Livestock Center Research Articles

Detection of Brucella S19 Vaccine Strain DNA in Domestic and Wild Ungulates from Brazilian Pantanal.

The Pantanal region, the largest floodplain in the world, has a huge biodiversity and is an important livestock center. Bovine brucellosis has been reported in the region over the last three decades, posing implications for cattle industry as well as for the maintenance of biodiversity. We aimed to investigate the presence of B. abortus S19 vaccine strain DNA in unvaccinated domestic and wild ungulates from the Brazilian Pantanal. Fifty-two heifers, 63 ovine, 24 domestic pigs, 28 feral pigs, and three Pampas deer were sampled. Brucella spp. was detected through bcsp31 PCR of blood samples in 45.3% (77/170) of the sampled animals, of which 36.4% (28/77) showed positivity in ery PCR corresponding to B. abortus S19 strain. Feral pigs presented the highest occurrence of positive samples in bcsp31 PCR (75%), followed by ovine (47.6%), domestic pigs (41.7%), and unvaccinated heifers (30.8%). We did not observe positivity in Pampas deer. Our results strongly suggest that vaccination against bovine brucellosis may promote spill-over of B. abortus S19 strain in the Pantanal region. Moreover, our data indicate that wild strains of Brucella circulates in the Pantanal Biome.

GERAKAN SOSIAL PEMBERDAYAAN SENTRA TERNAK DOMPET DHUAFA WASPADA DI DESA BULU CINA KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

This study seeks to describe the Social Movements carried out by Dompet Dhuafa Waspada with its Livestock Center program in Bulu Cina Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The social movement carried out by Dompet Dhuafa Waspada then resulted in an empowerment aimed at the underprivileged community. In this study, the point of view used by researchers is based on the theory of Social Movements initiated by Charles Tilly. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method by observing, documenting and direct interviews to data sources. It can be identified that the social movement carried out by Dompet Dhuafa Waspada is a collective social movement. As Tilly said, that there is a necessity for change to occur which encourages collective action to create a movement.

Marketing Analysis of Dompet Dhuafa Livestock Center Sheep in Deli Serdang District

The demand for sheep increases every year due to the community's need for sheep for daily consumption as well as for the celebration of Muslim religious holidays.This study aims to determine the form of marketing channels, marketing margins, marketing agency profits, farmer's share, and marketing efficiency of Dompet Dhuafa Livestock Center sheep in Deli Serdang Regency.The research method used was observation through direct interviews with respondents assisted by filling out questionnaires. Sampling was conducted using snowball sampling technique. The research sample was all marketing institutions involved in the marketing of Dompet Dhuafa Livestock Center sheep in Deli Serdang Regency. The results showed that the smallest sheep marketing margin was in channel 1 at Rp. 7000/head and the largest in channel 3 at Rp. 156,450/head. Farmer's share received by Dompet Dhuafa Livestock Center in Deli Serdang Regency was highest in channel 1 at 99.60% (rams) and lowest in marketing channel 3 at 87.84% (ewes). The most efficient sheep marketing channel is in channel 1 with a value of 0.39% (rams) and channel 3 is an inefficient channel with a value of 1.75% (ewes). Marketing channel 1 is considered the most efficient at 0.39% (rams) and 0.61% (ewes) and has the lowest margin value of Rp. 7,000/head of livestock and has the highest farmer's share value of 99.60% (rams) and 99.38% (ewes) which means marketing channel 1 has the best level of efficiency with the lowest margin value and the highest farmer's share value. In conlusion that marketing is more efficient when Dompet Dhuafa directly sell sheep to consumers and sales value of rams is higher than ewes

Production of local resource-based soil improvement materials as a community empowerment model in Sindangkasih Village, South Konawe

Most of the residents in Sindangkasih Village earn their livelihoods through farming. The survey results indicate a decrease in the level of agricultural productivity in this village due to a lack of knowledge in agricultural management, leading to a continuous decline in soil fertility. Conversely, the village serves as a livestock center, producing cow dung waste, and houses a grain milling industry that generates rice husk waste, both of which have not been optimally utilized. The goal of this community service is to provide training and assistance to enhance the knowledge of farmer groups in producing soil improvement materials based on local resources. The methods employed in the service activities include counseling, demonstrations on creating soil improvement materials, and group discussions with the participation of 30 individuals. The results of the activity demonstrate an increase in the knowledge and skills of the Sindangkasih Village community in producing soil improvement materials, particularly organic fertilizer, to support agricultural production.

