Liver Transplantation In Brazil Research Articles

Liver Transplantation in Brazil between 2010 and 2021: 30-day Survival

Introduction: In Brazil, the Unified Health System is responsible for more than 95% of liver transplants, providing a more equal service essential to health. However, there is a shortage of organs due to the growing demand and challenges to achieve the success of the procedure, due to the severity of the underlying diseases that impact on post-surgery survival. Objective: To investigate the rate of liver transplantation in all federative units of Brazil between 2010 and 2021, as well as to evaluate its relationship with survival of patients undergoing the procedure. Methodology: This is an epidemiological, observational, analytical study of the non-concurrent cohort type, with data obtained from the Hospital Information System regarding hospitalizations that underwent liver transplantation, in all units of the federation (UF) of Brazil between January 2010 and December 2021. Results: A total of 17,254 liver transplants were performed in the country, at a total cost of R$ 1,657,439,379.00 financed by SUS in patients with a mean age of 53.78 years. Females had a lower probability of survival than male patients. Regarding the 15-day hospital stay, patients without a diagnosis of liver failure had a survival probability of 86.4% (95%CI = 85.7 - 87.2) and patients with a diagnosis of liver failure had a survival probability of 81.7% (95%CI = 80.0 - 83.4). The lethality described was 12.29% AND there was no difference in survival regarding age (p=0.13), length of hospital stay (p=0.31), alcoholic liver disease (p=0.14) and fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (p=0.22). The probability of survival was statistically similar among transplant recipients who received liver from a deceased or living donor. Conclusion: The number of donors remains insufficient in the face of the extensive waiting list. The impact of baseline conditions on survival after surgery shows a higher negative outcome in patients with liver failure and in the female sex.

LBP‐012: Viral hepatitis is not the main cause of acute liver failute leading to liver transplantation in Brazil

Journal of Viral HepatitisVolume 25, Issue S2 p. 201-201 Abstract LBP-012: Viral hepatitis is not the main cause of acute liver failute leading to liver transplantation in Brazil First published: 12 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.17_12935Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume25, IssueS2Special Issue: 16th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases (ISVHLD) held from June 14th to 17th, 2018, in Toronto, CanadaJune 2018Pages 201-201 RelatedInformation

Liver Transplantation in Brazil.

Over 1700 liver transplantations (LTs) are performed annually in Brazil. In absolute terms, the country performs more LT surgeries than anywhere else in Latin America and is third worldwide. However, due to its increasing population and inadequate donor organ supply, the country averages 5-10 LTs per million population, far lower than required. There is a marked heterogeneity in organ donation and LT activity throughout the country. Access to LT in the underprivileged North, Midwest, and Northeast regions of Brazil is scarce. Major challenges for the future of LT in Brazil will be to increase organ donation and access to LT. The reduction of those geographical disparities in donation, organ procurement, and LT due to political and financial constraints is of utmost importance. Liver Transplantation 22 1254-1258 2016 AASLD.

Lipid Metabolism and Interleukin 28B Polymorphism in Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a major public health problem and the main indication for liver transplantation in Brazil. Thus, the identification of patients and the provision of appropriate treatment are essential for the control and reduction of this infection. Lipid metabolism, so poorly studied in this liver disease, is involved and may contribute to the therapeutic results. Similarly, the polymorphism of interleukin 28B is already recognized as predictive factor for sensitivity to interferon therapy in the treatment of hepatitis C. Thus, the interaction between lipid metabolism and polymorphism of interleukin 28B may allow individualization of the therapeutic regimen. This study evaluated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and IL 28 B genotypes in patients with hepatitis C and the correlation between these variables. Fiftythree patients were enrolled and the highest prevalence in our sample was of CT genotype followed by TT and CC. The LDL-cholesterol was 121 (± 46) mg/dl for the polymorphism C/C; 104 (± 24) mg/dl for the polymorphism C/T and 93 (± 33) mg/dl for T/T polymorphism. There was no statistical significance between the groups (p=0.38). The conclusion is that although the study did not find statistically significant, larger trials with population samples can demonstrate association and clarify the role of lipid metabolism in hepatitis C with greater relevance.

