Liver Damage In Albino Rats Research Articles

Hepatoprotective Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Ficus carica Leaves ‎Against ‎‎Cypermethrin-Induced Liver Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid, is recognized for its insecticidal properties but ‎poses potential risks of hepatotoxicity. In traditional medicine, Ficus (F.) carica (common ‎fig) leaves have historically been used for various therapeutic applications. This study ‎aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of F. carica‎‎ leaves ‎against CYP-induced liver damage in adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The ‎animals (n=30), 8-12 weeks old ‎and weighing 200-250 g‎, were randomly divided into five ‎experimental groups (n=6) and treated as follows: the negative control group received ‎distilled water; the CYP-Only group was exposed to 4.74 mg/kg BW for 45 days; the ‎CYP+post-treatment group received the same CYP dosage followed by F. carica‎‎ methanolic ‎leaf extract at 500 mg/kg BW orally for two weeks; the pre-treatment+CYP group received ‎ ‎F. carica‎‎ methanolic leaf extract at 500 mg/kg BW orally for two weeks followed by CYP ‎exposure for 45 days; and the F. carica‎‎ extract-Only group was administered the methanolic ‎leaf extract at 500 mg/kg BW orally for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, serum and ‎liver samples were analyzed for biochemical and histopathological changes. CYP-Only ‎exposed group showed significantly increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ‎alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and caspase-3 levels (P<0.05). Histopathological examination ‎in group exposed CYP only revealed liver damages as evidenced by central vein congestion, ‎scattered perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, prominence of ‎Kupffer cells, nuclear ‎pyknosis, and severe hepatocytic necrosis. Treatment with F. carica‎‎ leaf extract, either ‎before or after CYP exposure, as well as solely with F. carica‎‎ leaf ‎‎extract, ameliorated both ‎the biochemical and histological indices of liver ‎damage. The findings suggest that the ‎methanolic extract of F. carica‎‎ leaves provides promising hepatoprotective effects against ‎CYP-induced liver damage in albino rats, likely via its antioxidative properties‎‎.

A comparative study on the hepatoprotective effect of selenium-nanoparticles and dates flesh extract on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in albino rats.

Exposure to environmental pollutants such as carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) causes liver damage. This study aimed to compare the ameliorative activity of the dates flesh extract (DFE) and selenium-nanoparticles (SeNPs) on CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity and if DFE could be a useful alternative supplement. Twenty-four male albino rats were enrolled and randomly divided into four equal groups (6 rats in each group): control group received only basal diet with no medications. Group II received CCL4 in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection twice weekly for four weeks. Group III rats were pretreated with SeNPs in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg once a day orally three times/wk for four weeks alone then combined with the previously described dose of CCL4 for another four weeks. Group IV rats were pretreated with DFE in a dose of 8 ml of the aqueous extract/kg/d orally for four weeks alone then combined with the previously described dose of CCL4 for another four weeks. The liver damage was assessed by estimation of plasma concentration of albumin and enzymes activities of alanine aminotransferase and tissue genes expression. Liver oxidation levels were assessed by measuring the tissue concentration of the malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and the total glutathione. Additionally, inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor--α and interleukin-6 were estimated. Detecting the liver's cellular structural damage was done by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. This study suggests that CCL4-induced liver damage in rats can be protected by administration whether the costly SeNPs or the economical DFE.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage

Aim: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in albino rats.
 Methodology: Acute toxicity study was determined using limit fixed dose test of 5000mg/kg for 14 days. Six (6) adult albino rats of both sexes were used and randomly divided into six groups of one rat each. Hepatoprotective study; a total of forty two (42) adult albino rats were divided in to seven groups, of six rats each. Methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis administered to different groups of rats at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg orally daily for fourteen. This was followed by CCl4-administration after every 72 hours for the same period. Silymarin a standard reference drug was administered at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight orally, once daily for fourteen (14) days. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activities of liver function indices (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase, total protein, albumin, direct and total bilirubin) in serum.
 Results: The LD50 of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The activities of all the marker enzymes revealed a significant (P<0.05) elevated levels and decreased in the levels of total protein and albumin in CCl4 treated rats. Group administered with the extract prior to CCl4 induction show significantly low level of serum liver marker enzymes and increased levels of total protein and albumin compared to CCl4-induced untreated group and this observations is supported by the histology of liver sections, the result indicate that methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis possess significant hepatoprotective property by inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
 Conclusion: This property may be attributed to the phytochemical compounds present in the extract.