Pemberdayaan Mustahik Melalui Program Balai Ternak Baznas di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya Provinsi Aceh

The livestock center program is a form of community service, especially for mustahik in Pidie Jaya District, Aceh Province. Distribution of zakat funds to the productive BAZNAS livestock program with the target of turning mustahik into muzaki. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, the results show that the main empowerment activities of the BAZNAS livestock center program include empowering mustahik breeders through utilizing productive assets in the form of livestock and livestock production facilities, initiating and developing institutional business for breeders, building livestock production centers, and building product marketing networks. livestock and their derivatives.
 Keywords: Productive Zakat, Mustahik Empowerment, livestock hall

Processing of Etawa Goat Milk into High Calcium Powder in Lerek Gombengsari Banyuwangi Educational Tourism Village

Gombengsari has been known as a livestock center for dozens of years. They use their milk to be milked and sold. However, for now, the people around Lerek Gombengsari Tourism Village (Lego) are more focused on coffee, while many consumers of goat's milk are starting to need it. Milk that is marketed is still in the form of liquid milk which basically spoils quickly when the temperature is unstable which makes the bacteria in the milk develop faster. Based on the problems described above, the innovation of processing Etawa goat milk into powder is the solution we offer. Besides milk being able to last longer than liquid milk, it is also to facilitate delivery to consumers both within the city and outside the city. The aim is to increase the productivity of Etawa goat milk by implementing liquid milk processing into powder and promoting to the general public that Gombengsari Village can produce powdered Etawa goat milk products. With this, it is hoped that the Etawa goat milk powder typical of the Lerek Gombengsari Tourism Village can develop and be known by all local and international communities.

Development of Beef Cattle Agribusiness in the Rubber Plantation Farming System in the Community Livestock Center Area, West Java Indonesia

The development of beef cattle in quantity has had a very real impact on increasing people’s income in improving their welfare. The development of animal husbandry, especially in beef cattle, has been carried out for generations and shows quite good development, including in the k groups. The purpose of this study is to identify a canvas business model consisting of nine elements and map out how strategies are used for the improvement and development of beef cattle agribusiness in the rubber plantation farming system. The methods used were qualitative and quantitative with sequential exploratory design. Data collection was carried out with in-depth interviews and observations to farmers and institutions in 15 livestock groups around RNI’s rubber plantation plantations. The results obtained where the business model was good when viewed from nine elements according to the concept of business model canvas. This study found that the strength of the livestock group was in the high category. Very high opportunities in the customer segment and high threats in value propositions. Therefore, livestock groups are advised to carry out business development in a way; adding to the customer segment, namely restaurants, DKM mosques and large companies, increasing the value proposition by opening meat stalls and opening meat processing businesses, creating websites, conducting consignments with several sales points and collaborating with universities and looking for freelance web developers.

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic helminthiasis of humans and animals, caused by Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms. Treatment of echinococcosis is often expensive and complex and may require extensive surgery or long-term drug therapy. In addition, echinococcosis causes serious damage to livestock every year. At any given time in the world, more than 1 million people are affected by echinococcosis. Kazakhstan is among the countries unfavorable for echinococcosis. The purpose of this study is to establish the infection of sheep with cystic echinococcosis in the most endemic regions in the south and west of the country. In addition, to analyze statistical data on the incidence of human larvaceous echinococcosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2021. to assess the current situation on echinococcosis in the country. The situation with echinococcosis currently remains difficult. Echinococcosis is found in all regions of the republic, but the most endemic region is the south of Kazakhstan, which is a large livestock center. The highest rates of infection in sheep were found in the West Kazakhstan region and Almaty region - 16.7% and 12.52%. In terms of the incidence of people in the republic for a year and a half, 557 cases of larval echinococcosis have been identified. The highest rates are observed in Turkestan, Zhambyl, Almaty regions and in Shymkent. Echinococcosis is least common in Pavlodar, Kostanay regions and in the city of Nur-Sultan. The existing system of registration of patients with echinococcosis and statistical data do not fully reflect the real number of people infected with echinococcosis, since only surgical cases are taken into account. Monitoring of natural foci of echinococcosis is necessary, especially in the south, for coordinated disease control measures.

