Livestock Production In China Research Articles

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Addition to Vegetation and Soil Bacterial Communities in Saline-Alkali-Degraded Grassland with Photovoltaic Panels.

The Songnen grassland is an important resource for livestock production in China. Due to the intensification of anthropogenic activities in recent years, vegetation degradation has worsened, and the salinization of grassland has become increasingly serious, which severely affects the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry. In this study, organic fertilizer addition was carried out at saline-and-alkaline-degraded Songnen grassland sites with photovoltaic panels, and we investigated the effects of organic fertilizer treatments on the vegetation and soil bacteria in these areas. The results showed that both organic fertilizer treatments increased the community composition and diversity indices of plants (p < 0.05); they also had significant effects on soil electrical conductivity and rapidly available potassium (p < 0.05). In the dominant phylum of bacteria, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased without adding organic fertilizer under the photovoltaic panel; the addition of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota (p < 0.05), reducing their relative abundance, respectively. There were differences in the number of bacteria at the genus level under different treatments compared to the control, with the highest enrichment of bacteria occurring at the OFE position, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) being found between the control and the other four groups at the genus level of g_norank_f_norank_o_Actinomarinales. Organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the bacterial Simpson diversity index, with the most significant increasing trend found in OFE (the front eaves of the photovoltaic panel in fertilization area). The results of a correlation analysis showed that pH, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community.

Potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from pig production in China on the basis of households’ pork consumption

In the past decades, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pig production in China have been increasing rapidly, which has become a huge challenge in fulfilling China’s “carbon neutral” commitment. However, few studies have focused on reducing the GHG emissions from pig production in view of households’ pork consumption. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of the GHG emissions from pig production in China in 2001–2020 through geographical information system, optimized the pig production in China, and estimated thepotentialGHG emissions reduction from pig production in China in 2020 through spatial analysis based on pork surplus or deficit. Results show that the temporal and spatial pattern of the GHG emissions from pig production and its proportion in the total GHG emissions from livestock production in China in 2001–2020 varied differently at the province level and conformed to the “Hu Huanyong Line” mode. The largest and smallest GHG emissions from pig production were 108.93 million tons (MT) in 2014 and 78.10 MT in 2020, respectively. The largest and smallest proportions of GHG emissions from pig production in the total GHG emissions from livestock production were 77.52% in Zhejiang in 2013 and 0.13% in Tibet in 2009, respectively. Moreover, a potential optimization scheme of pig production in China in 2020 was provided and a method of GHG emissions reduction from pig production is proposed. The results indicate that the total potentialGHG emissions reduction from pig production on the basis of households’ pork consumption could reach 35.21 MT, accounting for 45.09% of the total GHG emissions from pig production and 10.27% of the total GHG emissions from livestock production in China in 2020. These findings areusefulin the spatial layout planning of pig production, agricultural GHG reduction, and global warming mitigation.

High-resolution maps of intensive and extensive livestock production in China

High-resolution maps of intensive and extensive livestock production in China

An Empirical Analysis of the Role of Forage Product Trade on Grassland Quality and Livestock Production in China

The restoration of grassland ecosystems and the development of the livestock industry in China are constrained by a gap in livestock feed supply and demand. The importation of forage products, as an important means to bridge this feed gap, deserves attention for its relationship with grassland quality and livestock production. This paper empirically examines the relationship between forage products trade and grassland quality, as well as livestock production. The paper uses a cointegration test and error correction model based on data on forage product trade, grassland quality, and livestock production in seven livestock-type regions from 2006 to 2020. The results show that forage product trade has a long-term stable equilibrium relationship with grassland quality in China. The relationships between forage product trade and livestock production in different livestock-type regions are heterogeneous. Among these heterogeneous results, livestock production in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, Loess Plateau Region, Southwest Mountain Region, and Northeast Region are closely related to forage product trade. It appears that importation of feed reduces pressure on natural grasslands, as well as providing high-quality feed that improves livestock production. The above findings can help explain the characteristics of livestock production in different livestock-type regions in China, as well as provide empirical evidence and new ideas for restoring grassland environments and developing herbivorous animal husbandry.

Policy-enabled stabilization of nitrous oxide emissions from livestock production in China over 1978-2017.