Hepatoprotective activity of glinus lotodies linn against paracetamol induced liver damage in albino rats

Aim: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the selected Glinus lotodies linn plant by using Paracetamol induced hepatic injury in albino rats. Methods: The chloroform extract of Glinus lotodies linn was allowed for screening hepatoprotective activity on Paracetamol induced Albino rats and they were compared with standard and negative control. Results: The drug treatment Chloroform Extract of Glinus lotodies linn [CEGL] was carried out at two low dose levels 200mg and 400mg/ kg, both of which along the standard Silymarin 100mg/kg treated group showed a significant reduction in the elevated enzyme levels (P < 0.01). Liver section shows normal cells compared to control. Conclusion: These data suggests a dose dependent hepatoprotective activity of CEGL. At the end of this study, a strong conclusion can be drawn that the Chloroform Extract of Glinus lotoides linn possess hepatoprotective activities induced by Paracetamol in Albino rats.

Hepatocurative and Histopathological Evaluations in Albino Rats Exposed to Vitex Doniana Alkaloids

The study investigated the effects of the alkaloid fraction of Vitex doniana on liver and kidney functions in albino rats. A solution of CCl4 in paraffin (1:1) was used to induce liver damage in albino rats. The liver and kidney function tests were carried out by oral administration of varying doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) of the bulk alkaloid to different groups of albino rats for 14 days. The rats were subsequently sacrificed, and the hepatocurative and histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney were carried out to determine the serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TAG), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The total protein, serum albumin, and HDLs were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by alkaloid fraction of V. doniana to values compared with the control. The results also showed that serum CHOL, TAG, LDLs, BUN, and creatinine were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in rats treated with alkaloid fraction compared with untreated. The normal cellular architecture of the liver destroyed by the standard hepatotoxin was restored by the alkaloids. The alkaloids of V. doniana reverse the CCl4-induced hepatocellular damage, supporting its use in managing liver-associated diseases.

Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

BackgroundLimnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial aquatic plant used as a diuretic and digestive tonic as well as in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia and urinary ailments. Genus Limnophila has been reported as hepatoprotective. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of L. rugosa aerial part in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for the estimation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide assay. Hepatoprotective potential of L. rugosa was studied in paracetamol (750 mg/mg)- and CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg)-induced liver damage in albino rats at dose 200 and 300 mg/kg using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as standard. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in liver tissue homogenate. Serum biochemical and histopathological examination was performed. Molecular docking analysis was performed to understand the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective activity.ResultsHPLC analysis revealed predominance of rutin. GC–MS analysis revealed camphor as principal component. Ethanolic extract exhibited significant concentration-dependent scavenging efficacy. The altered biochemical chemical parameters: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, globulin and total protein, were significantly improved at 200 and 300 mg/kg in experimental rats. Extract signified hepatoprotective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and upregulating SOD, CAT and GSH. The findings were well supported by histological analysis. 2-Butyl-2, 7-octadien-1-ol (-5.8) and camphor (-4.8) gave the highest docking score on the transforming growth factor-β1.ConclusionsThe ameliorative effect of L. rugosa in the rat model of hepatotoxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant potential and bioactive principles such as betulin, 5-hydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (salvigenin), betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 3-octanol, acetophenone, anisylacetone, caryophyllene, cis-anethole and the compounds camphor and 2-butyl-2,7-octadien-1-ol identified from GC–MS analysis.

Hepato Effect of Argel Herb (Solenostemma argel) against Carbon Tetra Chloride Induced Liver damage in Albino Rats.