Perencanaan Lanskap Agroedutourism di UPT. Sentra Ternak Sobangan, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung

Agroedutourism Landscape Planning at Sobangan Livestock Center Technical Implementation Unit, Mengwi, Badung. Bali is one of the islands in Indonesia which has natural potential that can be developed as an attraction for tourism. One of them is agroedutourism. Sobangan Livestock Center Technical Implementation Unit is the center of Balinese cattle breeding and education which is managed by the Department of Agriculture and Food of Badung Regency, which has potential land as a tourist attraction. The purpose of this research is to plan a landscape that can support the breeding process of Balinese cattle, education, and can be used as an agroedutourism.This study used a survey method with data collection techniques through observation and literature study . Literature study is applied to obtain the formulation of the concept of agroedutourism. Meanwhile the field survey was applied to determine constraints and potentials to support Landscape planning Sobangan Livestock Center. The results of this research are in the formsite plan of a farm environmental arrangementthat can support the activities of breeding, education and facilities agroedutourism by considering the comfort for livestock and for users on the site.

Detection Of Antibiotic Residues in Eggs of Layer Chickens and Knowledge of Animal Officers About Antibiotics

The chicken farming industry in Indonesia cannot be separated from the use of antibiotics as a curative effort in controlling the disease. Its use is either via injection, soaking, or as a feed additive (growth promoter) mixed in feed. Inappropriate use of antibiotics causes allergic reactions or resistance and the possibility of causing poisoning, residues in livestock tissues or organs that are harmful to human health when consuming them. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic residues in eggs and the level of knowledge of livestock workers on the use of antibiotics in livestock. The detection of antibiotic residues was conducted using the agar plate diffusion method by Kirby Bauer with the disk diffusion technique using Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. As indicator bacteria. The results were analysed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The samples were 76 eggs taken from the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Non-Ruminant Livestock Center of the Aceh Livestock Service in Blang Bintang and Saree Aceh Besar. Chloramphenicol antibiotic was used as a test medium and as control by calculating the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on MHA media. furthermore, a cross-sectional study design was used and questionnaires were distributed to 14 livestock officers to understand the knowledge of officers on the use of antibiotics in livestock by using google form. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test through the SPSS 22.0 program. The results showed that the eggs and feed samples were negative from antibiotic residue. There was no relationship between feeding and antibiotic residues in eggs and laying hens feed. However, only 35.7% of officers had good knowledge about proper antibiotic usage. This means continuing awareness to the officers regarding the use of antibiotics either for treatment of diseases or as feed promoter are essential.

