Livestock Sector In India Research Articles

Assessing Sustainability of Livestock Sector in India

Assessing Sustainability of Livestock Sector in India

Emerging Opportunities for Restructuring Livestock Products and Supply Chains in Post-COVID-19 in India: A Review

The outbreak of COVID-19 has vividly tested the resilience of the livestock sector in India. During this process, a volume of current and potential opportunities has also arisen to redesign livestock products and supply chains. The study reviewed systematic observations to enhance productivity, product quality, and traceability in the livestock sector of India. The study explored the nature of recent digitization and remote monitoring through sensors, food development, and supply chain remodelling to assess post-pandemic acceleration toward modern production and marketing channels. An extensive review of the studies revealed that the emergence of organized micro-delivery channels had created a vast market scope to modernize distribution supply chains, where real-time production chains provided seamless transmission of information among all the stakeholders. The study revealed that the Government should encourage agri-tech startups, which can play a crucial role in propagating organized and hybrid supply chains. Further, livestock value-added product development through large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can help to reduce nutritional deficiency. Therefore, the study concluded that redesigning supply chains and value-added product development in the livestock sector are crucial to inclusive and sustainable agricultural development.

Entrepreneurship potential of chicken nuggets and meat balls in Puducherry

Poultry industry is one of the important segments of livestock sector in India. The growth rate of poultry production in India is showing an upward trend as per the latest 20th livestock census of India. In this study manufacturing of meat products was undertaken over a period of four months in Department of Livestock Product Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Puducherry. During this project, chicken nuggets were manufactured and marketed in and around Puducherry region. The net profit of project was around 55.4 percentage. The data obtained in the current study may be useful as a reference for future scientific chicken nuggets production as potential entrepreneurship opportunity.

COVID-19, livestock supply chains and livelihoods in India: a review of impacts and implications

Purpose The global outbreak of COVID-19 and its subsequent varied impacts on different economic activities necessitate to examine its disruptions and impacts on livestock sector in India due to its recently surging potential as an unrivaled alternative to boost farmer’s income.Design/methodology/approachThe studies for review were identified through search in different databases using relevant keywords. Only full text papers written in English language were reviewed. The review was organized and streamlined using Covidence software.FindingsAnalysis of the literature reveals adverse effects of COVID-19 on functioning of input and output stages of livestock supply chains. This has resulted in upstream and downstream economic losses that affect livelihoods of the producers.Research limitations/implicationsScale of unprecedented crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic requires creative policy decisions to make livestock production systems robust, resilient and sustainable. Organized production systems are required to integrate with livestock-tech startups to modernize their supply chains, whereas local supply chains are required to reorient with government’s intervention in terms of developing on-farm production and postproduction processing facilities.Originality/valueAlthough there exist some evidence on COVID-19-related impacts on livestock sector of India, but an integrated review of evidence on COVID-19 related disruptions at all the stages (from input supply to marketing) of livestock supply chains was missing.

Spatio-temporal distribution of subsidy on major livestock inputs and services in India

We estimate the subsidies on the major inputs and services to the livestock sector in India. The livestock subsidy increased at 7% per annum from 2006 to 2017. Of the total livestock subsidy, veterinary and health services accounted for 75%, and livestock insurance the least, although it grew at a high rate. We also construct an agricultural development index. The rank correlation between the livestock subsidy and the index shows that the allocation of subsidy is higher to states that rank low on the index, as it should be, because less developed regions need more support for growth and development.

Assessing Livestock Sector Development of India in the Era of Global Trade Distortions

In the WTO regime, surging imports have not only affected farm incomes but also employment in many developing countries. Consequent upon cheap imports and absence of adequate protection measures, safeguarding income and livelihood of poor farmers have emerged issues that need to be addressed by policy makers. As rightly pointed out, the developing world have suddenly become the children of a lesser god and they are the neo-poor. Further, though producer milk prices in India stand significantly lower than US and Western Europe, dairy product prices are relatively higher than international market prices owing to domestic processing inefficiencies in India. An earlier study assessed the impact of GATT on dairy products and projected the world dairy product prices to rise by about 2.3 per cent in real terms by the year 2002. The study categorically emphasized on the fact that domestic product prices would remain higher than world market prices despite expected surge in world market prices. This necessitates improvement in production and processing efficiency of livestock sector in India to make it competitive with imports. India is already price competitive in the world market and when subsidies from competitive producers like USA and EU countries are removed, the situation will make India more price competitive. In case India is not able to capture the world market in the event of removal of subsidies from the modern bloc countries, the other competitors like Australia and New Zealand would capture this market and enter in a big way to flood markets with their dairy products, making us loosing our competitiveness and a great opportunity in the new trade regime.