Hepato Effect of Argel Herb (Solenostemma argel) against Carbon Tetra Chloride Induced Liver damage in Albino Rats.

The ameliorative effect of the solvent extracts of Ocimum basilicum against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in albino rats

This study was designed to evaluate the protective activities of 4 different Ocimum basilicum L whole plant extracts against acute acetaminophen-induced liver damage in albino rats. A total of 42 rats were divided into 7 groups comprising the control (acetaminophen, water, and silymarin treated) groups and OB-treated (chloroform, diethylether, ethylacetate, and methanol extract) groups. Each treatment group was made up of 6 rats, with 3 replicates of 2 rats each. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected to investigate the activities of liver enzymes, and liver tissue was harvested for histological analysis. Rats pre-treated with OB extracts showed decreased (p<0.05) ALT, AST, and ALP activities when compared with the silymarin-treated and positive control groups. Serum urea decreased (p<0.05) in OB-treated groups compared to the control groups and least (p<0.05) activity was seen in rats pre-treated with diethyl ether and methanol extracts. Rats pre-treated with OB extract (except diethyl ether extract) showed decreased (p<0.05) creatinine activity in comparison with the positive control group. The decreased value of serum total bilirubin and D bilirubin in rats pretreated with OB methanol extract was comparable to those of negative control. Histopathological examination revealed hepatic tissue necrosis in the acetaminophen-induced rats and varying degrees of injury and amelioration in other groups. The results from of all the solvent extracts of OB whole plant suggest significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities with the methanolic extract having higher hepatoprotective activity than the standard, Silymarin, and other solvent extracts.

Hepatoprotective activity of Cynodon dactylon leaf extract against rifampicin- induced liver damage in albino rats

Liver plays an important role in maintaining the biological equilibrium of vertebrates. Liver diseases are a major worldwide health problem with high endemicity in developing countries. They are mainly caused by chemicals and some drugs when taken in very high doses. Despite advances in modern medicine, there is no effective drug available that stimulates liver function, offer protection to the liver from damage or help to regenerate hepatic cells. There is urgent need, therefore, for effective drugs to replace/supplement those in current use. The plant kingdom is undoubtedly valuable as a source of new medicinal agents. The main aim of any medication in the treatment of liver disorders is to prevent degeneration of hepatocytes and associated metabolic abnormalities and promote regeneration of hepatic cells. In present study the hepatoprotective activity of Cynodon dactylon extracts was evaluated in rifampicin induced liver toxicity by biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, BIT and by histopathological study. Acute administration of rifampicin produced marked elevation of the serum levels of the above parameters compared to that of the control group. Treatment with ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Cynodon dactylon leaves at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg produces significant prevention in rifampicin induced rise of the above parameters. Silymarin at 100 mg/kg body weight significantly prevented such rise in study. The effect of Cynodon dactylon leaves extracts was found possess promising hepatoprotective activity. Further studies in other species and on other parameter would throw more light on this plant.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of PAVETTA INDICA LINN leaves

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Pavetta Indica Linn leaves. Traditionally, the bark of Pavetta Indica Linn., in decoction or pulverized, is administered, especially to children, to correct visceral obstructions. The decocted leaves are used externally to alleviate the pains caused by hemorrhoids. The root, pulverized and mixed with the ginger and rice-water, is given in dropsy. A local fomentation with the leaves is useful in relieving the pain of piles. Paracetamol (PCM)- Hepatotoxin- generates free radicals and raised serum enzyme levels-SGPT, SGOT, AlkPho, S.Alb. It causes necrosis, congested vessels, multifocal area of fatty changes nuclear disintegration, sinusoidal dilation, kuffer cell hyperplasia. The reverse is considered as the index of hepatoprotective activity. To screen hepatoprotective action this study has been taken up. Materials and Methods: The acute liver damage in albino rats was induced byper oral administration of a single dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. PCMsuspension in 0.5% Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and chronic liver damage by giving the same dose of PCM on the 7th day. The hepatoprotective activity was monitored biochemically by estimating S. transaminase, S. bilirubin and S. Proteinon the 8th day of experiment. Results: Ethanol extract of P. Indica inhibited PCM induced liver toxicity in albino rats at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg b.w as assessed by the biochemical values. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of “P. Indica” exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity. Keywords: Pavetta Indica Linn, Hepatoprotective activity, Silymarin, Paracetamol, Carboxy methyl cellulose.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of active fractions of Lannea barteri Oliv. (Anarcadiaceae) in rats

