Livelihood Of Fishermen Research Articles

Climate Change Adaptation and Economic Vulnerability of Small Scale Fishermen in the Spermonde Islands, Indonesia

The general objectives of the research are: 1) To investigates the economic hardships faced by fishermen households in the Spermonde Islands due to climate change., and 2) To examine the adoption of diversified livelihoods as a tactic for confronting and adjusting to climate change among fishermen in the Spermonde Islands. Meanwhile, the specific objectives of the research are: 1) Calculating the economic vulnerability of fishermen to climate change, 2) Determining the adaptive capacity index (ACI), 3) Determining possible scenarios taken by fishermen in making decisions related to the impact of climate change on fishermen's income and 4) Determine co-development scenarios for adaptation to climate change. The research method uses in-depth interviews with small-scale fishermen on four islands in Makassar City (Barrang Lompo Island and Kodingareng Lompo) and Pangkep Regency (Ballang Lompo and Badi Islands) and data analysis to understand the impact of climate change on fishermen's livelihoods and the factors that influence vulnerability. their economy. The research results show that fishermen in the Spermonde Islands face various challenges due to climate change, including increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather, changes in seasonal patterns, and rising sea levels. This impact negatively impacts their production and income, and threatens the sustainability of their livelihoods. A factor that most influenced the economic vulnerability of fishing households in the Spermonde Archipelago was the existence an alternative income for a fishermen.

Electric Boat Propulsion with IPM BLDC Motors: Performance and Efficiency Analysis

Air pollution, particularly the presence of PM2.5 particles, remains a global health concern. While Indonesia exhibits lower PM2.5 levels than the global average, vehicular emissions significantly contribute to air pollution. In light of environmental and health considerations, adopting eco-friendly electric motors, mainly interior permanent magnet brushless direct current (IPM BLDC) motors, represents a promising solution for cleaner and more efficient boat propulsion systems, benefiting both the environment and the livelihoods of fishermen. This study thoroughly examines the efficiency and performance of IPM BLDC motors in boat propulsion, utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) through ANSYS Maxwell. The FEA simulations in ANSYS Maxwell were tailored to focus on crucial design variables such as motor torque, speed, and thermal management. It aimed to ensure that the motor specifications meet electric boats’ operational needs in fishing and search operations. Notably, at the desired speed of 5,000 rpm, the motor achieved a torque of 15 Nm with a cogging torque of just 7% and maintained an average efficiency of 89%. Significantly, it operated at a safe temperature without requiring additional cooling systems. Furthermore, simulation outcomes suggested that the motor could effectively function at higher speeds, specifically 6,300 rpm, presenting an exciting opportunity to enhance boat propulsion systems through increased motor speed.

Livelihood Assets Analysis of Freshwater Stingray Fishermen in Musi River, Palembang City, South Sumatera

Freshwater stingrays play a crucial role in the ecological and economic functions of the Musi River. Their existence in the Musi River is threatened by both natural and human factors. The livelihoods of fishermen in the Musi River depends on the sale of freshwater stingrays. This study aims to analyze the livelihood assets of freshwater stingray fishermen and their relation to natural, human, financial, physical, and social aspects. The research was conducted from February 2023 to March 2023 in the district of Seberang Ulu II, Plaju, Kertapati, and Gandus in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province. Livelihood asset analysis was performed using the livelihood asset method. The results indicate that the livelihood assets of fishermen in these districts have a moderate sustainability status, ranging from 0.48 to 0.50. Physical and natural assets have the lowest sustainability status index, averaging 0.31 across the four districts. Social assets in the four districts have the highest sustainability status index, averaging 0.88. These scores demonstrate the dependence of fishermen's livelihoods on the assets they possess. Recommendations from this study include the need to enhance financial and capital assets to reduce the sale of freshwater stingrays.