Mitigating livestock-related nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is key for China to meet its 2060 carbon neutrality target. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude, spatiotemporal variation and drivers of Chinese livestock N2O emissions from 1978 to 2017. We developed scenarios to explore emissions mitigation potential and associated marginal abatement costs and social benefits. The average growth rate of China's livestock N2O emissions increased by 4.6% per year through 2006, falling sharply over 2007-2015 and gradually declining in 2017 due to a slowdown in population and meat-consumption growth rates. We estimate the technical mitigation potential of livestock N2O emissions in 2030 to be 7-21% (or 23.1-70.9 Gg N2O), with implementation costs of US$5.5 billion to US$6.0 billion. Priority regions for intervention were identified in the North China Plain, Northeast Plain and Lianghu Plain. Among mitigation opportunities, anaerobic digestion offers the greatest social benefit, while low crude protein feed is the most cost-effective option.

Distinct increase in antimicrobial resistance genes among Escherichia coli during 50 years of antimicrobial use in livestock production in China.

Antimicrobial use in livestock production is linked to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but large-scale studies on AMR changes in livestock isolates remain scarce. Here we applied whole-genome sequence analysis to 982 animal-derived Escherichia coli samples collected in China from the 1970s to 2019, finding that the number of AMR genes (ARGs) per isolate doubled-including those conferring resistance to critically important agents for both veterinary (florfenicol and norfloxacin) and human medicine (colistin, cephalosporins and meropenem). Plasmids of incompatibility groups IncC, IncHI2, IncK, IncI and IncX increased distinctly in the past 50 years, acting as highly effective vehicles for ARG spread. Using antimicrobials of the same class, or even unrelated classes, may co-select for mobile genetic elements carrying multiple co-existing ARGs. Prohibiting or strictly curtailing antimicrobial use in livestock is therefore urgently needed to reduce the growing threat from AMR.

Relocate 10 billion livestock to reduce harmful nitrogen pollution exposure for 90% of China's population.

Livestock production in China is increasingly located near urban areas, exposing human populations to nitrogen pollution via air and water. Here we analyse livestock and human population data across 2,300 Chinese counties to project the impact of alternative livestock distributions on nitrogen emissions. In 2012 almost half of China's livestock production occurred in peri-urban regions, exposing 60% of the Chinese population to ammonia emissions exceeding UN guidelines. Relocating 5 billion animals by 2050 according to crop-livestock integration criteria could reduce nitrogen emissions by two-thirds and halve the number of people exposed to high ammonia emissions. Relocating 10 billion animals away from southern and eastern China could reduce ammonia exposure for 90% of China's population. Spatial planning can therefore serve as a powerful policy instrument to tackle nitrogen pollution and exposure of humans to ammonia.

Cooperation between specialized livestock and crop farms can reduce environmental footprints and increase net profits in livestock production

The rapid specialization of livestock production in China has contributed to spatially decoupled crop and livestock production, leading to various environmental pollution issues. Some regional agro-environmental policies have recently promoted the coupling of specialized crop and livestock farms through cooperation. However, the environmental and economic performances of such cooperation remain unclear. This study investigated multiple environmental footprints of two contrasting production systems: cooperative crop-livestock systems (CCLS) and decoupled specialized livestock systems (DSLS), using survey data of 87 ruminant farms in Northwest China. Results show that farms in CCLS had lower net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (12–29%), lower reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions (21–40%), lower phosphorus footprints (PF) (41–54%), and used less cropland (24–31%) per kg animal product, compared to those in DSLS. The large differences in GHG emissions between the two systems were mainly related to enteric fermentation and resource production (used for feed production). The differences in Nr emissions and PF were mainly related to manure management. Net profits per kg animal product were higher in CCLS (13–35%) than in DSLS, and most profits originated from lower purchasing costs of feed and young livestock. Net profits and environmental footprints were negatively correlated, suggesting an environmental and economic win-win situation for CCLS. The possible obstacles to recoupling specialized crop and livestock farms through cooperation have been discussed, including farm size, contract stability, and local policies. Our study provides science-based evidence to support policymakers and specialized farms to close nutrient loops between crop and livestock production sectors through regional cooperation.