IntroductionLannea barteri is used in the folkloric treatment of many disease states ranging from epilepsy, diarrhoea, oedema and ulcers, etc. This study investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of methanol (MFLB), n-hexane (nHFLB) and ethyl acetate (EFLB) leaf fractions of L. barteri and identified the active metabolites. Materials and methodsThe in vitro models used were 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and thiobarbituric acid assays while in the in vivo model, carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative liver damage in albino rats was used, and the biomarkers assayed were aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum total protein, serum direct and total bilirubin. Also, histopathological examination of the liver, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy-electrospray ionization (LC-MS-ESI) analysis of the fractions were done. ResultsIn the in vitro assays, the decreasing order of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the ascorbic acid and fractions at 400 μg/ml is as follows: ascorbic acid (86.6%), MFLB (52.8%), EFLB (36.6%), and nHFLB (28.1%). The percentage scavenging activity of the samples at 400 μg/ml in the TBA followed this pattern: ascorbic acid (117.1%), MFLB (82.2%), nHFLB (80.0%), and EFLB (46.9%). The ascorbic acid elicited highest reducing power (42.6%), followed by MFLB (22.5%), nHFLB (13.7%), and EFLB (-0.93%). The in vivo study showed significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in serum AST, ALT, and direct bilirubin with a non-significant reduction in ALP, total bilirubin and MDA, and mild elevation in total protein. Histopathological studies revealed a restorative effect on liver architecture. The phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of resins, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, reducing sugar, saponins, tannins and proteins. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of potentially bioactive compounds in L. barteri fractions. ConclusionThe fractions from L. barteri leaf possessed in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials against CCl4-hepatic oxidative damage; therefore, proper isolation and characterization of these identified bioactive compounds responsible for the observed effects are ongoing.

Hepato Effect of Argel Herb (Solenostemma argel) against Carbon Tetra Chloride Induced Liver damage in Albino Rats.

Hepato Effect of Argel Herb (Solenostemma argel) against Carbon Tetra Chloride Induced Liver damage in Albino Rats.

In vivo Antioxidant and Hepato-Protective Properties of Stem Bark Methanol Extract of Vitex doniana

Abstract The harmful effects that accompany the use of orthodox antioxidant medicine have necessitated the hunt for inherent antioxidants from plants extracts. In the present study, the in vivo antioxidant and hepato-protective activities of Vitex doniana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were investigated. The hepato-protective activities of the methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark were compared with Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Twenty-five (25) male albino adult rats were grouped into five (5) each. Group 1 and 2 was used as the normal and negative control respectively. Group 3-5 were treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark and 100 mg/kg Silymarin respectively. Results indicated that elevated levels of serum ALT, AST and ALB, and reduced serum SOD, GST and CAT in CCl4-hepatotoxic rats was an evidence of impairment in liver function. Administration of methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and standard control drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg) have no significant (P&gt;0.05) effect on CCl4- induced elevations of the ALT and AST levels while the reduction in albumin concentration, total proteins, SOD, GST and CAT due to CCl4 was reversed. In conclusion, Vitex doniana exhibited significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in CCL4 induced liver damage in rat, and thus could be used and incorporated in the development of new and effective antioxidant drugs.