Optimalisasi Hasil Tangkap Rajungan Masyarakat Kampung Rajungan sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kecamatan Paciran Kabupaten Lamongan

Paciran Village is renowned for its marine produce, one of which is the blue swimmer crab. Many villagers in Paciran work as blue swimmer crab fishermen. Consequently, the village is known as "crab village." In recent months, many of the blue swimmer crabs caught by fishermen have not met the standards required for export, leading to a decline in income for the crab fishermen. This decline has directly impacted the well-being of the fishermen's families. In light of this situation, researchers were interested in providing assistance to the blue swimmer crab fishermen of Paciran. The main focus of this community engagement included understanding the conditions of the crab fishermen in the village, developing a model and strategy to assist in finding solutions to the issues faced by the crab fishermen, assessing the impact of this assistance on the sustainability of the crab fishermen's livelihoods. The objectives of this community engagement were to comprehend the situation of the crab fishermen in the village, determine and implement suitable models and strategies to address the issues faced by the crab fishermen, enhance the resilience of the crab fishermen's livelihoods and produce marketable products at competitive prices. The methodology employed in this engagement was Community-Based Research (CBR). This engagement revealed that the fishermen's knowledge regarding matters related to blue swimmer crabs improved. Also, sustainable fishing techniques were implemented, and income for the crab fishermen increased. Besides, better understanding of regulations concerning fisheries and marine life was achieved, and negative impacts on the marine environment were reduced. It suggested that effective and sustainable assistance for the crab fishermen can yield long-term benefits.

Development model for empowerment of Demak Coastal fishermen community through product re-branding

Coastal Demak has a wealth of potential coastal resources because the condition of the Demak coastal area through mapping the potential of capture fisheries reaches 840 tons, and production fisheries reach 1,166 tons. In other aspects, there are conditions of changes in the coastline of accretion and abrasion that affect population activities followed by rob. The majority of the population activities in the Demak coastal area are in the fisheries sector, which, based on the analysis of the typology of the community, the population has a livelihood of fishermen and shrimp paste makers. The main ingredient of shrimp paste is easy to obtain, but shrimp paste makers need help in terms of product innovation and marketing. So, the empowerment of Demak coastal fishing communities needs to be done, one of which is through product branding strategies. The objectives of this research include 1) mapping the potential of coastal Demak; 2) identifying constraints in its development, and 3) finding a suitable empowerment model to improve the economic welfare of the community. Data collection methods include field surveys, structured interviews, and literature studies. Then, the data was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach with SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and mapping. The results showed that: 1) This area is experiencing abrasion; in the morning, the tide reaches a depth of 0.46 - 0.53 meters on the road. The mapping of coastal resources has two forms, namely in the form of aquaculture ponds and marine catches in the high seas, which 5,694 fishermen cultivate; 2) Mobilizing shrimp paste makers to expand market reach by using packaging that is easy to store and prioritizes the principles of hygiene; 3) The development of the Community Empowerment Model based on the results of the SWOT analysis in this study is in Quadrant 1, namely expansion using strengths by utilizing high market demand.

Vulnerability and Resilience: The Impact of Climate Change on the livelihood of Fishermen's Communities in Puri Odisha

Vulnerability and Resilience: The Impact of Climate Change on the livelihood of Fishermen's Communities in Puri Odisha

Socio-economic appraisal of fish sanctuary on livelihood of fishermen in Chikadubi beel of Dingapota Haor, Netrokona, Bangladesh

The investigation was conducted on the livelihood status of fishers of Chikadubi beel in Dingaputa haor, Netrokona district of Bangladesh for a period of 6 months from August 2020 to December 2020. A total 50 fishers were randomly selected and data were collected from them through direct interview. Focus group discussions were carried out by a previously made checklist. The results showed that the annual income of fishermen varied from BDT 30000 (270.79 USD) to BDT 70000 (631.85 USD). Maximum (58%) fishers were low-income levels from BDT 30000 (270.79 USD) to BDT 40000 (361.05 USD) and trying to shift their professions to other subsidiary professions. Among them 66% of the respondents indicated that this sanctuary is very effective in improving socio-economic status of the fishers. Relatively middle age group (31 to 40 years) dominated in all study areas. Muslim fishermen are the most dominant in the study area. 68% of the fishers live with nuclear families. The highest percentage (62%) fishers can sign only due to economic crisis and lack of awareness about education, (24%) having Primary level education, (14%) have no education as the children dropped out from school before completing their primary education. Housing and sanitation conditions of the fishermen were not well developed. Based on various livelihood parameters, fishermen are leading very poor state of lives. Sanctuary establishment and Community based aquatic resource management strategies may be undertaken with a view to enhance fish production to improve the livelihood condition of the fishers dwelling in the Chikadubi beel area of Dingaputa haor in Bangladesh.