Livestock Sector in India: A Critical Analysis

India has the world’s largest livestock population accounting for over 37.28 per cent of cattle, 21.23 per cent of buffalo, 26.40 per cent of goats and 12.17 per cent of sheep. The study examined the growth and export dimension of livestock sector in India, the factors affecting livestock output and the trends, performance and determinants of the livestock sector in India. Secondary data for years (1951 to 2016-17) were collected. Besides, Regression analysis, the Markov Chain analysis and Coppock’s Index were computed to achieve the stipulated objectives. The results revealed that India’s total livestock population increased from 289.4 million in 1951 to 529.70 million in 2007 but plummeted to 512.06 million in 2012, while total poultry population increased consistently from 73.5 million in 1951 to 729.21 million in 2012.
 In livestock composition, the ovine share was increased but the bovine share was decreased. Buffalo, goat and pig share in livestock population was increased but the cow, cattle and sheep share to total livestock population was decreased. The instability was observed to be highest in poultry, remaining livestock animals also shows instability in its population growth. India’s milk, meat, egg and wool production increased at the rate of 4.18, 2.74, 6.02 and 0.81 per cent per annum respectively during the study period. In India production of milk increased rapidly after the year 1970 while production of meat and egg increased rapidly after the year 1980. In past India’s trade balance for livestock and livestock products was deficient, now it has been shifted to a positive balance.

Does biasedness have women’s face in rural Indian Dairy Sector? : A review

Agriculture is regarded as one of the major pillars providing support to the rural population in their daily bread and butter. Due to growing rural to urban migration by men, there is ‘feminization’ of the agriculture sector (The Economic Survey of India, 2017-18). But this scenario changes to a different zone when we take into account the rural livestock sector in India. It paints a different picture all over. In India, the feminization of livestock production and animal husbandry had started long back even before the advent of Operation Flood in the 1970s. As of recent times, about 70% of the workers, 80% of food producers, and 10% of basic food stuff processors pertaining to the livestock sector are women. Instead of their considerable involvement and participation, significant gender disparities exist in access to technologies, credit, information, inputs and services owing to inequities in ownership of productive assets including land and livestock. There is an urgent need to correct gender biasedness. Recognition and support of women’s roles as livestock owners, processors etc.; needs to be strengthened along with their decision-making capabilities, which would promote the women’s economic and social empowerment providing a way to break the cycle of poverty.

Impact of climate change (heat stress) on livestock: adaptation and mitigation strategies for sustainable production

It is reported sporadically in different countries of the world including India that climate change has adverse effect on livestock productivity, particularly on milk production and growth which is reflected in meat production indirectly. Climate Change poses formidable challenge to the development of livestock sector in India. The rise in temperature between 2 to 3 °C over the entire country together with increased humidity resulting from climate change is likely to aggravate the heat stress in dairy animals resulting in reduced growth and milk production. Quantification of these potential impacts of climate on livestock production allows producers to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of the changes in production levels and potential indicators of livestock response, on which managemental actions depend. Economic losses resulting from temperature-induced reductions in production may justify adaptation and mitigation of adverse impact of climate change on animal. So in this paper impact of climate change on feed intake, production, reproduction, physiology, disease occurrence in livestock, poultry etc were discussed. Moreover different adaptive and mitigation measures were discussed to reduce adverse negative effect of climate change for sustainable livestock production