61 Sheep Grazier's Workshops Improve Producer Understanding of Important Production Practices

Abstract Three workshops were held to increase producer awareness of new production practices and opportunities for sheep production. These events were coordinated by Amazing Grazing with the assistance of county livestock agents. All workshops included classroom and breakout sessions featuring hands-on activities. In September 2016, the first sheep-focused workshop was held at the E. Carroll Joyner Beef Education Unit in Raleigh. Topics included opportunities for sheep production, ram selection, marketing, using temporary electric fence, grazing management to improve soil health, grazing sheep in solar farms and health management. The 2017 event was held in May at the Western NC Regional Livestock Center near Canton. Producers learned about opportunities for sheep production, improved grazing management, sheep marketing and fencing options. The Piedmont Research Station near Salisbury served as the location for the 2018 workshop. The agenda featured hoof health management and pre-breeding nutrition management, improving forage systems, breeding stock selection, pasture improvement cost-share programs and hoof trimming. Total registration was 132 with 83 evaluations completed. Participants were 60% male and 40% female with 57% being over age 50. Total pasture hectares grazed by participants was 886 with 97 ha as hay. Livestock inventories totaled 2,183 sheep, 733 goats, 720 beef cattle and 99 horses. A few participants had no livestock but were gathering information for future ventures. Post-workshop evaluation indicated 100% of attendees increased understanding of each major agenda topic. On a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = not satisfied to 4 = very satisfied), participants indicated they were very satisfied with the instructors’ knowledge (3.80±0.45), workshop environment/format (3.68±0.58), and overall quality (3.78±0.44). Ninety-seven percent of the attendees indicated that this workshop met their expectations, and one hundred percent would recommend it to others. Producer responses indicate a growing interest in sheep/goat production and a need for practical education programs.

Detection of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Fecal Samples From Domestics and Livestock Employees

Background: Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are two zoonotic pathogens that commonly colonize the digestive tract of animal sources, including poultry, dogs, cats, and other various domestic farm animals. Colonization can lead to acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans after close contact with animals or through the consumption of contaminated food or water. Objective: The present study aimed to detect and identify these bacteria in the fecal samples of domestic and livestock employees. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 samples were collected, including 48 sheep faces and 48 livestock workers’ stool samples. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the presence of Campylobacter species was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction due to the detection of specific marker genes. Results: Based on the PCR on hippuricase gene (hipO) and aspartokinase gene (asp), C. jejuni was found in 7 (7.3%) and C. coli in 4 (4.2%) of 96 isolates. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of PCR amolicons showed the genetic similarity of isolates from a common livestock center. Conclusion: Direct animal-to-human contamination seems unlikely. However, the contamination of farm water sources and sheep products with Campylobacter species can be a potential risk to human health.

First Report of Leaf Blight on Parthenium hysterophorus Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica in Malaysia.

Weeds may act as inoculum reservoirs for fungal pathogens that could affect other economically important crops (Karimi et al. 2019). In February 2019, leaves of the ubiquitous invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (parthenium weed) exhibiting symptom of blight were observed at Ladang Infoternak Sg. Siput (U), a state-owned livestock center in Perak, Malaysia. Symptoms appeared as irregularly shaped, brown-to-black necrotic lesions across the entire leaf visible from both surfaces, and frequently on the older leaves. The disease incidence was approximately 30% of 1,000 plants. Twenty symptomatic parthenium weed leaves were collected from several infested livestock feeding plots for pathogen isolation. The infected tissues were sectioned and surface-sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, transferred onto potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 25°C under continuous dark for 7 days. Microscopic observation revealed fungal colonies with similar characteristics. Mycelium was initially white and gradually changed to pale orange on the back of the plate but later turned black as sporulation began. Conidia were spherical or sub-spherical, single-celled, smooth-walled, 12 to 21 μm diameter (mean = 15.56 ± 0.42 μm, n= 30) and were borne on a hyaline vesicle. Based on morphological features, the fungus was preliminarily identified as Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc) E. W. Mason (Wang et al. 2017). To confirm identity, molecular identification was conducted using isolate 1SS which was selected as a representative isolate from the 20 isolates obtained. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia using a SDS-based extraction method (Xia et al. 2019). Amplification of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was conducted with universal primer ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990; Úrbez-Torres et al. 2008). The amplicon served as a template for Sanger sequencing conducted at a commercial service provider (Apical Scientific, Malaysia). The generated sequence trace data was analyzed with BioEdit v7.2. From BLASTn analysis, the ITS sequence (GenBank accession number. MN339998) had at least 99% nucleotide identity to that of N. sphaerica (GenBank accession number. MK108917). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying the leaf surfaces of 12 healthy parthenium weed plants (2-months-old) with a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) collected from a 7 day-old culture. Another 12 plants served as a control treatment and received only sterile distilled water. Inoculation was done 2 h before sunset and the inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags for 24 h to promote conidial germination. All plants were maintained in a glasshouse (24 to 35°C) for the development of the disease. After 7 days, typical leaf blight symptoms developed on the inoculated plants consistent with the symptoms observed in the field. The pathogen was re-isolated from the diseased leaves and morphological identification revealed the same characteristics as the original isolate with 100% re-isolation frequency, thus, fulfilling Koch's postulates. All leaves of the control plants remained symptomless and the experiment was repeated twice. In Malaysia, the incidence of N. sphaerica as a plant pathogen has been recorded on several important crops such as watermelon and dragon fruit (Kee et al. 2019; Ismail and Abd Razak 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on P. hysterophorus caused by N. sphaerica from this country. This report justifies the significant potential of P. hysterophorus as an alternative weed host for the distribution of N. sphaerica. Acknowledgement This research was funded by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM/GP-IPB/2017/9523402). References Ismail, S. I., and Abd Razak, N. F. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:488. Karimi, K., et al. 2019. Front Microbiol. 10:19. Kee, Y. J., et al. 2019. Crop Prot. 122:165. Úrbez-Torres, J. R., et al. 2008. Plant Dis. 92:519. Wang, M., et al. 2017. Persoonia 39:118. White, T. J. et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Xia, Y., et al. 2019. Biosci Rep. 39:BSR20182271.