Fishermen's community livelihood and socio-economic constraints in coastal areas: An exploratory analysis

The growing interest in alternative employment amongst Bangladeshi fishermen indicates a shift from river fishing. However, a greater willingness is required to encourage river-based fishing, hindered by factors like fish level reduction, water pollution, natural disasters, unfair market prices, and market control by brokers. This challenges fishermen's families, struggling amidst rising prices of essential commodities. The current study aims to evaluate the socio-economic constraints and livelihood of fishermen in the Karnaphuli, Jalkhadar, and Meghna River two Upazila from August 2022 to May 2023. River challenges have reduced fishermen's income, necessitating aid in income, fish sales, market prices, syndicate issues, and natural calamities. Data from these selected river locations were collected through surveys and interviews. We collected 100 respondents' data. Bangladesh has a total number of fishermen of 1,733,328 in 64 districts. amongst them, 97 % are male fishermen, and 3 % of females are connected with fishermen's lives. Of these respondents, 34 % were female, and 66 % the male of the total. Even 66 % of the total respondents had nuclear family status. This study uses Cronbach's Alpha acceptable reliability α=0.95 and findings that fishermen's income is falling daily. In this coastal region, fishermen are considering changing their profession due to various barriers. Hindrances to accessing fish markets include restrictions, inadequate social amenities, and health and education challenges. However, fishermen propose solutions, urging NGOs and governments to establish educational, medical, and social facilities in coastal and rural areas. They emphasize that government support for the economy and the enforcement of fish legislation are vital for enhancing income levels.

Does the pandemic disrupt the livelihoods of marine fishermen? Evidence from Kerala during the pre- and post-lockdown periods of Covid-19

Purpose This paper aims to determine the implications of Covid-19 on the livelihood of marine fishermen. It gives a concrete picture of how vulnerable communities like marine fishermen are affected due to the lockdown policies. The paper examines these communities' present status and the extent of vulnerability during the post-Covid period.Design/methodology/approach The study uses an exploratory research design to find the solution to the research problem. 298 samples were collected and analysed within a sustainable livelihood theoretical framework. The scope of the study is limited to marine fishermen in Kerala, residing in six districts out of the nine coastal districts. The impact of the lockdown on income was analysed using paired t-test and results linked with the theory.Findings The study has done an empirical analysis for three periods: before lockdown, lockdown and after lockdown, to identify the impact of lockdown on marine fishermen. The study's significant findings are that these fishermen's livelihood is at risk during the post-lockdown period, and many families are moving into a “debt-trap”.Research limitations/implications Policymakers can develop appropriate policy strategies to enhance the livelihood assets of vulnerable communities to include them in a sustainable framework.Originality/value Only a few studies are highlighting the impact of Covid-19 on vulnerable communities in India. The effects of climate change on the marine ecosystem are already endangering marine fisher folks' livelihoods. In this light, it is vital to study the extent of the impact of income shock on the livelihood assets of marine fishermen due to the lockdown policy implemented in the State to prevent the spread of Covid-19.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2023-0192

The Effects of Oil Rig Decommissioning on the Livelihoods of Fishermen: Lessons from the Saltpond Oil and Gas Field, Ghana

The Effects of Oil Rig Decommissioning on the Livelihoods of Fishermen: Lessons from the Saltpond Oil and Gas Field, Ghana

Availability and access to Livelihood capital assets for development of sustainable Livelihood strategies of fishermen: A case study of Manchar Lake Pakistan