Effect of Global Warming on Livestock Production and Reproduction: An Overview

Global warming refers to the increase in the earth’s average temperature due to the accumulation of green house gases in the atmosphere. Due to global warming, there is a climate change which poses alarming challenge to the development of livestock sector in India with an anticipated rise in temperature between 2.3 and 4.8°C together with increased precipitation. This causes thermal stress to animals. Effect of thermal stress on animal health mainly includes reduction of production and reproduction traits in animals. Reduction in milk production is one of the major economic impacts of thermal stress in dairy cattle. Heat stress is of major concern for the poultry industry because of the resulting poor growth performances and high mortality rates. Over all, heat stress reduces the reproductive and productive performance of livestock by various means and thus in this review, we presented a brief note of various production and reproduction parameters affected due to global warming. Keywords: Global warming, production, reproduction Cite this Article Balamurugan B, Tejaswi V, Priya K et al. Effect of Global Warming on Livestock Production and Reproduction: An Overview. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2017; 6(3): 12–18p.

A Temporal Analysis on Population and Production of Livestock Sector in India with Special Reference to Punjab

A Temporal Analysis on Population and Production of Livestock Sector in India with Special Reference to Punjab

Performance of Livestock Sector in India (With Reference to Bovine Population)

Most of the farmers in India depend on agriculture and allied activities. The dairying has been playing a major role by providing livelihoods to the rural people. The objectives of the study are: to know the growth in the bovine population in India, analyse the trends in milk production and per capita availability of milk and analyse the share of livestock production in GDP. The study reveals that the percentage share of cows declined and that of buffaloes significantly increased. It is due to high price for buffalo milk. It is observed that the percentage of CB cattle in total cattle increased and that of indigenous cattle population declined. The per capita availability of milk increased from 130 grams per day in 1950 to 299 grams in 2012. The share of livestock sector in agriculture GDP also increased from 13.88% in 1980-81 to 29.20% in 2012-13. Among the top ten countries in the world India is in 2nd position in cow milk production. It is also evident that among the top ten countries India is in 1st position in buffalo milk production. It is observed that the milk yield per head is low in India. Hence there is need to raise the milk yield in order to enhance the per capita availability of milk and to meet the increasing demand. Measures must also be taken to protect the cattle and to increase their number.

Climate Change and Livestock Production in India: Effects and Mitigation Strategies

Climate change poses formidable challenge to the development of livestock sector in India. The anticipated rise in temperature between 2.3°c and 4.8°c over the entire country together with increased precipitation resulting from climate change is likely to aggravate the heat stress in dairy animals, adversely affecting their productive and reproductive performance, and hence reducing the total area where high yielding dairy cattle can be economically reared. Given the vulnerability of India to rise in sea level, the impact of increased intensity of extreme events on the livestock sector would be large and devastating for the low-income rural areas. The predicted negative impact of climate change on Indian agriculture would also adversely affect livestock production by aggravating the feed and fodder shortages. The livestock sector which will be a sufferer of climate change is itself a large source of methane emissions, an important greenhouse gas. In India, although the emission rate per animal is much lower than the developed countries, due to vast livestock population the total annual methane emissions are about 9–10 Tg from enteric fermentation and animal wastes. Other direct or indirect effect such as feed resources, water resources and health contributed significantly to the change in production pattern in India`s livestock industry that support more than 70% of rural populace. It is suggested that strong and sound policies to be implemented to preserve local indigenous breeds of livestock, improvement of pasture, water resource management, research and development would mitigate the monumental consequences of climate change on livestock in India.

English

Deficit of the feed and fodder availability of the desired quality has been considered as the major bottleneck in harnessing the potential of the livestock sector in India. With the objective to find out the suitable variety of oat for getting maximum seed yield, a field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2007 to 2008 at JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP). The treatments consisted of six varieties of oat (Kent, UPO 2005-1, NDO-1, JO 2003-78, OS-6 and JHO-822). The results showed that the variety NDO-1 produced the highest number of tillers/m2, panicle weight and 1000 grain weight which resulted into higher seed yield (3.64 t/ha) than other varieties followed by Kent (3.52 t/ha) whereas, the variety OS-6 recorded lowest (2.86 t/ha) but its variation with JO 2003-78 (2.95 t/ha), UPO 2005-1 (3.10 t/ha) and JHO-822 (3.18 t/ha) was not significant. The straw yield was higher under variety OS-6 (10.62 t/ha) compared to other varieties. Growth parameters such as crop growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area index were superior for variety NDO-1. NDO-1 recorded highest benefit-cost ratio (2.84), which was due to high gross as well as net monetary returns obtained.   Key words: Avena sativa L., benefit-cost ratio, forage dry matter, oat varieties, net monetary returns, yield.