A New Green Model for the Bioremediation and Resource Utilization of Livestock Wastewater.

The rapid growth of the livestock and poultry industries has resulted in the production of a large amount of wastewater, and the treatment of this wastewater requires sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches such as phytoremediation. A substrate-free floating wetland planted with water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), a common vegetable in Southeast China, was constructed to purify a lagoon with anaerobically and aerobically treated swine wastewater in Suqian, China. The average removal rates of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand were 79.96%, 95.04%, 86.14%, and 59.91%, respectively, after 40 days of treatment. A total of 98.18 g∙m−2 nitrogen and 19.84 g∙m−2 phosphorus were absorbed into plants per harvest through the rapid growth of water dropwort biomass, and the nitrogen accumulation ability was similar to that observed of other plants, such as water hyacinth. In addition, the edible part of water dropwort was shown to comply with the Chinese National Food Sanitation Standards and be safe for human consumption. Its low soluble sugar content also makes it a suitable addition to the daily diet. Overall, substrate-free floating constructed wetlands planted with water dropwort could be more widely used for livestock wastewater purification and could be integrated with plant–livestock production in China because of its high removal efficiency and recycling utilization of water dropwort biomass.

Toward Livestock Supply Chain Sustainability: A Case Study on Supply Chain Coordination and Sustainable Development in the Pig Sector in China.

Stricter environmental regulations on livestock production pollution have changed the sustainable practices of livestock supply chain stakeholders. By adopting three cases in China’s livestock supply chain, this study explores how supply chain coordination facilitates sustainable development of livestock production in China. It is found that close supply chain coordination and the capabilities of the core companies jointly contribute to supply chain sustainability. Thus, this research has theoretical significance in explaining the roles of supply chain coordination and core company capabilities in driving supply chain sustainability, which is not completely understood thus far. This study also has practical implications for livestock supply chain stakeholders and the government in terms of improving supply chain sustainability via closer supply chain coordination and enhancing the capabilities of the core companies involved.

Livestock Stakeholder Willingness to Embrace Preslaughter Stunning in Key Asian Countries.

Simple SummaryPreslaughter stunning is a technical process by which animals are rendered unconscious prior to slaughter, as to avoid the pain and fear of being slaughtered. While it is a legislative requirement in some countries, it is not yet regularly practised in many countries. To better understand why this might be the case, this study conducted focus group sessions with leaders from the livestock industries in China, Vietnam, India, Thailand, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Leaders were asked to rate the willingness of livestock stakeholders to adopt preslaughter stunning, in addition to their suggested solutions for increasing the level of willingness, and their thoughts as to why they were or were not willing to adopt stunning. This data was analysed and presented within this manuscript. The findings were specific to each country, with similar themes shared across some of the countries. The findings of this study may aid in the development of programs that aim to increase the adoption of preslaughter stunning practices, with the purpose of improving animal welfare during slaughter.Preslaughter stunning; the induction of unconsciousness and insensibility of animals prior to slaughter, is an important process for the welfare of livestock. The application of stunning is required by legislation in some countries, and rarely practised in others. In order to effectively advocate the implementation of stunning in the regions that do not include the practice as standard, it is first important to understand attitudes towards stunning, barriers to implementing stunning, and stakeholder willingness to embrace the practice. To this purpose, 17 focus group sessions were held with leaders in livestock production in China, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, India and Bangladesh. Leaders were asked to rate their perceived willingness of livestock stakeholders to embrace stunning, and their rationales were discussed. In addition to this, the leaders were asked to present ideas to improve the willingness of stakeholders to embrace stunning. The data were qualitatively analysed used thematic analysis, quantified, and presented within this manuscript. Importantly, different attitudes and solutions existed by country, mostly in line with the predominating religion within the country, and the stage of economic development. Concerns around nonstatic and constantly evolving animal welfare benchmarks were also presented as important factors impacting the adoption of stunning, and the technical methods used. The findings of this study may aid in the development of programs that aim to increase the adoption of preslaughter stunning practices, to the purpose of improving animal welfare during slaughter.

