Live Pasteurella Multocida Vaccine Research Articles

Differentiating Vaccine-Related Fowl Cholera from Naturally Occurring Disease.

Vaccine-related fowl cholera must be considered when flock mortality increases after use of a live Pasteurella multocida vaccine product. All registered live vaccines serotype as Heddleston 3,4; however, in some regions this is also the most common serotype of outbreak isolates in broiler breeders and turkeys. Therefore, serotyping may not be useful for diagnosing vaccine-related fowl cholera. This project sought to apply a vaccine-specific test to differentiate vaccine-related disease from naturally occurring outbreaks. Results indicate that vaccine strains were commonly isolated from broiler breeders exhibiting signs of fowl cholera postvaccination, but some of these isolates exhibited only serotype 4 antigenicity. The isolates' lipopolysaccharides, the target antigen for serotyping, contained compositional changes that may explain the varying serotype results and virulence of the commercial preparations. These results suggest that vaccine-related disease may be common in broiler breeders, and live commercial vaccine preparations need to be assessed for serotype and titer prior to use in order to reduce vaccine-related fowl cholera.

Vaccination of young turkeys against fowl cholera

Turkey poults vaccinated at one day of age with commercial inactivated Pasteurella multocida (PM) bacterin responded with low titres of antibody (ab) as measured by ELISA, but had an acceptable degree of resistance when challenged with the X-73 strain of PM until 13 weeks of age. Turkeys vaccinated at 3 and/or 6 weeks of age responded with higher ab titres and were resistant to virulent challenge with PM. Turkey poults vaccinated at 3 and/or 6 weeks of age with a commercial live PM vaccine had a poor immune response and low resistance to virulent challenge. When live PM vaccine was given to turkey poults previously vaccinated with an oil-emulsion PM bacterin, the turkey poults were highly resistant to virulent challenge, although the booster vaccination did not always induce a significant increase in the ab titres. The ELISA test used did not appear to be adequate for evaluation of the degree of protection induced in turkey flocks vaccinated at a very young age.

Efficacy of a live Pasteurella multocida vaccine for the prevention of experimentally induced bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

Seventeen Holstein-Friesian calves weighing an average of 139.8 ± 13.5 (mean ± standard deviation) kg were used in a study to determine the efficacy of a live vaccine containing of Pasteurella multocida A:3 and Pasteurella haemolytica A:1. Eleven calves received the vaccine by intramuscular injection in the right shoulder, whereas six calves received vaccine diluent and served as non-vaccinated controls. Fourteen days following vaccination (Day 15) all calves were inoculated deep intranasally with 3.6 × 10 7 TCID 50 bovine herpes virus-1. On Day 16, calves were stressed by transports, and on Day 17 calves were challenged intratracheally with P. multocida A:3. On Day 22 calves were euthanized and necropsied, and tissues were collected for pathological and microbiological evaluations. Scores were assigned to each calf based on the severity of observed clinical signs. Macroscopic lung lesions were expressed as percentage of tissue involved relative to the total lung tissue of a calf. Plasma fibrinogen concentration, rectal temperature, serum antibody level, microscopic appearance of lung, and microbiologic results were also recorded for analyses. The control calves had significantly higher clinical-sign scores ( P < 0.05) and more severe gross lesions ( P < 0.05) than the vaccinated calves. Although the vaccinated calves had a slight increase of immunoglobulins M and G classes, the differences were not statistically significant ( P < 0.05, P > 0.05). The results of the study indicate that the live Pasteurella vaccine is effective against experimental P. multocida infection in calves.

Fowl Cholera: Influence of Bordetella avium on Vaccinal Immunity of Turkeys to Pasteurella multocida

Turkeys exposed to Bordetella avium were vaccinated against fowl cholera with live Pasteurella multocida vaccine. Previous exposure to B. avium resulted in impairment of systemic immunity conferred by the vaccine: 86% of the vaccinated turkeys exposed to B. avium at 1 day old developed lesions or died of fowl cholera after challenge at 15 weeks old with virulent P. multocida. Of vaccinated turkeys not previously exposed to B. avium, only 26% had lesions or died of fowl cholera.

Comparison of Attenuated Live Pasteurella multocida Vaccine Given in the Drinking Water Every Two Weeks to an Injected Oil-Base Bacterin Administered to Turkeys

HARSCHFIELD (1965) has reviewed the literature with reference to immunization against fowl cholera. His only reference to a living vaccine was Pasteur’s attenuated fowl cholera vaccine. Hayden (1914) produced immunity against Pasteurella multocida in rabbits, chickens, and pigeons by injecting an avirulent live P. multocida vaccine. Sinha et al. (1957) found that a living avirulent mouse strain of P. multocida was a better immunizing agent than heat-killed strains. Ose et al. (1963) reported on the use of an avirulent oral live erysipelas vaccine for use in swine; this type vaccine is presently produced commercially. Bain (1963), referring to pasteurellosis in cattle, has suggested that with improved methods of technology, living attenuated vaccines may become the main method of prophylaxsis in the future. Heddleston and Rebers (1968) have reported that active immunity was induced in chickens and turkeys by oral administration of a killed P. multocida vaccine. Bierer and Eleazer (1968)…

Comparison of a Live Drinking Water Vaccine for Fowl Cholera in Turkeys to a Killed Drinking Water Vaccine and to Five Injected Commercial Bacterins

BIERER and Eleazer (1968) and Bierer Scott (1968) reported that either continuous use or use once every 2 weeks of an attenuated live Pasteurella multocida vaccine in the drinking water conferred a significant degree of immunity against fowl cholera disease in turkeys. Heddleston and Rebers (1968) reported that active immunity was induced in chicks and turkeys by oral administration of a killed P. multocida vaccine.This experiment was undertaken to determine whether an attenuated killed drinking water vaccine would confer a similar degree of immunity as the same attenuated drinking water vaccine, but unkilled. Also, a comparison was made between the live drinking water vaccine and five commerical injected bacterins that are in common use.MATERIALS AND METHODSFour hundred 8-week-old Broad Breasted White tom turkeys were placed in groups of 50 in each of eight experimental pens. The turkeys in pens 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were injected…