In developing nations with an abundance of natural water resources, fishing is a major source of income. When distributing resources between fisheries and other sectors, and preserving competitiveness in the fisheries industry, access to livelihood assets continues to be a key factor. However, vulnerability of livelihood assets and other economic and social variables have been severely affecting fishermen's livelihood. This article examines livelihood income vulnerability in the context of capital assets and the effects on local fishermen's livelihood and well-being. A survey sample size of 532 rural households based on a descriptive research design was used. Financial capital, human capital, social capital, and natural capital all made an enormous contribution to the earnings of fishermen and household heads in the Manchar Lake basin. The use of multiple regression analysis enabled new insights into how the livelihood assets characteristics affected their household income choices. The main objective of this investigation is to see whether access of livelihood capital assets affect local fishermen's livelihood income in the Manchar Lake basin. In the coastal belt of the Manchar Lake basin, resource acquisition plays a critical role in eradicating poverty. For the fishermen in the Manchar Lake basin, the current regime could further prioritize investing in fish trading infrastructure and improving essential facilities like social networks, education, skillsets, improved technology, and credit facilities in order to raise the livelihood income of fishermen and either reduce or alleviate poverty. These findings provide insight into fishermen's entry and exit for those who are planning livelihood shifts, and offer recommendations on how to overcome the constraints faced by the fisheries industry. Furthermore, insight into livelihood sustainability in order to improve the quality of life and income of fishermen domestically and nationally is also suggested.

A Concept of Open-Closed Season Approach for Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) Management on the North Coast of Java

The open-closed season approach has not been widely used in fisheries management in Indonesia, including blue swimming crab (BSC) fisheries that created ecological and economic balance. This research aims to illustrate the characteristics of BSC fishers, examine the application of the concept of the open-closed season in blue swimming crab fisheries, and predict the sustainability of fishermen's livelihoods. Data collection was conducted in 2020 and 2022 in four regencies: Rembang, Demak, Cirebon, and Lampung. However, Lampung is excluded in 2022. The primary data were obtained from structured questionnaires sent to 520 fishermen and 63 mini plants and collectors, then analysed by descriptive analysis, Likert scale, and business sustainability index. The findings showed that blue swimming crab fishing characteristics at four research sites showed different conditions. Working as fishermen cannot contribute sufficiently to improving the household economy. The factor influencing the blue swimming crab fishing business is the size of the fishing boats. The open-closed season (OCS) policy is worthy of short-term goals consisting of fishermen's welfare and business justice in business actors and long-term goals, namely the sustainability of blue swimming crabs. Institutional schemes are proposed for the OCS model to maintain the sustainability of resources and businesses.

Research on the game of fishermen's cooperative behavior in developing marine carbon sink fisheries from a complex network perspective

The development of marine carbon sink fisheries is both an important support to achieve the goal of net zero emissions as well as a hot topic concerning the livelihood of fishermen. Although it has been shown that there is great potential for carbon sinks in terms of environmental benefits, the lack of economic benefits in the short term is a hindrance that prevents marine carbon sink fisheries from being accepted by practitioners, especially fishermen groups. There is need to stimulate fishermen's enthusiasm for cooperative development of marine carbon sink fisheries and to promote marine carbon sink fisheries in order to achieve high efficiency and effectiveness. This paper adopts a complex network evolutionary game, based on the assumptions of WS small-world model on social network relationships, focuses on fishermen groups, and explores the dynamic evolutionary law of cooperative behavior diffusion in development of marine carbon sink fisheries. The results of the study show that (1) the government can accelerate the diffusion of cooperative behavior in the pre-development stage of marine carbon sink fisheries through subsidies, supplemented by certain punishments to curb the betrayal behavior, with the strength of the rewards and punishments dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the risks of implementation of marine carbon sink fisheries. (2) In the long term, higher value of marine carbon sink fisheries and their derived products is the essential demand of fishermen, which can effectively improve the depth of diffusion of fishermen's cooperation in developing marine carbon sink fisheries. (3) To avoid the spread of betrayal in the later stages of marine carbon sink fisheries development, the government can gradually reduce production subsidies and convert them into environmental subsidies in the sale process.