Impacts of the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy on Household Livestock Production in China: An Empirical Study in Inner Mongolia

Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) is a large-scale program in which China has invested since 2011 to alleviate grassland degradation and increase herders' income. Although the amount invested in the program has increased each year, little research has been conducted to evaluate the impacts of the program; as such, this study examines such impacts on livestock production, grazing intensity, and structure using panel data from a herders' field survey conducted in 2015 in Inner Mongolia, China. Results from the econometric models show that the forage-livestock balance, which is one sub-policy of the GECP, had incentivized large farms to reduce their total number of sheep, but the implementation of the GECP could not greatly influence the reduction in the number of cattle present on any farm size. This study also reveals that herders made their livestock production and grazing decisions in response to market prices and that herder households that also had off-farm jobs raised fewer livestock and grazed lighter. Several policy implications are discussed in this paper.

Analysis on driving factors of improvement of quality and efficiency and transformation development of grasslands and animal husbandry industry

During the past several decades, the traditional agriculture structure has been unsustainable since decrease in grain consumption and increase in animal food consumption, resulting in a large number of grain to be used as forage. Grasslands and animal husbandry will gradually become the agricultural mainstream and lead the agriculture to get out of dilemma. Therefore, the cropping structure should be adjusted timely because the lower productivity of grassland for animal husbandry that is far not satisfied for human needs. Understanding how to solve the problems of “three rural” and “three animal husbandry” is of high importance for facing the growing demands for food structure and the desire for ecological civilization. Although grasslands and animal husbandry has developed vibrantly and achieved some achievements, forage grass and livestock production are considerably low and the industrial capacity is insufficient, and facing enormous challenges. Certainly, the development potential of grass and animal husbandry is also huge due to fast growing market demand in China. Our analysis showed that developing “animal-husbandry development” model by relying on scientific and technological innovation, talent construction, social needs and national policy support, which grasslands and animal husbandry industry will rapidly transform and develop, is an effective way to promote the forage grass and livestock production in China. We also discussed the driven factors about improvement of quality and efficiency and transformation development of grasslands and animal husbandry industry, and proposed seven principles for the development of “animal-husbandry development” in China, including construction of high quality forage production system, breeding and promotion of improved varieties, ecological protection of natural grassland, exploring different regional development modes and optimizing the industrial development environment. Grass animal husbandry development has reached breaking point, must optimize the structure of the industrial for the combination of economic, ecological and social benefits the coordinated development of the green road. At the same time, modern industrial development modes should be introduced to reform the traditional prataculture and agricultural and achieve a sustainable developing stage. Moreover, the society has provided a good opportunity for the transformation and upgrading of grassland and animal husbandry by the construction of ecological engineering and the protection of national food security. These will help us to realize the improvement of efficiency and quality, increase industrial benefits and the industrialization level, finally explore a sustainable development way with effective output, safe production, resource conservation and environment-friendly.

Indices of forage nutritional yield and water use efficiency amongst spring-sown annual forage crops in north-west China

Abstract Livestock production in China is increasing to meet demands for animal products, but is limited by feed resources. To explore additional forage options in north-west China, the biomass production and nutritive value of nine spring-sown annual crops (maize (Zea mays), sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense), small millet (Setaria italica), millet (Panicum milliaceum), soybean (Glycine max), common vetch (Vicia sativa), pea (Pisum sativum), oat (Avena sativa) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)) were compared under rainfed conditions over two years. Water use efficiencies for biomass (WUEDM) and nutritional yield indices, CP yield (WUECP) and relative feed value yield (WUERFV), were calculated. Maize produced the highest biomass yields of >10 t DM ha−1 and had the highest WUEDM. Biomass production was next highest in the other warm-season grasses such as sudan grass and millet species (6–9 t DM ha−1) and soybean (3–7 t DM ha−1), while spring wheat produced the most early biomass in spring (P

Toward better environmental performance in hog production in China: Is intensification the answer?

