Lives Of Street Children Research Articles

Pencegahan Perilaku Seks Bebas Melalui Pendidikan Seks (Sex Education) Terhadap Anak-Anak Jalanan

The aim of this article is to analyze the importance of preventing promiscuous sexual behavior among street children through sex education as well as analyzing legal protection rights for street children who have the same rights as the successors of the younger generation in the future. The author focuses on street children in the Bekasi City area. This research was carried out using qualitative methods and data collection was carried out using empirical and juridical approaches. The author merges into the environment of a group of street children without being contaminated by their interactions. The data collected includes several data, namely 1) factors that cause the emergence of street children, 2) the impact of not introducing sex education to street children and 3) legal protection that should protect street children from the negative impacts that could occur due to free sex. Data is measured through observations in their environment and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that it is very important to teach and instill sex eduction in street children, because otherwise it will have negative impacts such as free sex, various crimes and the destruction of the future of the prospective young generation in the future. The results of the research conclude that sex education is very important and legal protection to protect and efforts to improve the behavior and lives of street children really need to be carried out and given attention in order to save the future of this country.

Surviving on the periphery of society: Experiences of street children in Accra, Ghana

AbstractDrawing on Bourdieu's theory of social fields, this article sought to answer two research questions: (a) what challenges do street children encounter on the streets? and (b) what survival strategies do these street children adopt to cope with street life? Thirty street children constituted the study's sample size. Data were gathered through in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions and were thematically analysed. It was found that street children encountered challenges including abuse, inadequate access to basic needs, stigmatization, and theft. This study also found that some street children resorted to their peer networks and intimate partners for protection, as well as for financial and material support. Additionally, some street children engaged in menial working jobs and in some cases, stealing and prostitution to fend for themselves. While these survival tactics were noted to be crucial in the lives of street children, this article recommends for the intensified implementation of state and non‐state interventions to help alter the unwholesome living conditions of these vulnerable children.

STREET CHILD MANAGEMENT POLICY AT SOCIAL OFFICE OF MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA

The purpose of this research is to find out the policies implemented by the government and to identify what factors are inhibiting and encouraging the government in carrying out policies to deal with the problem of street children in the city of Makassar. Research method the research conducted in this research is qualitative. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The reason for using qualitative is the experience of researchers where this method can be used to find and understand the meaning of a phenomenon that is sometimes difficult to understand. Descriptive qualitative research seeks to describe, record, analyze, and interpret current conditions. The results of this study are road-based coaching; The purpose of this service is to prevent street children in the category of children working on the street from falling into the trap of becoming criminals. Efforts are made for them to live decent lives. Community-based coaching; Social services for street children are focused on the community environment, based on where they live. This service involves all families and street children, as well as all members of the community. In this service, the aim is to prevent children from poor families who have a high risk of becoming street children. So that they don't have the opportunity to take to the streets and be sure to be returned to their families. Centre-based coaching; Children caught in raids will be recorded and then rehabilitated. This service aims to heal them from the physical, psychological, and social injuries they have experienced, after recovering from the influence of street children's lives, then they can return to their families. They are given guidance and facilities during their rehabilitation.

Kehidupan Sosial Anak Jalanan di Kota Makassar

The Social Life of street children in Makassar City is a description sourced from field research in Makassar City. Research on the lives of street children in the city of Makassar. This study used the interview method to compile the information needed. The type of research carried out is descriptive-qualitative research that aims to provide a description of the focus of this research. The results showed that the lives of street children are very poor and require systematic and targeted treatment.

Considering an agency–vulnerability nexus in the lives of street children and youth

ABSTRACT This article seeks to engage in a critical debate around the sociocultural contexts and academic understandings of agency and vulnerability. It proposes an agency–vulnerability nexus as a useful conceptual tool to consider these linked concepts and how they have been related in the literature on children and youth and across social and cultural contexts. We use the term ‘nexus’ as we seek to explore ‘agency’ and ‘vulnerability’ not as antonymic binaries but as multi-dimensional connections created both by individuals and by the sociocultural settings in which they inhabit. Drawing on secondary analysis of data from Growing up on the Streets, a longitudinal ethnographic research project where street children and youth were both participants and researchers, this article examines the applicability of the agency–vulnerability nexus among young people living in street settings. It concludes that by acknowledging a plurality of conceptual perspectives around children and youth agency, the agency–vulnerability nexus can be used conceptually to better understand street children and youth’s experiences.

PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK JALANAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PEKERJAAN SOSIAL

Children who are displaced on the street without family care are often referred to as street children. Those born of two aspects, the first because of a family problem or a broken home that they finally plunge into the harsh world, second because of the support of free association and mischoosing a friend. This becomes one of the problems of vulnerability in the future of the child, in the capital the number of street children increasingly increasing the day. A wide variety of street children's lives, ranging from sleeping under bridges, rail tracks, to living on the market. Not only in the capital, even now the street children are rampant in various regions. This problem should be addressed immediately because the future of the nation there is the hand of youth, if the princes are troubled how about the people. Social workers are one solution to tackle a child's future vulnerability problem. With various activities and motivation encouragement that social workers do can change the life of street children.

Examining the Effects of the Ragged School in Literature

The ability to educate all children, despite social class was an important responsibility. However, some of these problems included social problems that had been faced by poor children during this Victorian Era. Charles Dickens encountered the ragged schooling, which made a lasting impact upon him and is said to have been a significant element in his writing of A Christmas Carol. It was through Charles Dickens’ legacy was using his novels and other works to reveal a world of poverty and unimaginable struggles. His vivid descriptions of the life of street children in the city, workhouses and Yorkshire boarding schools lead to many reforms. Although “Ragged” Schools began to grow and were seen as a movement. For many who would not have been able to have an education, authors such as Charles Dickens, was able to receive a free education and a betterment of life for the poor, that would and will, even today, inspire others to do something to help those suffering in oppression and poverty.

Comparative analysis of outreach work with street children in Latvia, Czech Republic and India

Based on available statistics, the number of street children is increasing not only in Europe but also around the world. Street children in the world now number 700 million children who are living below the poverty line, which is attributable to income. In the U.S. street children numbers range from a million to two million – 82% of these children are involved in the drug trade. Number of street children in Latin America is steadily increasing too per year, and approximately 12,500 street children are working [16].India purportedly has one of the highest concentrations of street children in the world, with UNICEF estimating their numbers to be as high as 11 million [9].To find out the true numbers and to investigate what was involved in street children's lives, outreach work experiences in Latvia, Czech Republic and India collected statistical data, summarized studies and conducted qualitative research. The qualitative research was conducted in Latvia, India and Czech Republic. In Czech Republic 5 outreach social workers in Hradec Kralove city were interviewed and in Riga 2 social workers who work in different Day Centres were interviewed and asked for their opinion. In India qualitative information about outreach work with street children was conducted together with identified outreach work programs.

Street children's lives and actor-networks

This article investigates the street-children phenomenon and their view of street life as actor-networks in Pelotas, Brazil. Street children manipulate actor-networks to reach their life goals. They physically approach certain actors and withdraw from others. To explore this phenomenon, I acquired qualitative data about the lives of 19 street children over 7 years. Manifold methods were utilised: observation, interviews, poems, walkabouts and drawings. The most important actors from the children's perspective affecting street life, such as other street children, police, violence, trees offering safety, street knowledge, sunglasses, drugs and states of mind, were discovered. I analysed children's lives by combining actor-network theory and time-geography, which clarified why same actors may hold varying meanings depending on the other actors in the networks. Furthermore, the capacity of actors is influenced by the intensity of the connection between actors and the reasons why certain actors are enrolled in the networks.

“My body breaks. I take solution.” Inhalant use in Delhi as pleasure seeking at a cost