BALANSLAŞDIRILMIŞ YEMLƏNDİRMƏNİN HEYVANLARIN AZƏRBAYCAN TÖRƏMƏ QABİLİYYƏTİNƏ TƏSİRİ

Positive results have been obtained in the implementation of our research at the Livestock and Equestrian Training Center of ADAU on the basis of the recipes we have envisaged, along with the strong feed component, the feed norm and the share of feed in the required norm. The introduction of fully balanced feedings based on recipes has affected the milk yield of animals, as well as the fertility of cows, in addition to strengthening the dynamics of growth and development of young. One of the most widely used premixes on our farm is Ruminant-5322 Ekomix BKB, which has a high efficiency with the following saturation. A premix is a complementary feed mixture that is necessary for its composition and body and is essential to create a fully balanced feed portion. Depending on the abundance of feed available on the farm, it is possible to maintain a complete diet depending on the physiological state of the animals. On the basis of this nutrition, the dynamics of the growth of young animals, the normal development of the child in the womb during the drying period and the formation of the mother's reproductive cycle on demand are determined. Fertility activation is associated not only with the formation of 65 to 80 days in cows, but also with the stabilization of the follicles and the achievement of a form of superovulation. In our research, we found this not only in healthy cows, but also in cows that had difficult labor. Of the 18 cows on the farm, three gave birth to twins, which means that 16.7% of the cows gave birth to twins. Key words: Balanced feed, genotype, male, offspring, growth, variability, productivity

Evaluation of the on-farm dairy technologies in Ethiopia: A review

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the major achievements of on-farm dairy technologies in Ethiopia by reviewing a variety of documents from proceedings, articles, journals, and original research papers. Following the on-station generation and evaluation of dairy technologies, on-farm participatory verification of improved dairy cattle production packages has started. Since then, there are available livestock production technologies for smallholder farmers mainly generated by the National Agricultural Research Systems including Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Agricultural Research Institutes, Higher Learning Institutes, and some international organizations, such as International Livestock Center for Africa/International Livestock Research Institute. Even though large efforts have been made to disseminate dairy technologies through the support of governmental and non-governmental organizations in different parts of the country, the rate of adoption of dairy technologies by farm households varies widely based on the technologies to be adopted. Key words: Dairy, on-farm, technologies, milk yield, reproductive performance, feed intake, mastitis

Energy Balance Indicators during the Transition Period and Early Lactation of Purebred Holstein and Simmental Cows and Their Crosses.

