Lithium Zinc Borate Research Articles

Impact of europium oxide on structural, dielectric, and radiation-shielding properties of zinc lithium borate glasses

Impact of europium oxide on structural, dielectric, and radiation-shielding properties of zinc lithium borate glasses

FTIR, Raman spectroscopic, microstructure and neutron-particle interaction properties of Mo3+ doped cadmium zinc lithium-borate glasses

The application of different glass materials in the area of radiation shielding and charge particle attenuation has necessitated a comprehensive study of glass materials doped with special elements to examine the impact of the special element on the microstructure and shielding capabilities of resultant glass materials. In this study, the optical absorption spectra of Mo3+ doped cadmium zinc lithium borate glasses (BCZLMx) was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic methods to ascertain the suitability of BCZLMx glass microstructure to neutron and charge particle attenuation. Results show that the absorption cross-section is the dominant contributor to the total cross section for all samples, ranging from 110.9 cm−1 to 111.7 cm−1. BCZLM1 glass sample appears to be slightly more effective at removing fast neutrons from the beam while BCZLM5 glasses are effective at stopping electrons, protons, alpha particles, and carbon ions when compared to the other BCZLMx glasses samples. This implies that doping cadmium zinc lithium borate glasses with Mo3+ reduces fast and thermal neutrons shielding potential and increased charge particles interaction of the BCZLMx glass system.

Effect of Hold Time on Electrical Properties of Lithium Zinc Borate Glass Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications

Effect of Hold Time on Electrical Properties of Lithium Zinc Borate Glass Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications

Effect of Sn on Physical and Optical Properties of Lithium Zinc Borate Glasses

22.5 Li2O3-(20-x) ZnO-57.5B2O3 – xSnCl2 (x = 0, 0.5. 1) glasses were synthesized using the conventional melt quench technique. Glass composition with larger concentration of lithium oxide exhibits excellent transport properties. Introducing intermediate element like zinc into the matrix will lead towards slight modification in structure by not varying much in its intrinsic properties. Thus, incorporation of Sn as dopant into the matrix has tailored the physical and optical properties of glasses. In this study, it is interesting to note that, the density of the glass has reduced for 0.5 mol % SnCl2 in the matrix and on the contrary, the density of glass was found to be increased for the SnCl2 with 1 mol % concentration. It indicates that, there could be a possibility of slight modification in the structure of glasses which eventually leads towards tuning of the optical bandgap due to existence of Sn.

Optimized growth of LiZnBO3 monoclinic phase in lithium zinc borate glass ceramics for electrode material

Glass-ceramics (GCs) of glass composition 20ZnO.30Li2O.50B2O3 were prepared via controlled heat treatment at hold times of 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h at crystallization peak temperature (846K). The effect of the hold time of heat treatment on the physical, structural, optical, and electrochemical properties was studied. XRD study revealed the formation of a pure LiZnBO3 crystalline phase. FTIR study revealed the transformation of BO4 units to BO3 units with an increase in the time of heat treatment. Optical band gap energy has been estimated from Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy and, its values range from 3.26eV–3.36eV. Electrochemical properties were studied using Cyclic Voltammetry and compared with parent glass composition. The GC 20ZnO.30Li2O.50B2O3 heat treated for 8h exhibits the highest value of specific capacitance (∼48 mAh/gV) and energy density (∼18 J/g) indicating that it can be used as an electrode material in Li-ion batteries.

Effect of immersion liquids on physical properties of Pr3+-ions doped lithium zinc borate glasses

Our research focused on the creation of lithium zinc borate glasses that were doped with Pr3+ ions. Specifically, our study focused on the effects of substituting lithium with Pr2O3. Our x-ray diffractometer analysis indicated that the glasses were amorphous, which was as expected. We have also evaluated the impact of adding Pr2O3 using toluene and xylene immersion liquids, and we found that these liquids had unique effects on the glass properties. Furthermore, we examined density changes using the Archimedes principle and estimated physical parameters. We carefully analysed the variations in NBO that were caused by Pr2O3, and our results provide valuable insights into the structural behaviour of these glasses.

Nonlinear optical coefficients of Samarium–activated lithium zinc borate glasses in femtosecond and nanosecond regimes

Nonlinear optical coefficients of Samarium–activated lithium zinc borate glasses in femtosecond and nanosecond regimes

An insight into the transition metal dependent structural, optical, and electrical properties of dysprosium doped lithium zinc borate glasses

A glass series of Dy3+ ions doped zinc vanadium lithium borate with chemical composition xV2O5·(10-x)ZnO·30Li2O·60B2O3 (x = 0, 1, 5, 7, 9, 10) with 1.0 mol% of Dy2O3 has been synthesized by melt quench method. Efforts have been made to identify suitable optoelectronic material by studying the structural, electrical, photo-luminescence (PL), and optical characteristics of the dysprosium ions in the presence of VO2+ ions. PL emission spectra have been explored, depicting that when excited at 386 and 424 nm, the glass matrix is suitable for laser action and at 452 nm, it is apt for cool white light applications.