BackgroundInhalant use has existed in India since the 1970s and has increased significantly over the last decades, especially among street-oriented young people. The latter constitute a heterogeneous category: children from street families, children ‘of’ the street, rag pickers, and part-time street children. There are also inhalant-using schoolchildren and young people in slums. MethodsFieldwork was conducted for 1 year. Team ethnography, multi-sited and comparative research, flexibility of methods and writing field notes were explicit parts of the research design. Most research was undertaken with six groups in four areas of Delhi, exemplifying six generic categories of inhalant-using street-oriented young people. ResultsInhalants in India are branded: Eraz-Ex diluter and whitener, manufactured by Kores, are used throughout Delhi; Omni glue in one specific area. There is a general lack of awareness and societal indifference towards inhalant use, with the exception of the inhalant users themselves, who possess practical knowledge. They conceive of inhalants as nasha, encapsulating the materiality of the substances and the experiential aspects of intoxication and addiction. Fragments of group interviews narrate the sensory appeal of inhalants, and an ethnographic vignette the dynamics of a sniffing session. These inhalant-using street children seek intoxication in a pursuit of pleasure, despite the harm that befalls them as a result. Some find nasha beautiful, notwithstanding the stigmatization, violence and bodily deterioration; others experience it as an overpowering force. ConclusionA source of attraction and pleasure, inhalants ravage street children's lives. In this mysterious space of lived experience, their self-organization evolves. Distinguishing between hedonic and side effects, addiction helps to understand inhalant use as at once neurobiological, cultural, and involving agency. The implications are that India needs to develop a policy of treatment and employment to deal with the addiction.

Gendercide: Examining gender-based crimes against women and men

Inhalant use has existed in India since the 1970s and has increased significantly over the last decades, especially among street-oriented young people. The latter constitute a heterogeneous category: children from street families, children ‘of’ the street, rag pickers, and part-time street children. There are also inhalant-using schoolchildren and young people in slums.Fieldwork was conducted for 1 year. Team ethnography, multi-sited and comparative research, flexibility of methods and writing field notes were explicit parts of the research design. Most research was undertaken with six groups in four areas of Delhi, exemplifying six generic categories of inhalant-using street-oriented young people.Inhalants in India are branded: Eraz-Ex diluter and whitener, manufactured by Kores, are used throughout Delhi; Omni glue in one specific area. There is a general lack of awareness and societal indifference towards inhalant use, with the exception of the inhalant users themselves, who possess practical knowledge. They conceive of inhalants as nasha, encapsulating the materiality of the substances and the experiential aspects of intoxication and addiction. Fragments of group interviews narrate the sensory appeal of inhalants, and an ethnographic vignette the dynamics of a sniffing session. These inhalant-using street children seek intoxication in a pursuit of pleasure, despite the harm that befalls them as a result. Some find nasha beautiful, notwithstanding the stigmatization, violence and bodily deterioration; others experience it as an overpowering force.A source of attraction and pleasure, inhalants ravage street children's lives. In this mysterious space of lived experience, their self-organization evolves. Distinguishing between hedonic and side effects, addiction helps to understand inhalant use as at once neurobiological, cultural, and involving agency. The implications are that India needs to develop a policy of treatment and employment to deal with the addiction.

An intervention programme to improve the quality of life of street children in Mopani district, Limpopo Province, South Africa

The aim of the study was to develop an intervention programme to improve the quality of life of street children in the Mopani district of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The intervention programme was developed based on the findings of the main study, which discussed the lived experiences of street children in Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality of Limpopo Province. The study generated the question "which intervention programme is required to improve the quality of life of street children"? Results indicate that some of the street children who participated in this study experienced feelings of relief from the stressful situation they experienced at home as a result the streets provided an alternative home. Participants indicated their relief from the problems such as abuse by family members, especially step-fathers; lack of satisfaction of basic needs at home; and pressure to perform according to others' expectations. Street children experienced negative feelings such as anger, depression and frustration due to lack of basic needs and their uncertain future. Programme development in this study followed the primary health care approach namely the primary level where focus is on how to prevent the problem, secondary level deals with early detection and reversal of the problem and lastly the tertiary prevention and care, which focuses on reduction and curbing of further development of other pathologies in the street children. Ethical and trustworthiness principles were ensured. This study draws attention to the need to enhance delivery of social welfare services to street children and may also assist the municipalities in the planning of programmes to address the problem of street children.

Berg-en-See street boys: merging street and family relations in Cape Town, South Africa

Despite a wealth of research exploring street children's lives, this has tended to focus on the micro-scale, rarely drawing connections with wider society. Yet, it is rare for street children to sever all ties with home and this paper explores these connections by taking a relational approach to the production of street life. Drawing on in-depth qualitative research with 12 boys living on the streets in a coastal suburb of Cape Town, the paper identifies that street children are part of powerful inter- and intra-generational relations that connect them to their families: interdependent but sometimes forced and contested. The paper concludes by identifying that street children are not isolated on the street, but rather positioned relationally in between street and family life building relations within and across spatial boundaries. This has implications for the way in which we conceptualise street children's lives and adds to wider theoretical understandings of childhood as relational.

