Liza Abu Research Articles

Species of Monogenean Parasites Infesting Cyprinus carpio and Planiliza abu in Lake Balloran Dam-Syria

This study was conducted in Lake Balloran Dam and involved 68 fish specimens, including 23 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and 45 Abu mullet (Liza abu). Sampling was carried out monthly and randomly from July 2020 to August 2021. The research addressed parasitic infections in these two important species of freshwater fish. This work identifies five parasitic species of monogeneans, three of them were isolated from common carp and identified as species belonging to the genus Dactylogyrus: D. dogieli, D. minutus, and D. extensus. One species was isolated from both the common carp and Abu mullet, and identified as the species Gyrodactylus derjavini, and the other species, G. elegans, was isolated from only the common carp. Dactylogyrus species were primarily isolated from the gills of the studied fish, whereas Gyrodactylus species were found on the skin and fins. This study is of fundamental interest for the knowledge of parasitic biodiversity on the Asian continent that are widespread in vast bodies of water, and the species D. dogieli and G. derjavini were recorded for the first time in Syrian freshwater in this study.

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish: A systematic review

This study was conducted on the concentrations of PAHs, including benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of four PAHs (benz[a]anthracene, chryseno, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene), in unsmoked fish tissues. The values were related to the time period, locality (country and region), living habits, eating habits, and types of environments of the fish species. The data obtained has been also compared with the limits established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and European Union (E.U.) legislation. The data were collected through a PRISMA systematic review (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) from 1982 to 2020. Only documents that presented the PAHs concentration values were selected. China, Nigeria, and Iran had the highest number of studies. The species Coptodon zillii, Siganus punctatus, and Liza abu were the most commonly used bioindicators. Fish inhabiting demersal and pelagic environments showed the highest concentrations of PAHs. The majority of PAH concentrations of the analyzed documents fell within permissible limits for human consumption, representing a total percentage of 79.49 % for benzo[a]pyrene and 82.86 % for the sum of the 4 PAHs. Although some studies identified concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene alone and benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chryseno, benzo[b]fluoranthene above the legislation limits, in most of them, the concentrations reported in fish tissue were below the limits defined by European Legislation for human consumption.

Detection of Blood Parasites in Fish

Fish are often infected with different blood protozoa of the genera Babesiosoma, Trypanosoma, and Hemogrigarina. These blood parasites match the genera which infect the blood of mammals. A total of 120 samples from five different fish species (Barbus grypus, Barbus sharpyi, Liza abu, Carasobarbus luteus, and Aspius vorax) were collected from the Khazar River in Ninevah Governorate, Iraq at weekly intervals during the period from April 2022 to October 2022 for the detection of blood parasites and hematological analysis. Thin and thick Giemsa stained blood smears revealed significant infection with Trypanosoma, Babes iosoma, and Haemogregarina which were recorded in 32%, 16%, and 8% of Carasobarbus luteus samples, respectively; 30%, 15%, and 10% of B. sharpyi samples, respectively; and 23.3%, 16.7%, and 6.7% of B. grypus samples, respectively. No infection with Trypanosoma or Babesiosoma were recorded in L. Abu, and no infection with Babesiosoma or Haemogregarina were recorded in A. vorax. Hematological parameters of blood samples from infected fish showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, total red blood cells, and stacked cell size along with a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. This is the first study to identify blood parasites in fishes and to monitor the changes of hematological parameters in blood samples of infected fishes from the waters of Mosul, Iraq.

Isolation and Identification of the Parasites of Liza abu and Cyprnus carpio in Al-Shenafya River

During the period between April 2008 to March 2009,144 fish from Al-Shinafya river were collected and examined . the result revealed that both kinds of fish were infected with four groups of parasites:Philometra intestinalis,Contracaecum sp,Neoechinorychos rutili and Lernaea cyprinacea . The last one was found on the skin of Cyprnus carpio. Liza abu was infected with parasites for about 47.5% in comparison toCyrnus carpio which was %43.7 throughout the period of study . It was noticed that the highest degree of infection with N .rutili during July was 66.6% as far as Liza abu was concerned. Whereas, Cyprnus carpio was infected with the same parasite nearly 50% throughout April and August. In addition,the two kinds of fish were infected with N.rutili and P. intestinalis about 20% and 25% respectively .The percentage of Cyprnus carpio ś infection with L. cyprinacea was 16.6% throughout September and November.The present study shows that the longer the fish is the more infected with parasites. As such, the male of Liza abu whose length was (1.15-17 cm) registered the highest degree of infection as opposed to the female of Cyprnus which was 66-6% due to its length (1.19 cm and more). The statistic analyses revealed that there was no abstract infection between the two sexes . And that the percentage of infection with parasites increases with the increase of temperature which was 53.8% during July.