Chinese hog production has undergone a significant structural change, shifting from small-scale to intensive systems. Few studies have quantitatively analyzed the relationship between intensification and pollutant nutrient emissions in Chinese hog production. In this study, we first propose an analytical framework from which we determine the effect of intensification on pollutant nutrient emissions, and deduce the theoretical hypothesis. Then, based on a microeconomic survey data set of 754 hog farms from five provinces in China, we provide a careful empirical analysis to verify the proposed hypothesis using ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental-variable two-stage least squares (IV-2SLS) regression models. The empirical results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between intensification and pollutant nutrient emissions, and that medium-scale hog farms perform the worst from an environmental point of view. The degree of integration of crop and hog production, environmental regulation, and financial capacity are the main mechanisms responsible for the inverted U-shaped curve. We suggest that enhancing environmental performance in the intensification of hog production requires having fewer farms with a higher production density, because this will cause less environmental damage than having a higher number of farms with a lower production density. Our conclusions provide an important scientific basis for the sustainable intensification of livestock production in China, as well as in other countries confronting a similar situation.

Projections of NH3 emissions from manure generated by livestock production in China to 2030 under six mitigation scenarios

China's rapid urbanization, large population, and increasing consumption of calorie-and meat-intensive diets, have resulted in China becoming the world's largest source of ammonia (NH3) emissions from livestock production. This is the first study to use provincial, condition-specific emission factors based on most recently available studies on Chinese manure management and environmental conditions. The estimated NH3 emission temporal trends and spatial patterns are interpreted in relation to government policies affecting livestock production. Scenario analysis is used to project emissions and estimate mitigation potential of NH3 emissions, to year 2030. We produce a 1km×1km gridded NH3 emission inventory for 2008 based on county-level activity data, which can help identify locations of highest NH3 emissions. The total NH3 emissions from manure generated by livestock production in 2008 were 7.3TgNH3·yr−1 (interquartile range from 6.1 to 8.6TgNH3·yr−1), and the major sources were poultry (29.9%), pigs (28.4%), other cattle (27.9%), and dairy cattle (7.0%), while sheep and goats (3.6%), donkeys (1.3%), horses (1.2%), and mules (0.7%) had smaller contributions. From 1978 to 2008, annual NH3 emissions fluctuated with two peaks (1996 and 2006), and total emissions increased from 2.2 to 7.3Tg·yr−1 increasing on average 4.4%·yr−1. Under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, NH3 emissions in 2030 are expected to be 13.9TgNH3·yr−1 (11.5–16.3TgNH3·yr−1). Under mitigation scenarios, the projected emissions could be reduced by 18.9–37.3% compared to 2030 BAU emissions. This study improves our understanding of NH3 emissions from livestock production, which is needed to guide stakeholders and policymakers to make well informed mitigation decisions for NH3 emissions from livestock production at the country and regional levels.

Influence of Different Mowing Systems on Community Characteristics and the Compensatory Growth of Important Species of the Stipa grandis Steppe in Inner Mongolia

The Stipa grandis steppe is a type of steppe in the Central Asian sub-region, and it is an important resource for livestock production in China. Mowing is one of the main management methods for this steppe. Verifying the response of the Stipa grandis steppe communities to different mowing frequencies is essential for the rational utilization of pastures and the protection and recovery of natural steppe. In this study, we investigated the community characteristics and compensatory growth of important species of the Stipa grandis steppe community under four mowing frequencies (TAY: twice a year; OAY: once a year; OTY: once every other year; NM: no mowing/enclosure), and found that different frequencies of mowing significantly influenced the community characteristics and the compensatory growth of dominant plant species. In the enclosure, species density was significantly lower, and height and biomass were significantly greater than in the mowing treatments. At the beginning of the growing season, mowing had a significant impact on the individual miniaturization of Stipa grandis, Leymus chinensis, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Mowing also had a significant impact on the diversity of the community. The Shannon diversity index, the Pielou evenness index, and the richness index were higher under OTY than other mowing frequencies. Under different mowing frequencies, growth rates were significantly different after the aboveground portions were cut, while the levels of biomass were not significantly different. Stipa grandis, Leymus chinensis, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides had less compensatory height growth under OAY compared to the other treatments; however, there were no significant differences in the relative growth rates of the three species under different treatments. Stipa grandis exhibited equivalent compensatory height growth; both Leymus chinensis and Anemarrhena asphodeloides exhibited over-compensatory growth. Based on the results of community characteristics and the compensatory growth of the dominant species, mowing every other year is currently the most practical mowing system.