Begging as a Livelihood Pathway of Street Children in Addis Ababa

This article explores the working lives of street children in Addis Ababa, focusing in particular on an analysis of begging. Based on participatory research approaches, it discusses the social and economic significance of begging for impoverished children, documenting what they beg for, how and why, as well as what they think about their involvement in the activity. It is argued that although begging is a way of life that some children have followed since early childhood, for others it is merely a pastime activity, and a temporary survival strategy from which they will eventually ‘move on’. The practice of begging is complex and fluid, largely depending on the changing nature of children's livelihood pathways, economic capacity, and relations with both the public and their families. Many children view begging as a shameful activity that they would prefer to avoid if they had alternatives. However, a large majority also consider it as a central part of their lives—as ‘work’—through which they can fulfil the expectations of their parents and share responsibilities as members of their household. The conclusion is that interventions to improve the livelihoods of these children need to take more seriously the structural constraints of poverty and exclusion, as well as children's mobility, transient experiences, and social skills.

Ali Zaoua: The Harsh Life of Street Children and the Poetics of Childhood

In the context of Arab cinema, Nabil Ayouch's Ali Zaoua, Prince of the Streets breaks new ground in presenting the world of street children. At the same time his portrayal of their world stands in distinct contrast to that offered by classic representations emanating from other regions. Violence in Ali Zaoua remains limited and originates among the children. Neither public authorities nor individual adults victimise these children; rather adults sympathetic to the children are shown helping them escape their condition. And while Ayouch does portray street life as harsh and precarious, he avoids miserabilism by giving play to a poetics of childhood that finds expression in the daydreams of the children. Working with street children, Ayouch succeeded in eliciting performances that give psychological depth to his protagonists. The excellent cinemascope production is enhanced by delightful animation sequences of the children's dreams. Ayouch created a beautiful and enchanting film that emotionally engages viewers and elicits their sympathy for the condition of street children, all the while eschewing social critique. A big success at home, Ali Zaoua became the most successful Moroccan film ever internationally.

Diversity and Difference in the Everyday Lives of Ugandan Street Children: The Significance of Age and Gender for Understanding the Use of Space

Childhood is characterised by diversity and difference across and within societies. Street children have a unique relationship to the urban environment evident through their use of the city. The everyday geographies that street children produce are diversified through the spaces they frequent and the activities they engage in. Drawing on a range of children-centred qualitative methods, this article focuses on street children's use of urban space in Kampala, Uganda. The article demonstrates the importance of considering variables such as gender and age in the analysis of street children's socio-spatial experiences, which, to date, have rarely been considered in other accounts of street children's lives. In addition the article highlights the need for also including street children's individuality and agency into understanding their use of space. The article concludes by arguing for policies to be sensitive to the diversity that characterises street children's lives and calls for a more nuanced approach where policies are designed to accommodate street children's age and gender differences, and their individual needs, interests and abilities.

The quality of life of ‘street children’ accommodated at three shelters in Pretoria: an exploratory study

This research project is an exploratory study that aims to describe and examine the state and nature of the quality of life of street children accommodated at three shelters. A non‐probability sample of 48 street children at three shelters was purposively selected. An interview schedule was constructed and administered to gather data. The statistical analyses comprised descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and the computation of the Kruskal–Wallis test statistics to compare the three shelters. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data from open‐ended questions. The results suggest that the quality of life of the participants in this study was depressed due to lack of access or substandard educational and medical facilities, or depressed material conditions at the shelters. Furthermore, the results suggest that the participants who were accommodated at shelters that encouraged involvement in income‐generating activities were more likely to experience a compromise of their emotional well‐being than their counterparts who were not involved in income‐generating activities.