Growth and Reproductive Biology of Bream, Acanthobrama thisbeae (Freyhof&Özuluğ, 2014) a New Endemic Species in Sır Reservoir, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

In this study growth and reproductive biology of endemic and new species Acanthobrama thisbeae in Sır Reservoir were investigated. The population were composed of 80.6% female and 19.40 % male individuals. The individuals' total lengths (mm) and total weights (g) varied between 130.4 to 260.5 mm and 12.92 to 203.89 g, respectively. Age groups 2 to 8 were identified in the population and the majority of the sample was between 130 to 180 mm (80.22%). The length-weight relationship for all samples was W= 0.0000003*TL3.7265 with b value was significantly (p<0.001). The mean condition factors were 1.011±0.17 (n:263) between females and males. In observations of monthly changes, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the monthly frequency distribution spawning period were determined between April and June. Mean fecundity was 3574 egg/fish on mature individuals in reproductive periods. In addition, A. thisbeae individuals in Sır Reservoir were observed to be under the pressure of exotic species such as Liza abu and Carassius gibelio.

Determination of heavy metals including Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in edible fishes Liza abu, Brachirus orientalis and attributed cancer and non-cancer risk assessment

Background: Heavy metals are considered as pollutants polluting aquatic ecosystems because of their toxic effects and bioaccumulation in organisms. They can cause chronic poisoning when ingested by human. The present study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in the muscle tissue of Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis fish in Mahshahr, and also, to estimate the risk of muscle consumption of these fish. Methods: Forty samples of both fish species were randomly selected and after preparation and extraction and digestion processes, the metals were measured using ICP-OES Agilent Model 5100. Results: The mean concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the muscle tissue of the Liza abu fish were 0.616 ± 0.383, 1.227 ± 1.77, 0.076 ± 0.030, and 0.567 ± 0.267 mg/kg dry weight, and in the muscle tissue of the Brachirus orientalis fish were 0.846 ± 0.659, 0.515 ± 1.245, 0.061 ± 0.047, and 0.586 ± 0.548 mg/ kg dry weight, respectively. HI for Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis was 0.025 and 0.336, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the concentrations of Hg and Cr in the muscle tissue of Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis were slightly higher than some global standards such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). HQ index was below 1 for two fish species, meaning that there was no non-carcinogenic risk. In all samples analyzed, carcinogenic risk Cr was slightly above the permissible limit of 1×10-4 to 1×10-6 ،other metals were in this range.

Nutritional value of important commercial fish from Iraqi waters

Knowledge of the proximate chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture and ash) of fish species can be used to determine their nutritional value and to plan the industrial and commercial processing. Ten species of fish from marine and fresh waters of Iraq were studied. In marine and freshwater fish species, the highest level of moisture content was observed in Ilisha megaloptera (79.04 %) and Cyprinus carpio (78.51 %), and the lowest was observed in Chirocentrus dorab (73.74 %) and Liza abu (71.23 %). The lipid contents in the muscles of marine fish species ranged from 1.28 % in Ilisha megaloptera to 4.63 % in Cynoglossus bilineatus, while in freshwater fish species ranged from 3.16 % in Cyprinus carpio to 6.03 % in Liza abu. The highest protein values in the marine and freshwater fish species were recorded in Chirocentrus dorab (18.61 %) and Liza abu (19.15 %), and the lower values were in Cynoglossus bilineatus (11.77 %) and Cyprinus carpio (14.74 %). The percentage of ash content in the marine and freshwater fish species was highest in Cynoglossus bilineatus (4.24 %) and Liza abu (3.25 %), and lowest in Ilisha megaloptera (1.25 %) and Barbus xanthopterus (1.28 %). The results showed that the proximate composition of the fish varied significantly among the various fish species. The results revealed that moisture content was high when lipid was low indicating a significant inverse relationship between the two components (r = - 0.711).