Profiling of virulence associated genes of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle

Pasteurella multocida is a causative agent of many major diseases of which haemorrhagic septiciemia (HS) in cattle & a buffalo is responsible for significant losses to livestock sector in India and south Asia. The disease outcome is affected by various host- and pathogen-specific determinants. Several bacterial species-specific putative virulence factors including the capsular and virulence associated genes have been proposed to play a key role in this interaction. A total of 23 isolates of P. multocida were obtained from 335 cases of various clinically healthy and diseased cattle. These isolates were examined for capsule synthesis genes (capA, B, D, E and F) and eleven virulence associated genes (tbpA, pfhA, toxA, hgbB, hgbA, nanH, nanB, sodA, sodC, oma87 and ptfA) by PCR. A total of 19 P. multocida isolates belonging to capsular type B and 4 of capsular type A were isolated. All isolates of capsular type B harboured the virulence associated genes: tbpA, pfhA, hgbA, sodC and nanH, coding for transferrin binding protein, filamentous hemagglutinin, haemoglobin binding protein, superoxide dismutase and neuraminidases, respectively; while isolates belonging to capsular type A also carried tbpA, pfhA, hgbA and nanH genes. Only 50 % of capsular type A isolates contained sodC gene while 100 % of capsular type B isolates had sodC gene. The gene nanB and toxA were absent in all the 23 isolates. In capsular type A isolates, either sodA or sodC gene was present & these genes did not occur concurrently. The presence of virulence associated gene ptfA revealed a positive association with the disease outcome in cattle and could therefore be an important epidemiological marker gene for characterizing P. multocida isolates.

Livestock Value Chains: Prospects, Challenges and Policy Implications for Eastern India

Livestock Value Chains: Prospects, Challenges and Policy Implications for Eastern India

Animal breeding in India - a time for reflection, and action

Animal breeding in India - a time for reflection, and action

Livestock Sector in India - Recent Trends and Progress

Indian livestock industry makes up for a significant amount of world's livestock resources. Both the national economy as well as the socio-economic growth of the country is backed by the livestock sector. Besides, offering great potential and outstanding contribution in the agricultural sector over the past years. The livestock sector is performing well in the manner of production, value addition and export of dairy, fishery, wool, poultry and other products. Apart from its performance there are some threats also exist we need to re-correct it and take the global market opportunities.

Preference of service providers for the veterinary service-a case study of Sangli District of Maharastra state, India

Availability of veterinary services is very important for development of livestock sector in India. In many locations apart from state veterinary services other veterinary services are also available and the veterinary service users have the choice available with them regarding the service providers. The preference of service providers depend upon the location, distance, livestock holding and capacity to pay and quality of services. A study was conducted among the livestock owners of Sangli district in Maharastra to assess the preference of the livestock owners towards a particular veterinary service provider. Majority of large farmers preferred state veterinary services and cooperative veterinary services where it had strong presence. Cooperative veterinary service can be a good alternative to the state veterinary services and the private veterinary service providers are still not preferred in the rural area.

Sufferer and cause: Indian livestock and climate change

Climate change poses formidable challenge to the development of livestock sector in India. The anticipated rise in temperature between 2.3 and 4.8°C over the entire country together with increased precipitation resulting from climate change is likely to aggravate the heat stress in dairy animals, adversely affecting their productive and reproductive performance, and hence reducing the total area where high yielding dairy cattle can be economically reared. Given the vulnerability of India to rise in sea level, the impact of increased intensity of extreme events on the livestock sector would be large and devastating for the low-income rural areas. The predicted negative impact of climate change on Indian agriculture would also adversely affect livestock production by aggravating the feed and fodder shortages. The livestock sector which will be a sufferer of climate change is itself a large source of methane emissions, an important greenhouse gas. In India, although the emission rate per animal is much lower than the developed countries, due to vast livestock population the total annual methane emissions are about 9–10 Tg from enteric fermentation and animal wastes.