the network resources like channel bandwidth and node energy to improve the network efficiency. Multicast in MANETs have several challenges due to frequent changes in the network such as node mobility, reliability, limited resources, etc. The MANETs is widely used in several fields like emergency searches, rescues operation, and military battlefields where sharing of information is mandatory. These operations often require a rapid deployable and quick reconfigurable routing protocols. Since mobile nodes in wireless ad-hoc network have limited resources so an efficient multicast routing protocol is needed to reduce the wastage of resources. This paper proposes a traffic load balanced multicast routing protocol (LBMRP) in order to reduce the network overhead and increases the network life. In this scheme all mobile nodes are randomly classified into multi group (three groups) and create a tree for each group in order to achieve efficient data transmission. Simulation results shows that the proposed LBMRP scheme outperforms with some existing multicast routing protocols as multicast ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol, reliability of the multicast ad-hoc on demand distance vector and Parallel multiple nearly-disjoint trees multicast routing schemes.

A Load-Balanced Multicast Routing Algorithm in Cognitive Wireless Mesh Networks

A load balanced wireless links weights computing function and computing algorithm(LBWC) are proposed.On this basis,a load balanced joint multicast routing and spectrum allocation algorithm with QoS constraints in cognitive wireless mesh networks(LMRS2A) is proposed.Balancing the load of network and minimizing the number of transmission of multicast tree are the objective of LMRS2A under the QoS constraints.First,LMRS2A computes the weights of wireless links using LBWC for constructing the load balanced multicast tree.Second,LMRS2A uses the algorithm WBA2S with QoS constraints allocating channel to links which is based on the Wireless Broadcast Advantage(WBA).Simulation results show that LMRS2A algorithm can achieve expectation goal.It can not only avoid the congestion of node,but also need lower number of transmission of multicast tree.

OLMRP: Hierarchical Outflow Load-balancing Multicast Routing Protocol for congestion control in Ad hoc Networks

This paper, proposes a new multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks that handles the congestion to improve the Quality of routing service. Part of the proposed protocol introduced a MAC layer level solution called Group Level Multicasting (GLM) that effectively handles the multicasting at one hop level mesh or tree. The proposed model controls the congestion in hierarchical order to minimize the resource utilization. Limited bandwidth and a high degree of mobility require that routing protocols for ad hoc networks be adaptive, trouble-free, and energy saving. This paper proposed a new Hierarchical Outflow Loadbalancing Multicast Routing Protocol (OLMRP) for Ad hoc networks, which handles congestion state. OLMR is capable to adapt a mesh or tree structure with enhanced similar resilience against mobility. OLMRP utilizes GLM to reduce the overhead of route failure recovery, improve route efficiency and reduce data transmissions. The simulation results show that OLMR handles congestion with reduced control overhead in various environments,also the improved packet delivery ratio.