RECORDING OF PARASTIC AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN THREE FISH FARMS, SOUTH OF BAGHDAD

Between January and August 2002, a total of 74 fishes belonging to nine species (Alburnus caeruleus, Barbus luteus, B. sharpeyi, Carassius auratus, C. carassius, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophathalmichthys molitrix and Liza abu) were collected from three fish farms south of Baghdad. Twenty-six species of parasites were observed.They were following : Three species of protozoa ( Ichthyophthirius multifiliis , Trichotina domerguei, Muxobolus nemchili), fifteen species belonged to monogenetic trematodes (Dactylogyrus achmerowi, D. anchoratus, D. arcuatus, D. baueri, D. dulkeiti, D. formosus, D. hypophathalmichthys, D. intermedius, D. lamellatus, D. minutus, D. solidus, D. varcohini, D. dvastator, Gyrodactylus baicalensis, G. elegans), three species belonged to digenetic trematodes (Diplostomum commutatum, D. phoxini, D. spathacum), one species of acanthocephala ( Neoechinorhynchus iraqensis ) and four crustacea (Ergasilus mosulenis, E. sieboldi, Ergasilus sp., Lernaea cyprinacea ). Moreover, two fungal species (Ichthyophonus hoferi ,Saprolegnia sp.). The observation of Dactylogyrus formosus and D. intermedius were regarded as the first record in Iraq. Meanwhile five new hosts for 18 species of parasites were described in the present study. However, most species of parasites were isolated from Cyprinus carpio (14 species).

MIXED EFFECT OF SOME OF HEAVY METALS ON SURVIVAL OF FISH LIZA ABU (HICKEL 1843)

Effect some of heavy metals ( Copper , Lead , Zinc) on survival of fish Liza abu (Hickel ) have been studied and compared with mixed effect of two elements in same concentrations (1 , 3, 5) ppm. Synergism effect observed on mixed of (Cu + Pb , Cu + Zn ) while Antagonism effect at mixture of (Zn + Pb) . All of these effects order as follows : Cu + Zn> Cu + Pb > Pb + Zn.

EFFECT OF SALINITY ACCLIMATION ON FOOD INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND EVACUATION RATE IN LIZA ABU JUVENILES

The results obtained for the juveniles of Liza abu showed that in high salinity there was a decrease in food intake (1.88%) compared to low salinity (7g/l) and tap water (1.5g/l). Also the total digestibility decreased 10% with increasing salinity from1.5 to 15 7g/l as a result of increasing the evacuation rate, where values reached 88.39% and 90.3% from total faces weight in salinity 7 and 15 g/l respectively after 18 hrs.

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE FISHERIES IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE TIGRIS RIVER, NORTH QURNA, BASRAH, IRAQ

The fisheries of the lower reaches of Tigris river, north Qurna in Basrah Governorate have been analyzed during the period from January to December 2005. The fishing boats used there varied in lengths form 5 to 10m, of which 50% were motorized with 25-75 HP. Seine and drift gill nets are the main fishing gears used, their lengths ranged from 100 to 200m with mesh sizes of 14-100mm and 7-32mm for seine and gill nets respectively. The number of fishermen in each boat varied from 1 to 7. Twenty three fish species were recorded caught in the area, of which eight were marine species, belonging to twelve fish families, in addition to shrimps. The total catches ranged from 629Kg in January - march to 3335Kg in July- September with total catch of 7671Kg. Three species namely catfish Silurus triostegus, crucian carp Carassius carassius and khishni Liza abu comprised 86.93% of the total catches constituting 69.65%, 11.02% and 6.26%, respectively. The average catch per unit of effort was 19.8 Kg/hr/100m for seine nets and 2.42 Kg/hr/100m for gill nets. The diversity and evenness indices for biomass were 1.0 and 0.33, respectively, in July-September and 1.5 and 0.52, respectively, in October-December. The highest similarity index of species composition was between April-June and July-September (87%), and lowest between April-June and January-March (63%).