Manifestation of the batang banyu concept as a community communication experience

The existence of a unique concept of a river has significantly shaped the Banjarese community's relationship with it. This unique perspective, known as "Batang Banyu," portrays the river as a revered and integral aspect of their existence. The core objective of this research lies in comprehending the embodiment of the Batang Banyu concept within the regions of Martapura, Nagara, and Panggang in South Kalimantan. The research adopts a phenomenological approach, utilising an interpretive qualitative method to achieve this. The primary data is gathered through rigorous field observations and in-depth interviews with local inhabitants. The study's outcomes unveil that the Batang Banyu concept has evolved into a communicative experience, endowing the community with profound significance for the river. This significance finds manifestation in four fundamental aspects: first and foremost, the river serves as a livelihood for fishermen; secondly, it supports various livelihood-related endeavours; thirdly, it plays a crucial role in constructing homes; and lastly, it serves as a means of transportation. Remarkably, among the communities residing along the banks of the Nagara River and Panggang Lake, the Batang Banyu concept remains firmly entrenched. Conversely, for the people residing along the Martapura River, the Batang Banyu concept has been discarded, resulting in the unfortunate neglect and pollution of the Martapura River due to the accumulation of vast amounts of garbage.

Assessment of socio-economic status of the Kolar River fisher communities in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, India

Fisheries play an important role in supporting livelihoods and providing food for over one billion people around the world. The study aims to better understand fishermen's livelihood patterns in the Kolar River basin, a tributary of the Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh, India. The current study was conducted from September 2020 to June 2022 to assess the livelihood status of the traditional fishing community of the Kolar River adjacent to the Bhopal region. During the study period, data were collected from 14 villages as well as Veerpur, Amdoh, Lawakhadi, Jholiyapur, Jharpipli, Lohapathar, Magarpath, Saras, Dabri, Balondiya, Bawadia, Khaamkhera, Sallikhera, and Jivantal near the Kolar River stretch via a well-structured questionnaire survey. A total of 200 fishermen were chosen at random to be interviewed. The findings of the study revealed some fascinating information. The majority of the fishermen ranged in age from 24 to 55, with 70% being joint and 30% nuclear. Almost 71% of the fishermen were illiterate, relying on the village government school and hospital (which served as a secondary school for the rest of the population). To catch fish, they use trap gill nets and cast nets. According to the investigation, the majority of the houses (65%) were Kaccha, with Pakka houses housing 27% of the people. It was discovered that fish farmers were dealing with a variety of issues, including social, economic, and technical issues.

Fishermen's Livelihood Adaptation in Response to Climate Change: An Empirical Study on South-Western Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

This study aimed to understand the livelihood status of the fishery-dependent communities in the South- Western coast of Bangladesh and their livelihood adaptation in response to climate change. The study was carried out in two villages of Dacope upazila in Khulna District. Data were collected from a purposively drawn sample of 60 fisher’s households through household interviews, key informants’ interviews, and transect walk as well as from secondary sources. The adverse climatic variability influences all the livelihood capitals and strategies of fishing communities. Most households have lower access to sanitation, market transportation, health facilities, GO, and NGO services during the adverse climatic situation. Increased levels of cyclones and floods result in greater damage to fishing equipment, livelihood assets, and lower level of fish catch. Income generation from fisheries-related activities is reducing gradually which affects the livelihoods of the fishers. The study has identified four different practices of adaptation to climate change by those fishing communities where about 71.67% adopted livelihood diversification. To cope with the changing climate and variability most of the fishing households (95%) have taken multiple adaptation strategies while the rest (5%) did not. The fishermen are exploited financially by the local credit facility provider. Diversification of livelihoods included agriculture (23.26%), fish trading (2.33%), fish farming (18.60%), and other different types of diversification found in the study area due to climate impacts but not always sufficiently fruitful. This situation may worsen over the next few decades and an improved level of responsiveness would be required.
 Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 337-351

Aquaculture Bacterial Pathogens

A significant part of Indian food production involves fisheries and aquaculture, which contribute to agricultural exports and employ around fourteen million people. Since independence, the nation has consistently increased fish production as a result of its vast aquatic resources. A total of 6.3 percent of world fish production comes from the industry, which contributes 1.1 percent to GDP and 5.15 percent to agricultural GDP. A total of 10.07 million metric tons of fish are produced in the inland sector, and around 65 percent are produced in the cultural sector. Increasing fish diseases have slowed aquaculture production and product trade in India, threatening fishermen's livelihoods. Infections can be caused by a number of factors, including low physicochemical and microbiological quality of culture water, high stocking density, and poor nutrition. It is possible for seed fish and adults to become deformed and die from exposure to pollution and suspended particles. As a result of different opportunistic bacterial infections and parasites, the fish industry suffers a significant loss in mortality and morbidity, decreased growth, and increased chemical control and prevention costs.