Noncytotoxic Dy3+ -activated glass emits cool white light for near ultraviolet-based white light-emitting diodes, visible lasers, and biomedical applications.

Using the melt quenching technique, a lithium zinc borate glass (LZB) system with trivalent dysprosium ions (Dy3+ ) was synthesized, and the luminescence and lasing properties of these materials were examined for the generation of white light. Structural investigation through X-ray diffraction revealed that the prepared glass had an amorphous nature. The optimized glass containing 0.5 Dy3+ had a direct optical band gap of 2.782 eV and an indirect optical band gap of 3.110 eV. A strong excitation band at 386 nm (6 H15/2 →4 I13/2 ) was recognized in the ultraviolet (UV) light region of its excitation spectrum. Emission bands could be seen in the photoluminescence spectrum at 659, 573, and 480 nm under the 386 nm excitation. These transitions of emission resembled electronic transitions such as (4 F9/2 →6 H11/2 ), (4 F9/2 →6 H13/2 ), and (4 F9/2 →6 H15/2 ). In a pristine glass matrix, the higher intensity ratio of yellow to blue can result in the production of white light. The optimized Dy3+ ion concentration was observed to be 0.5mol%. In addition, an analysis of lifetime decay was conducted for all synthesized glasses, and their decay trends were systematically investigated. Noticeably, we assessed the photometric parameters and found that they were close to the white light standard. Furthermore, a cytotoxicity study was carried out using lung fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines for the optimized 0.5Dy3+ -doped LZB glass and it appeared to be noncytotoxic. It is clear from the results that the noncytotoxic LZB glass doped with 0.5 Dy3+ ions could be a suggestive choice for the manufacture of white light-emitting diodes and lasers using near-UVs.

Distinctive spectroscopic features of samarium ions in the lithium zinc-borate glass

Inducing the spectral features of samarium ions (Sm3+) in a borate glass host with the required enhancements is the main challenge. Hence, transparent glass materials made of Sm-doped lithium zinc borate with high optical quality are created by the melt-quenching approach. XRD reveals the disordered structure and the amorphous character of the obtained glassy materials. The structural modifications of these glassy materials are observed via FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of samarium oxides into the borate glassy system changes the boron coordination from four-to-three. This, in turn, increases non-bridging oxygens (NBO) in the glassy network. The various physical parameters of these glassy materials are evaluated. Moreover, the ligand field characteristics and optical transitions of Sm3+-doped lithium zinc-borate glassy materials are scrutinized. The indirect bandgap energy values of these glass materials decrease with Sm2O3 additions, whereas the Urbach energies increase gradually. The refractive index values of these glasses lie between 1.20 and 1.42. The tunability of the optical spectra of the investigated glass system, afforded via the various contents of Sm3+ ions, allows the absorption edge to be disentangled from the distinguishing optical transitions of Sm3+ ions. Prominent spectroscopic features of the results suggest the Sm-doped borate glass system towards future applications.

Multicolor and warm white luminescence from Dy3+/Eu3+ co-activated glasses for indoor and solid-state lighting applications

Multicolor emitting Dy3+/Eu3+ coactivated lithium zinc borate (LZB) glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method and their structural, vibrational, morphological, and luminescence properties were investigated. Dy3+ glasses exhibited blue, yellow, and red photoluminescence (PL) bands at 481 nm (4F9/2 → 6H15/2), 576 nm (4F9/2 → 6H13/2), and 665 nm (4F9/2 → 6H11/2) under 386 nm excitation. Eu3+ glasses exhibited strong orange and reddish-orange emissions at 589 nm (5D0→7F1) and 612 nm (5D0→7F2) at 393 nm of excitation. 0.5 mol% Dy3+ is codoped with various Eu3+ concentrations and the energy transfer mechanism is analyzed from the spectral overlay of Dy3+ emission and Eu3+ absorption, Dy3+/Eu3+ PL, and decay profiles as well as from energy transfer parameters. Dy3+/Eu3+ codoped glasses stimulated under different excitation wavelengths of Dy3+ (349, 363, and 386 nm) displayed a decline in the intensity of Dy3+ PL bands and a simultaneous rise in Eu3+ PL bands, demonstrating efficient energy transfer from Dy3+: 4F9/2 → Eu3+: 5D0 due to dipole-dipole interaction. The energy transfer process is supported by a decrement in the lifetimes of Dy3+ when co-doped with Eu3+ compared with singly doped Dy3+ones. The color coordinates and corresponding color temperatures were shifted from neutral to a warm white light region depending on the Eu3+ concentration. The aforementioned results demonstrate the importance of the near-ultraviolet-driven LZB: Dy3+/Eu3+ glasses for their potential application in warm white light and multicolor emitting devices.