The Design of Policy Instruments towards Sustainable Livestock Production in China: An Application of the Choice Experiment Method

In face of gradual ecological deterioration, the Chinese government has been in search of more efficient and effective mitigation policies, aiming to promote the sustainability of livestock production. However, researchers and policy makers seem to neglect a key issue: pinpoint policies are the most important, which means niche targeting is the premise before any policy design, such that better knowing of the livestock farmers preference is prerequisite. This paper then analyzes this question using a method of choice experiment to elicit the farmers’ preference and valuation of livestock pollution control policy instruments at household-scale, medium-scale and large-scale farms. Five attributes (technology regulation, pollution charge, biogas subsidy, manure price, and information provisioning) were set as livestock pollution control policy instruments. In total, 754 pigs farmers from five representative provinces in China were surveyed, and the collected data were analyzed using random parameter logit models. The marginal substitution rates for attributes are estimated both with preference space approach and willingness to pay space approach. The results show significant heterogeneities in farmers’ preferences and valuations for livestock pollution control policy instruments within the three scales. All policy instruments effectively increased the manure eco-friendly treatment ratio for medium-scale farms, and household-scale farms showed little change in the manure eco-friendly treatment ratio under all policy instruments. Household-scale farms and medium-scale farms suggested the highest preference for the biogas subsidy policy, while large-scale farms suggested the highest preference for the manure price policy.

Integrated analysis on economic and environmental consequences of livestock husbandry on different scale in China

Livestock husbandry in China is rapidly changing in structure from traditional backyard rearing toward large-scale and intensive production. In this study, a joint use of life cycle assessment, emergy evaluation and economic analysis provides different but complementary standpoints for comparison of four typical pig production models. The results show that the income/cost ratio, labor productivity and daily weight gain for specialized pig farms (SF), thousand pig farms (TF) and hundred thousand pig farms (HTF) are increased by 23.0–36.5%, by 338.7–946.7% and by 2.0–9.8%, respectively, compared to the backyard pig farm (BF). However, the area-based and yield-based potential environmental impacts for the SF, TF and HTF increase by 975.0–9121.9% and by 19.5–43.5%, respectively, compared to the BF. Meanwhile, the emergy-based sustainability of the SF, TF and HTF is 56.5–88.7% lower than that of the BF, whereas the use efficiency of non-renewable resources of the SF increased 17.6–50.4% compared to the BF, TF and HTF. Generally, the larger production scale causes better economic benefits and worse environmental consequences. Nevertheless, to some extent, expanding the scale of livestock production is necessary for the current development of the livestock sector in China. However, the scale must be moderated to avoid serious environmental impacts. In this study, the specialized farm is suggested to be a good choice for livestock production in China. Moreover, policymakers should promote moderate-scale farms to adopt advanced and integrated production practices for livestock husbandry. This will effectively improve the economic and environmental performance of livestock production in China.

Deodorization of pig manure using lignin peroxidase with different electron acceptors

ABSTRACTOdor pollution is a big environmental problem caused by large-scale livestock production in China, and developing a practical way to reduce these odors is pressing. In this study, a combination of 0.2–1.0 U/mL lignin peroxidase (LiP) and one of three peroxides (H2O2, CaO2, 2Na3CO3·3H2O2) was examined for its efficiency in reducing the release of eight chemicals (propionic acid, isobutyric acid, isocaproic acid, isovaleric acid, phenol, p-cresol, indole, and skatole), NH3, H2S, and odor intensity from pig manure. The results showed an approximately 90% reduction in p-cresol, 40–60% reduction in odor intensity, 16.5–40% reduction in indolic compounds, and 25–40% reduction in volatile fatty acids. Being the electron acceptors of LiP, 2Na3CO3·3H2O2 and CaO2 performed better than H2O2 in reducing the concentration of eight chemicals, NH3, H2S, and odor intensity from pig manure. The effect of deodorization can last for up to 72 hr.Implications: In China, one of the major environmental problems caused by confined feeding is odor pollution, which brings a major threat to the sustainability, profitability, and growth of the livestock industry. To couple the LiP with the electron acceptors, a low–cost, simple, and feasible method for odor removal was established in this study. Based on the study results, a practical treatment method was provided for odor pollution and supply the farm operators a more flexible time to dispose treated manure.