Simplified technique for auxiliary orthotopic liver transplantation using a whole graft.

BackgroundAcute liver failure is associated with a high mortality rate and the main purposes of treatment are to prevent cerebral edema and infections, which often are responsible for patient death. The orthotopic liver transplantation is the gold standard treatment and improves the 1-year survival.AimTo describe an alternative technique to auxiliary liver transplant on acute liver failure.MethodWas performed whole auxiliary liver transplantation as an alternative technique for a partial auxiliary liver transplantation using a whole liver graft from a child removing the native right liver performed a right hepatectomy. The patient met the O´Grady´s criteria and the rational to indicate an auxiliary orthotopic liver transplantation was the acute classification without hemodynamic instability or renal failure in a patient with deterioration in consciousness.ResultsThe procedure improved liver function and decreased intracranial hypertension in the postoperative period.ConclusionThis technique can overcome some postoperative complications that are associated with partial grafts. As far as is known, this is the first case of auxiliary orthotopic liver transplantation in Brazil.

PSU28 Retrospective Analysis of Liver Transplantation in Brazil

PSU28 Retrospective Analysis of Liver Transplantation in Brazil

Risk factors for long-term mortality in a large cohort of patients wait-listed for liver transplantation in Brazil

Liver donor shortage and long waiting times are observed in many liver transplant programs worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wait list in a developing country, before and after the introduction of the MELD scoring system. In addition, the MELD score ability to predict mortality in this setting was assessed. A single-center retrospective study of patients wait-listed for liver transplantation between 1997 and 2010 was undertaken. There were 1339 and 762 patients on the list in pre-MELD and MELD era, respectively. A competitive risk analysis was performed to assess age, gender, disease diagnosis, serum sodium, MELD, Child-Pugh, ABO type, and body mass index. Also, MELD score predictive ability at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after list enrollment was evaluated. The overall mortality rates on waiting list were 31.0% and 28.1% (P = 0.16), and the median waiting times were 412 and 952 days (P < 0.001), in pre and MELD eras, respectively. The competitive risk analysis yielded the following significant P values for both eras: HCC (0.03 and <0.001), MELD (<0.001 and 0.002), sodium level (0.002 and <0.001), and Child-Pugh (0.02 and <0.001). The MELD mortality predictions at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were similar. In conclusion, in a liver transplant program with long waiting times, the MELD system introduction did not improve mortality rate. In either pre and MELD eras, HCC diagnosis, serum sodium, Child-Pugh, and MELD were significant predictors of prognosis. Short- and long-term MELD based mortality predictions were similarly accurate. Strategies for increasing the liver donor pool should be implemented to improve mortality.

The impact of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) on liver transplantation in one center in Brazil

Presently the MELD score is used as the waiting list criterion for liver transplantation in Brazil. In this method more critical patients are considered priority to transplantation. To compare the results of liver transplantation when the chronologic waiting list was the criterion for organ allocation (pre-MELD era) with MELD score period (MELD era) in one liver transplantation unit in Brazil. The charts of the patients subjected to liver transplantation at the Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, were reviewed from January of 2001 to August of 2008. Patients were divided into two groups: pre-MELD era and MELD era. They were compared in relation to demographics of donors and receptors, etiology of cirrhosis, cold and warm ischemia time, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, MELD score and Child-Pugh score and classification at the time of transplantation, units of red blood cells transfused during the transplantation, intensive care unit stay, total hospital stay and 3 month and 1 year survival. Initially, 205 liver transplantations were analyzed. Ninety four were excluded and 111 were included: 71 on the pre-MELD era and 40 on the MELD era. The two groups were comparable in relation to donors and receptors age and sex, etiology of cirrhosis and cold and warm ischemia time. The receptors of the MELD era had more hepatocellular carcinoma than those of the pre-MELD era (37.5% vs 16.9%). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had less advanced cirrhosis on both eras. The MELD score was the same on both eras. Excluding the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, MELD era score was higher than pre-MELD score (18.2 vs 15.8). There were an increased number of transplants on Child-Pugh A and C and a decreased number on Child-Pugh B receptors on MELD era. Both eras had the same need of red blood cells transfusion, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. Also, 3 month and 1 year survival were the same: 76% and 74.6% on pre-MELD era and 75% and 70.9% on MELD era. In our center, after the introduction of MELD score as the priority criterion for liver transplantation there were an increased number of transplants with hepatocellular carcinoma. Excluding these patients, the receptors were operated upon with more advanced cirrhosis. Nevertheless the patients had the same need for red blood cells transfusion, intensive care unit and hospital stay and 3 months and 1 year survival.