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE FISHERIES IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE TIGRIS RIVER, NORTH QURNA, BASRAH, IRAQ

The fisheries of the lower reaches of Tigris river, north Qurna in Basrah Governorate have been analyzed during the period from January to December 2005. The fishing boats used there varied in lengths form 5 to 10m, of which 50% were motorized with 25-75 HP. Seine and drift gill nets are the main fishing gears used, their lengths ranged from 100 to 200m with mesh sizes of 14-100mm and 7-32mm for seine and gill nets respectively. The number of fishermen in each boat varied from 1 to 7. Twenty three fish species were recorded caught in the area, of which eight were marine species, belonging to twelve fish families, in addition to shrimps. The total catches ranged from 629Kg in January - march to 3335Kg in July- September with total catch of 7671Kg. Three species namely catfish Silurus triostegus, crucian carp Carassius carassius and khishni Liza abu comprised 86.93% of the total catches constituting 69.65%, 11.02% and 6.26%, respectively. The average catch per unit of effort was 19.8 Kg/hr/100m for seine nets and 2.42 Kg/hr/100m for gill nets. The diversity and evenness indices for biomass were 1.0 and 0.33, respectively, in July-September and 1.5 and 0.52, respectively, in October-December. The highest similarity index of species composition was between April-June and July-September (87%), and lowest between April-June and January-March (63%).

Literature review on fish parasites of Al-Furat fish farm, Babylon province, Iraq

The paper reviews all the reports concerning the parasitic fauna of the three species of carps cultured in Al-Furat fish farm, Babylon province, mid Iraq. These fishes included the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as the mullet (Liza abu) found in the same farm. The parasitic fauna included 60 valid parasite species: ten protozoans, three myxozoans, 29 monogeneans, one trematode, five cestodes, three nematodes, two acanthocephalans, six crustaceans and one mollusc. The common carp was found to harbour 56 species of parasites, the grass carp 25 species, the silver carp 25 species and the mullet six species. The parasitic species were revised and some were synonymised in accordance with latest internet taxonomical accounts. A host- parasite list was prepared for each host species which included all documented literature concerned with this farm.

Parasitic Protozoans infecting free – living fishes of Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam , Lattakia, Syria

The study included 144 fishes in Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam for detecting the infection with parasitic Protozoans, and determine the distribution rate. Fishes were collected randomly once a month, during the period from 22/12/2011 until 22/12/2012. Collected fishes samples were belonged to the following species: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufa, Tilapia zillii, and Liza abu. T. zillii was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. The study has shown presence of three species of parasitic Protozoans on the Skin, Fins and Gills continuously. Trichodina sp. was the most distributed one with a rate of (34.03%) then Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (15.97 %) then Chilodonella cyprini ( 2.78 %). The infection rate of T. zillii with parasitic Protozoans was the highest 54.46 %, Trichodina sp. was 42.57 % ( in Summer 62.26 %), and C. cyprini 3.96 %,( in Summer 7.55 %) whereby the infection rate with I. multifiliis was 19.80 %( in Autumn 33.33 %).

Effects of Molecular Weights -Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Liza abu Muscle Protein Hydrolysates

Effects of Molecular Weights -Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Liza abu Muscle Protein Hydrolysates

Extraction and identification of Carnosines from Alkhshni Fish Liza abu L. by using different techniques

Carnosines were extracted from alkhshni fish Liza abu L. by using alcohol and water separation,Carnosines were identificated in several ways including spectroscopy identification using UV-visible and Fourier Transform infrared spectrophotometer technology and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), spectral diagnostics using Ultraviolet-visible (UV) carnosines single peak showed at 215 nm wavelength and at diagnosis High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) retention time stood for standard carnosines 2.532 and author carnosines separated from 2.614 minutes alcoholic carnosines and 2.625 minutes aqueous carnosines, after undetecting the detection of toxicity assay of carnosines prepared on human blood serum and there have been no changes in its shape and appearance.