Livelihood sustainability of small-scale fishermen in depok beach, special region of yogyakarta

Marine fisheries activities on the southern coast of Special Region of Yogyakarta province, especially in the Depok Beach area, has gradually developed. Small-scale fishermen as a group of people classified as poor rely on livelihood assets accessible by them. Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) is used to enhance understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. This research aims to analyze the livelihood level of small-scale fishermen at Depok Beach in 2020. The methods used in this research are quantitative descriptive analysis to determine the level of sustainability and spatial analysis by dividing the study area into three radii, i.e. 0-500 meters, 500-1000 meters, 1000-1500 meters, and beyond 1500 meters from the coast. Fishers living in 0-500 meters, 500-1000 meters, 1000-1500 meters, and beyond 1500 meters from the coastline, in general, had a high level of assets, meaning that the natural resources (fish stocks) are not depleting, financial condition is sufficient, the infrastructure available is adequate, majority of fishers attended formal education and are members of fishing societies or another social group. Overall, based on the calculation of the average score, livelihood of fishermen in Depok Beach are considered sustainable.

Impact of single-use plastic on local communities in India

Single-use plastics are the kind of plastics that are utilised once prior to being disposed of or recycled. Plastic bags, straws, coffee stirrers, soda and water bottles, and the majority of food packaging are examples of such materials. This plastic is then often disposed of in rivers and larger water bodies. Plastic pollution will have a disastrous impact on marine ecosystems and wildlife for many generations to follow. One of the coastal local communities that largely relies on the sea and the coast is the fishing community. Single-use plastic has extremely detrimental effects on the environment, including harm to marine life, a reduction in the quality of seawater, a decline in the livelihood of fishermen, and unfriendly consequences for their possibilities of survival. Henceforth, the need of the hour is to address the issue of the impact of single-use plastic on the local communities. Likewise, the paper intends to break down the issue exhaustively and set forth suggestions to handle the issue at hand.' This paper intends to investigate the manufacture, use, and disposal of single-use plastics, as well as the stakeholders involved in this industry. Further, the paper likewise expects to analyse how these concerns are tackled in different countries, especially those with socioeconomic and geographic similarities to India. Lastly, this research paper suggests certain actionable recommendations that are deemed necessary to help resolve the plastic problem in India.

Impacts of Policy-Driven Transformation in the Livelihoods of Fishermen on Agricultural Landscape Patterns: A Case Study of a Fishing Village, Island of Poyang Lake

The agricultural landscape patterns of fishing village have undergone visible transformations in recent decades. Scholars pay less attention to fishermen with diverse livelihoods. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the changing characteristics of fishermen’ livelihoods and agricultural landscape patterns under different policy periods. We use in-depth interviews, remote sensing technology, and mathematical analysis to systematically study the changes in fishermen’s livelihoods and in agricultural landscape patterns in a typical fishing village. The results show that policy have profoundly affected fishermen’ livelihoods. Livelihood transformation have altered local land use practices, which had a direct impact on agricultural landscape patterns. The livelihood of fishermen has changed from diverse to single, and their cropping structure were gradually becoming simpler and more specialised. After grazing ban and comprehensive fishing ban, many fishermen migrated to towns and cities, it accelerated the loss of population in the fishing village, which caused the amount of abandoned land increasingly. Left-behind fishermen became rice farmers by contracting abandoned paddy fields. The expanses of abandoned land and bamboo woodland had increased, which caused agricultural landscape patterns gradually becoming fragmented, heterogeneous and complex.