Simple SummaryDairy cows undergo a very challenging time between the weeks immediately before calving and the start of lactation after calving. In particular, high yielding dairy cows, such as purebred Holstein cows, have to cope with a severe negative energy balance. In comparison to the feed (energy) intake, they produce a great surplus of milk energy. The energy deficit is supposed to be smaller in dual-purpose breeds, such as (German) Simmental. Therefore, crossbreeding of both breeds, with the aim of using the advantageous characteristics of both breeds, and the expected advantage of crossbred cows, might reduce the negative effects of the metabolic and physiologic challenges by improving the production efficiency of dairy herds. After calving, Simmental cows and cows with greater Simmental proportions decreased less in the body condition score, had lower concentrations of ketone bodies, and nonesterified fatty acids in the blood, which are common indicators of metabolic disorders during the transition period. In particular, first generation (F1) crossbred cows produced more energy corrected milk (ECM) than purebred Holstein cows, while the other crossbred generations still showed positive heterosis effects for ECM. That means, they produced more ECM than the average of both parental breeds.Crossbreeding in dairy cattle has been used to improve functional traits, milk composition, and efficiency of Holstein herds. The objective of the study was to compare indicators of the metabolic energy balance, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, body condition score (BCS) back fat thickness (BFT), as well as milk yield and milk composition of Holstein and Simmental cows, and their crosses from the prepartum period until the 100th day of lactation at the Livestock Center of the Ludwig Maximilians University (Munich, Germany). In total, 164 cows formed five genetic groups according to their theoretic proportion of Holstein and Simmental genes as follows: Holstein (100% Holstein; n = 9), R1-Hol (51–99% Holstein; n = 30), first generation (F1) crossbreds (50% Holstein, 50% Simmental; n = 17), R1-Sim (1–49% Holstein; n = 81) and Simmental (100% Simmental; n = 27). The study took place between April 2018 and August 2019. BCS, BFT blood parameters, such as BHBA, glucose, and NEFA were recorded weekly. A mixed model analysis with fixed effects breed, week (relative to calving), the interaction of breed and week, parity, calving year, calving season, milking season, and the repeated measure effect of cow was used. BCS increased with the Simmental proportion. All genetic groups lost BCS and BFT after calving. Simmental cows showed lower NEFA values. BHBA and glucose did not differ among genetic groups, but they differed depending on the week relative to calving. Simmental and R1-Sim cows showed a smaller effect than the other genetic groups regarding changes in body weight, BCS, or back fat thickness after a period of a negative energy balance after calving. There was no significant difference for milk yield among genetic groups, although Simmental cows showed a lower milk yield after the third week after calving. Generally, Simmental and R1-Simmental cows seemed to deal better with a negative energy balance after calving than purebred Holstein and the other crossbred lines. Based on a positive heterosis effect of 10.06% for energy corrected milk (ECM), the F1, however, was the most efficient crossbred line.

Soil Improvement & Conservation Based on Biosoildam Integrated Smart Ecofarming Technology (Applied in Java Alluvial Land & Arid Region in East Indonesia)

Biosoildam a technology that combines agricultural and environmental activities (water & soil conservation) based on IOT. This analysis aims to improve alluvial agricultural lands by analyzing the relationship between microbial activity on acidity and the infiltration rate for alluvial lands that widely spread on the north coast of Java with Biosoildam Technology. Microbial activity as a biological agent / biofertilizer of slurry biomass decomposition taken from the livestock center and soil conditioning will affect soil electrolyte conductivity (EC). Other variables use the humidity and soil temperature parameters to control the relationship. Integrated Ecofarming where harvest straw for feed and livestock waste for fertilizer in micobial decomposting process is a cost-effective method that can improve soil quickly and measurably. The research took place from January to July 2018 on the red onion farms in Nganjuk Regency. The tools used include Double Ring Infiltrometer for measuring the infiltration rate at three radial distances from the centre of the microbial hole (biohole), microcontroller & wifi, electrolyte conductivity sensor as the soil fertility indication, pH meter for measuring soil acidity, and humidity and soil temperature sensors. The real-time information on soil paramaters is obtained through analogue inputs from EC, pH, humidity and temperature sensors, converted into digital information data by a microcontroller which later sent via wifi. Sensors are spreadly placed with radius A= 1,5 m ;B= 2 m ; C= 3m. Average Result : infiltration rate =40cm/h EC=1100 M=45 % T=25°C pH=6,5.

Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Ekonomi Mustahik Melalui Program Sentra Ternak Mandiri (STM) di Lembaga Amil Zakat Ummul Quro (LAZ-UQ) JOMBANG

The research purpose to know implementation program livestock center (STM) and the Mustahik economic revenue of the independent livestock program at the institution Amil Zakat Ummul Quro (LAZ-UQ) Jombang. The method used in this study is qualitative research method. The data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used is a data reduction, data presentation and data deduction. Research shows that the implementation of the independent livestock center program (STM) requires a few steps there are: location survey of implementation program, assessment of prospective members, companion selection, formation of livestock groups, submission of seeds and implementation program, mentoring process, counseling and training, monitoring and evaluation. Post implementation of an independent livestock center program (STM) has been proven to increase Mustahik economics income as well as improve the quality of life. From the sale of the sheep can be used to needing necessary daily, or for education costs. Besides these result can also improve the condition of the house, build a small shop, some even buy motorbikes

Evaluation of genetic variability in Brahman cattle breed in Malaysia using microsatellite markers

The Brahman was one of the exotic breeds imported into Malaysia to help boost the local beef cattle industry. Due to its adaptability and the productive performance, it is considered as a suitable breed for the country, as well as a breed for use in crossbreeding. This study aimed to assess the genetic variability in the Brahman breed in Malaysia using microsatellite markers. Twenty microsatellite loci,BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, CSRM60, CSSM66, ETH3, ETH10, ETH152, ETH185, ETH225, HAUT24, HAUT27, HEL1, HEL5, HEL9, HEL13, ILSTS005, ILSTS006, INRA005 and INRA023, were used to screen a random sample of 32 of Brahman cattle at the Brahman nucleus herd at DVS Livestock Center in Kuala Berang, Terengganu. A total of 151 alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus varied between 6 and 10 with an average of 7.6. The effective number of alleles (Ne) range between 2 and 7 with average of 3.8. The observed heterozygosity values (0.26 - 0.83) were lower than the expected heterozygosity values for almost all loci. The overall mean heterozygosity was 0.54. The values of inbreeding coefficient (FIS) based on the individual locus were generally positive. Thirteen loci deviated from HWE equilibrium (p<0.05). This study showed that there was low genetic variability in the Brahman nucleus herd in Malaysia

Peran Angkutan Laut dalam Meningkatkan Distribusi Ternak Sapi Potong dari Daerah Produsen ke Wilayah Konsumen

Nationally, there are some areas of the provinces in Indonesia is livestock center including East Nusa Tenggara province. East Nusa Tenggara Governor Decree No. 278/Kep/HK/2011 Deciding that the allocation of large livestock beef to local consumers (West Java, Jakarta and Kalimantan) each of (a) as 55.000 heads of cattle,(b) 7.000 buffalo and (c) 5.000 horse. For transporting live cattle the only means of transportation by ship. Darmaga Tenau in serving the transport of life cattle is still in a simple way. Similarly, in a transit Kalimas. In an effort to decrease the cattle of the ship had been taken in three ways: (a) transported and unloaded from boats using nets, (b) direct the cows are herded through the bridge and (c) using containers. However, in connection with a number of criticisms relating to the principle Animal welfare, inevitably a third pattern to be implemented despite the fact that take a long time and ultimately costs more mahal. This paper is part of the research results of “Efisiensi Moda Transportasi Ternak dan Daging Sapi Dalam Mendukung Program Swasembada Pangan” by the Center for Economic and Agricultural Policy, 2013. Location of the study focused on East Nusa Tenggara and East Java. Keywords: marine transportation, livestock, distribution