Modified pediatric end-stage liver disease scoring system and pediatric liver transplantation in Brazil

The Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD) scoring system is a formula developed to provide a continuous numerical assessment of the risk of death in order to allocate livers to children in need of transplantation. The PELD scoring system was introduced in Brazil in July 2006. An important change was made in the system: the final number for listing patients less than 12 years old for transplantation was the calculated PELD score multiplied by 3. The consequences of this allocation policy were analyzed in 2 ways in this research: nationally and in the state of São Paulo (SP State). In the analysis of the national data, a comparison of the pre-PELD era (July 2003 to July 2006) and the post-PELD era (August 2006 to April 2009) showed that the total number of pediatric transplants for children under 12 years of age decreased 7%. Regionally, in SP State, there was a 62% increase in the number of deceased donor liver transplantation procedures for the pediatric population after the introduction of the modified PELD system. There was also a 6.1-fold increase in split liver transplantation as well as a statistically significant decrease in the time on the waiting list (P < 0.001). In conclusion, changing the allocation policy in Brazil in order to benefit pediatric patients on the waiting list had different results according to analyses of national and regional data. A significant increase in deceased donor liver transplantation/split liver transplantation and a shorter time on the waiting list were observed in SP State. The modified PELD scoring system is simple and optimizes the utilization of deceased donor liver grafts in centers performing pediatric transplants.

Twenty Years of Liver Transplantation in Brazil

This paper summarizes the 20 years of liver transplantation in Brazil, in the context of the Western world scenario. More than 5000 liver transplantations have been performed in the country since September 1, 1985. The living-donor liver transplantation, one of the landmarks in liver transplantation, was first described by our team in 1989. Brazil is the seventh country in number of liver transplants in the Western world and the first in Latin America. Almost 1000 procedures were performed in 2004, 19% of them involving living donors.

The first clinical liver transplantation of brazil revisited

The first clinical orthotopic liver transplantation in Brazil was performed on August 5, 1968. The patient was awake after surgery and died on the seventh postoperative day due to subdural hematoma, bronchopneumonia, renal failure, and graft rejection. The report of this case is important to understand the evolution of clinical liver transplantation in Brazil, where this procedure is now routinely carried out in many medical centers.

Critical analysis of the allocation policy for liver transplantation in Brazil.

Liver transplantation is now the standard treatment for end-stage liver disease. Given the shortage of liver donors and the progressively higher number of patients waiting for transplantation, improvements in patient selection and optimization of timing for transplantation are needed. Several solutions have been suggested, including increasing the donor pool; a fair policy for allocation, not permitting variables such as age, gender, and race, or third-party payer status to play any role; and knowledge of the natural history of each liver disease for which transplantation is offered. To observe ethical rules and distributive justice (guarantee to every citizen the same opportunity to get an organ), the "sickest first" policy must be used. Studies have demonstrated that death has no relationship with waiting time, but rather with the severity of liver disease at the time of inclusion. Thus, waiting time is no longer part of the United Network for Organ Sharing distribution criteria. Waiting time only differentiates between equally severely diseased patients. The authors have analyzed the waiting list mortality and 1-year survival for patients of the State of S o Paulo, from July 1997 through January 2001. Only the chronological criterion was used. According to "Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo" data, among all waiting list deaths, 82.2% occurred within the first year, and 37.6% within the first 3 months following inclusion. The allocation of livers based on waiting time is neither fair nor ethical, impairs distributive justice and human rights, and does not occur in any other part of the world.

Liver transplantation in brazil

Liver transplantation in brazil