Effects of methanolic tuber extract of Cyperus esculentus Linn (tiger nuts) on sub-acute liver damage in albino rats

This study evaluated the effects of Cyperus esculentus methanolic tuber extract (CEME) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced sub-acute liver damage in albino rats. Dried tubers of C. esculentus were pulverized and extracted by cold maceration, using 80% methanol. Thirty albino rats, randomly assigned to 6 groups (A–F) of 5 each were used for the study. Sub-acute liver damage was induced in Groups A-E rats using intra-peritoneal injections of CCl4. Group A was treated with distilled water placebo, while Groups B, C and D were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg CEME, respectively. Group E was treated with 100 mg/kg Silymarin and Group F was also given distilled water placebo. Treatment was done orally for 15 days, after which hepatocellular integrity and liver function were evaluated. Results showed that treatment with CEME (at all doses) led to significantly lower (p<0.05) serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, bilirubin levels and relative liver weight of the CEME-treated groups, when compared to Group A rats. It was concluded that administration of CEME as used in the study led to significant protection of hepatocellular integrity, enhancement of hepatic excretion of bilirubin and amelioration of CCl4-induced inflammatory enlargement of the liver. Key words: Cyperus esculentus, methanolic tuber extract, hepatoprotection, liver damage.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Pavetta Indica Linn leaves

Background: Traditionally, the bark of Pavetta Indica Linn., in decoction or pulverized, is administered, especially to children, to correct visceral obstructions. The decocted leaves are used externally to alleviate the pains caused by hemorrhoids. The root, pulverized and mixed with the ginger and rice-water, is given in dropsy. A local fomentation with the leaves is useful in relieving the pain of piles. Paracetamol (PCM) toxicity generates free radicals and raised serum enzyme levels-SGPT, SGOT, Alkaline Phosphatase and S. Albumin. It causes necrosis, congested vessels, multifocal area of fatty changes nuclear disintegration, sinusoidal dilation, kuffer cell hyperplasia. The reverse is considered as the index of hepatoprotective activity. The present study is being taken up to screen hepatoprotective action of P. Indica Linn.Methods: The acute liver damage in albino rats was induced by per oral administration of a single dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. PCM suspension in 0.5% Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and chronic liver damage by giving the same dose of PCM on the 7th day. The hepatoprotective activity was monitored biochemically by estimating S. transaminase, S. bilirubin and S. Protein on the 8th day of experiment.Results: Ethanol extract of P. Indica inhibited PCM induced liver toxicity in albino rats at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg b.w as assessed by the biochemical values.Conclusions: Ethanol extract of “P. Indica” exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity.

Hepatoprotective effect of Quail egg against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage in albino rats

Introduction: Quail egg has been used traditionally in the treatment of many ailments. Despite the wide speculations of its involvement in the treatment of liver diseases, very little scientific evidence exist to support this claim. This work investigated the hepatoprotective effect of quail egg against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) induced liver damage in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into five groups of five rats per group. Animals of group A (positive control) were fed with vehicle (distilled water) on the first four days and with vehicle and CCl 4 on the fifth, sixth and seventh day. Animals of group B (negative control) were given only vehicle for seven days. Animals of groups C, D and E were respectively administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of quail egg for the first four days and with vehicle, quail egg and CCl 4 for the fifth, sixth and seventh day. Animals were subsequently anaesthetized, and blood samples were taken for the estimation of albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP) and bilirubin. The liver was isolated for histopathological studies. Results: The levels of ALT, ALP and TP were significantly affected (p < 0.05) in CCl 4 fed groups, indicating liver injury. The effects were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) after treatment of rats with quail egg. Furthermore, histopathological studies of the liver tissues also supported the hepatoprotective activity of quail egg- photomicrographs of treated groups showed mild reduction in vacuolarisation/ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes. Conclusion: Quail egg showed some potentials of protecting the liver from damage by stabilising the levels of ALP, ALT and TP and reducing the degeneration of the hepatocytes. Thus, this finding has provided information that suggests utilising quail egg for treatment of liver dysfunction.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FICUS MOLLIS ON PARACETAMOL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN ALBINO RATS