Study of haemoflagellates Trypanosoma sp. infection in some fish of Iraq marshes and relationship of leukocytes with inflammatory response

Fresh water fishes infected with different species of genus Trypanosoma parasite that is similar to that same genus in blood of mammals. Trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness disease that causes by protozoa flagellate parasites which live inside cell called Trypanosoma. Fish parasites play an important role in regulating the population of their hosts. This study was implemented to verify the infection with Trypanosoma sp. report the cellular intervening through inflammatory response in blood smears of infected fishes. A total of 190 fishes of three species Carasobarbus luteus, Aspius vorax and Liza abu were collected from Al-Hamare and Al-Chibayish marsh south of Iraq. The flagellate parasite Trypanosoma sp. observed in blood of Carasobarbus luteus 41.42% and Aspius vorax 12.28% fishes, while no infection was recorded with Trypanosoma sp. in Liza abu fishes. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection were calculated. The different counts and various types of inflammatory cells were monitored, there are increased in lymphocytes in the infected fishes. Statistically, there are significant differences (p<0.05) among species of infected fish with Trypanosoma sp.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium from Different Species of Fish in Karbala Province, Iraq

This study was designed for isolation and molecular identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) from fish during the period between October and December 2017 from Karbla province, Iraq. This study included 200 fresh fish samples from four different species including Spondyliosoma cantharus, Liza abu, Carassius carassius and Cyprinuscarpio. Three samples of each fish were taken including gills, muscles and all internal organs. The samples were processed by decontamination, concentration of 4% sodium hydroxide, and 0.1 ml of sediment was streaking on Löwenstein Johnson (LJ) media; then the bacterial cultures were incubated at 28-30 °C for 3days up to 4 weeks and suspected colonies were stained with acid fast stain to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium. Further identification, biochemical tests were carried out to confirm the diagnosis of isolates, PCR was done using 16s RNA gene for all isolates, hsp65 gene was used in unidentified NTM spp and to confirm the others. Results revealed that out of 200 fish samples, 19 isolates 9.5% were identified as NTM belonged to Rapid Growth Mycobacterium (RGM). of the total isolates, 18.26 % was investigated from Liza abu (Kishni, Abu khraiza). NTM (RGM) isolates on spp level identified six spp of these isolates. M. porcinum was 26.32% which was followed by M. fortuitum of 21.05%, others included M. neworleansense and M. mucogenicum 10.5% of each, M. cosmeticum and M. pallens 5.26% of each. The distribution of NTM spp in the fish organs, nine out of 19 (47.37%) NTM isolate were recovered from gills followed by muscles 36.84 %, while 15.79% from internal organs. These results were the first study concerning isolation of these spp of NTM from fish in Iraq, and some spp are not reported in other studies. This study concluded that the fish is an importance source or reservoir for NTM, especially the pathogenic spp.

Systematics and Distribution of Freshwater Icthyofauna in Babylon Province

Several studies have been carried out on the classification of freshwater fish (Icthyofauna) in all of Iraq or in the Tigris and Euphrates basin. The current study consisted of (82 specimens) were collected from three different regions within Babylon Province for seven months. Taxonomic status of specimens were studied depending on morphometric traits (biometrics), then preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Surveyed area included three main sites in Babylon province, which is located in the center of Iraq. The diagnostic results showed that the collected fish samples related to five families, nine genera, and twelve species, as following: Family cyprinidae (Aspius vorax, Barbus barbulus, B. luteus, B. xanthopterus, B. grypus, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio); family Bagridae (Mystus pelusius); family Siluridae (Silurus triostegus); family Mugilidae (Planiliza) (Liza abu) and (L. subviridis); family Cichlidae (Tilapia zilli).

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and prawn in the Persian Gulf, Iran

This study aimed to speciate and quantify potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in addition to estimate potential human health risk of PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) through the consumption of three edible fish species (Leuciscus vorax, Liza abu, and Coptodon zillii) and two prawn species (Metapenaeus affinis and Penaeus semisulcatus) collected from Arvand River and Musa Estuary in the Persian Gulf. The concentration of As in prawn species exceeded permissible limit set by international organizations. PAHs were dominated by low molecular weight species such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, and, fluorene but generally exhibited low mean concentrations in fish and prawn samples. The human health hazard posed by PTEs was assessed using methods that consider estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), target hazard quotients (THQ), and combined THQ. The results suggested that elevated As concentrations in almost all prawn samples may pose a probable health hazard to local inhabitants.