Street Children and the Excluded Class

Traditionally, the study of street children has proceeded by locating these kids in social categories such as the poor, the destitute, the vulnerable population or the population at risk. Other scholarly traditions have advanced the view that street children belong with the socially excluded groups. However, both approaches treat these children as if their life experiences are not linked to the general class structure and the State. The argument I advance in this article is that an improved understanding of street children’s everyday existence is to include them in a social class, namely: the socially excluded class. I argue that the class and exclusion paradigms are well suited to one another insofar as some excluded persons participate in the division of labor. The proposed approach leads us to focus upon a set of empirical dimensions related to the lives of street children: their commonality of experience, their exploitation of social capital as a means for survival, their participation in the division of labor, their relational experience and the nature of the collective action they engage in to defend their interests. I conclude by arguing that this approach constitutes a comprehensive analytical framework that allows us to better organize and obtain knowledge concerning the social life of street children.

They Did Not Sell Their Cameras

Children, Youth and Environments Vol 13, No.2 (2003) ISSN 1546-2250 They Did Not Sell Their Cameras Frank Bierens Christiaan Kuypers Homeless World Foundation Citation: Bierens, Frank and Christiaan Kuypers. “They Did Not Sell Their Cameras.” Children, Youth and Environments 13(2), 2003. We appreciate the opportunity to react to the review of Home/Life and will link our response to selected passages of it. The cities represented in this project are from around the world, but there is no explanation of their selection. A municipal judge derailed the project in Rio de Janeiro and government officials thwarted the project in Beijing, insisting that there are no homeless children in China. In the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary in each of these cities, it would have been interesting to learn more about this lack of cooperation. The Home/Life project was initiated by a journalist, a graphic designer and a publisher, all Dutch, but (at the time) living in Jakarta, New York and Amsterdam, respectively. For funding as well as realizing this project, we involved our friends and colleagues around the world. As soon as the idea was born we invited our friends and family for a dinner in the prestigious Hotel Blakes on the canals in Amsterdam, owned by the brother of one of the initiators. The guests had to pay 1000 guilders (about 500 dollars); 100 guilders for food and drinks, 900 for the project. Seventy people accepted the invitation and the newly established foundation started out that night with a “working capital” of 172 about 60,000 guilders. This amount enabled us to set up the workshops in 11 countries and pay for the film and the costs for developing it. The choice of the cities started out randomly. Basically, we approached our friends around the world and asked them whether they wanted to participate in this project. They were journalists, photographers, diplomats and people working for various NGOs. We asked them to approach local NGOs working with street children and discuss with them the possibility of setting up these workshops. Some succeeded; some did not. At the same time, we tried to realize a good mixture of countries and continents which we did not establish completely to our own satisfaction. For instance in South America, we were merely able to involve people in Surinam and did not succeed in Brazil and Colombia. Likewise, the book offers no information on the selection of the children who took part in the photo workshops and were given cameras. More information on how the workshop coordinators chose the participating children would have provided useful background for viewing the photographs. The way we organized these workshops resulted from the fact that the children involved in the workshops differed from one country to another, depending on the local NGO involved. The only denominators were the age of the children and the fact that they were not living “at home.” In Johannesburg and Moscow the children were really homeless and lived in the streets and in the railway station, but in New York the children lived in an institution where they were recently united with their mothers who had just come out of jail. In Jakarta they were living in an orphanage and in Budapest they were gypsies. In Rotterdam they had been taken away from their families by court order and in Paris they had recently immigrated from Africa. The editors selected the 150 photographs included in the book according to artistic merit, the only criterion being ‘image quality' with consideration of ‘composition, subject, and 173 emotional charge' (pp. 6-7). It is not clear, however, what this means. Further, while the photos were not cropped or otherwise edited, adults not living on the street selected them, introducing a filter in the portrayal of the homes and lives of street children and raising the question of whether their own selection might have been different. Yes, if the children had made the choice of photos themselves, the final collection of photos would have been completely different. For the opening of the exhibit in Jakarta we were able to invite two participants each from Paramaribo, Cairo, Nairobi, New Delhi and Rotterdam...

Http://revistas.up.edu.pe/index.php/apuntes/article/view/445

The author presents a historical survey of street' children in Lima. He emphasizes the fact that Lima's colonial urban culture did not allow the articulation and development of this social phenomenon in past centuries as was the case in other Latin American cities such as Sao Pau/o (Brazil) and Bogota (Colombia). In Lima street children first appeared in the twentieth century as a consequence of the processes of urbanization and modernization. The author describes in detail the recent history of childhood life on the streets of Lima including aspects of welfare work. Final/y he describes the real life of street children in the historical centre of Lima at the md of the eighties based on field research using modern sociological methods.