The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Ficus mollis stem bark against paracetamol induced liver damage in Albino rats. The alcoholic extract of stem bark of Ficus mollis ( 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (3 g /kg). Silymarin (25 mg/kg) was given as reference standard. All the test drugs were administered orally by suspending in 0.5 % Carboxy methyl cell ulose solution. The plant extract was effective in protecting the liver against the injury induced by paracetamol in rats. Th is was evident from significant reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkali ne phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin. It was concluded from the result that the alcoholic extract of F. mollis stem bark possesses hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity

Hepatoprotective effect of Alchornea cordifolia leaf on liver damage in albino rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The dry leaf of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) is used, in traditional medicine in the S Nigeria, for the preparation of blood tonic, remedies for urinary, respiratory, liver and gas intestinal disorders. Aim of the study: This study investigated the protective property of AC leaf against liver damage in animals with a view to exploring its use for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in humans. Material and methods: Ethanol extract of A. cordifolia was used to study the hepatoprotective activity in acetaminophen-induced Albino rats (150-200g). Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (Acetaminophen 2g/kg treated) group, Groups 3 and 4 served as positive control (Vitamin E and Curcumin 100 mg/kg bw respectively) groups, and Groups 5-8 served as (200-500mg/kg bw) AC leaf extract treated groups while Group 9 served as normal group (AC extract only 300 mg/kg bw). Results: The hepatotoxic group showed hepatocytic necrosis, cellular infiltration and inflammation in the liver. The treatment group restored the liver cells to their normal lobular architecture in a dose dependent manner. The protection offered by the plant extract compared well with the standard antioxidant agents (Curcumin and Vitamin E). Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were detected in the phytochemical screening. Conclusion: Our findings suggest Alchornea cordifolia ethanol leaf extract as promising herpatoprotective herb and give credence to the folkloric use of this plant for the treatment of liver problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10473Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 217-221

English

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats. Methods: A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into six groups. (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four rats each in a group, Rats in Group A served as control and were given water and feeds only. Rats in Group B were given 100mg/kg of aspirin only, 100mg/kg of aspirin was administered to rats in Group C and 1.0ml of Aloe vera was administered to rats in Group D, rats in Group E were administered Aloe vera extract only while rats in Group F were administered with 100mg/kg of aspirin, 1.0ml of Aloe vera and 1.0ml of honey. The administration was done orally. Results: The results showed significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the PCV and haemoglobin level of test groups compared with the control. Groups treated with aspirin had the highest WBC count of 5.83&times; 103 (&plusmn;0.03) while the control group had the lowest WBC count of 2.7&times; 103 (&plusmn;0.03). Histopathological findings indicate severe dilation of blood vessel, necrosis of vascular connective tissues, wide spread vacuolar degeneration, edema and bile duct hyperplasia. The study revealed that honey and Aloe vera extract had hepato protective and hepato curative effects. Keywords: Honey, Aloe vera, Aspirin, Hepatotoxic, Liver.

Virgin coconut oil protects against liver damage in albino rats challenged with the anti-folate combination, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. However, its use is associated with toxic reactions. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), derived from coconut, has been widely used throughout history for its medicinal value. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial actions of VCO against TMP-SMX-induced alterations in serum biochemical end points. Twenty rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (control) received no drug, whereas group 2 received TMP-SMX (8/40 mg/kg) twice daily for 7 days. Group 3 was administered coconut oil at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight per day. The last group was treated with TMP-SMX (8/40 mg/kg) and coconut oil (600 mg/kg) simultaneously. Blood samples were collected from all groups on the 8th day of the experiment for measurement of serum biochemical parameters. Organ weights and coefficients were also evaluated. TMP-SMX caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of serum total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase by 192%, 67%, and 41%, respectively, relative to controls. This was followed by a significant reduction in triglyceride and relative kidney weight by 40% and 7%, respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the activities of serum aminotransferases, total acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, and urea levels. Supplementation of VCO ameliorated TMP-SMX-induced effects by restoring the levels of total bilirubin, alkaline phospahatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The results of this study demonstrate that the active components of coconut oil had protective effects against the toxic effects induced by TMP-SMX administration, especially in the liver of rats.