Cool white light and tunable multicolor emission from Tb3+/Dy3+ co-activated glasses under different excitations for WLEDs

A set of co-doped (Tb3+/Dy3+) lithium zinc borate (LZB) glasses were developed by melt quenching. The structural evaluation was performed for synthesized glassy matrices. The Dy3+ and Tb3+ individually doped glasses exhibit intense yellow and green luminescence bands at 575 nm (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) and 543 nm (5D4→7F5), respectively. The sensitization effect of Dy3+ on Tb3+ was analyzed by increasing the Tb3+ content with respect to the optimum Dy3+ content (0.5 mol%) in Dy3+/Tb3+. The spectral overlay of Dy3+ luminescence and Tb3+ absorption profiles, Dy3+/Tb3+ PL spectra under different excitations 352, 362, 376, and 385 nm, shortening decay lifetimes of Dy3+ in Dy3+/Tb3+ co-activated glasses, energy transfer (ET) parameters, chromaticity coordinates and their corresponding correlated temperatures all help to explain ET from Dy3+ to Tb3+. At 385 nm of Dy3+ excitation, the optimized co-activated (0.5Dy3++1.0Tb3+):LZB glass displays cool white light emission. The non-radiative ET from Dy3+ to Tb3+ is dominated by electric dipole–dipole interaction and its ET efficiency was calculated to be 63%. At the same time, reverse ET from Tb3+ to Dy3+ was also analyzed. The shift in color coordinates from dominant yellow to greenish-yellow, green and white light emission suggests that Dy3+/Tb3+ co-activated LZB glasses can be a potential candidate for UV converted multicolor and white light emitting devices.

Linear optical characteristics as well as gamma-ray shielding capabilities of quaternary lithium-zinc borate glasses with Y3+ ions

Transparent quaternary lithium-zinc borate glasses with Y3+ ions with chemical formula 15Li2O–15ZnO-(70-x)B2O3-xY2O3, where x = 0.0 (BLZY0.0), 0.5 (BLZY0.5), 1.0 (BLZY1.0), 1.5 (BLZY1.5), 2.0 (BLZY2.0), and 2.5 (BLZY2.5) mol% has been prepared. The linear optical properties as well as gamma-ray attenuation capabilities of these glasses have been examined. The direct band gap (Eopticalgapdirect) was reduced from 4.3 to 3.35 (eV) and the indirect band gap (Eopticalgapindirect) was reduced from 3.09 to 2.82 (eV) by insertion of Y3+ ions. The recorded values of Urbach's energy (ΔE) were 0.718, 0.45, 0.37, 0.36, 0.33, and 0.26 eV for BZLY0.0, BZLY0.5, BZLY1.0, BZLY1.5, BZLY2.0, and BZLY2.5 respectively. The refractive index (n) values varied between 2.11 and 2.308 for direct transition, while between 2.37 and 2.45 for indirect transition. Numerically, the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) was found equal to 33.573, 34.417, 35.221, 36.095, 37.012, and 37.918 cm−1 at 0.015 MeV, while equal to 0.050, 0.051, 0.052, 0.054, 0.055, and 0.057 cm−1 at 15 MeV for BLZY0.0, BLZY0.5, BLZY1.0, BLZY1.5, BLZY2.0, and BLZY2.5, respectively. The half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) are found to take the order BLZY2.5 < BLZY2.0 < BLZY1.5 < BLZY1.0 < BLZY0.5 < BLZY0.0.In conclusion, the prepared glasses can be applied for optical and gamma-ray shielding applications.

Conversion of UV light to dazzling reddish orange light with robust color purity for plant growth in biocompatible glasses

Remarkable red luminescence was achieved from synthesized lithium zinc borate glasses (LBZ) composed of Eu3+ and Gd3+ ions by melt quenching for greenhouse applications. LBZ: Gd3+ glass exhibited emission at 311 nm (6P7/2→8S7/2) upon 265 nm excitation. By exciting at 393 nm, LBZ: Eu3+ glass emits a dazzling reddish-orange emission at 612 nm (5D0→7F2). Due to successful energy migration from Gd3+ to Eu3+, co-doped glasses generate more exquisite reddish light at 612 nm with high color purity than independently (Eu3+) doped glass under 265 nm of UV irradiation. Various fluorescence methods were used to demonstrate energy transmission. Notably, the enhanced luminescence extending from 580 to 700 nm pertaining to co-doped glasses was correlated with the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. The results of in vitro cell viability confirm the non-cytotoxicity and a high level of biocompatibility. From the results, the non-cytotoxic co-doped (1.0Gd3+-1.0Eu3+)-glass has been found to be a potential candidate as a biocompatible greenhouse glass for plant growth.

Influence of increasing SnO2 content on the mechanical, optical, and gamma-ray shielding characteristics of a lithium zinc borate glass system

A series of six samples were prepared based on the chemical composition of 65B2O3 + 20ZnO + (15-x)LiF + xSnO2 (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mol%) to study the role of SnO2 on enhancing the optical and radiation attenuation capacity of the prepared glasses. The preparation of the glass series was performed using the melt quenching method at 1100 °C for 60 min. The density of the fabricated samples was measured using an MH-300A densimeter. The optical parameters of the fabricated glasses were calculated based on the spectrum recorded by a Cary 5000 UV–Vis–NIR double beam spectrophotometer in a wavelength range of 200 to 3000 nm. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation code and the XCOM online database were used to estimate the gamma-ray shielding capacity of the fabricated samples from 0.244 to 2.506 MeV. The results show enhanced gamma-ray shielding capacity due to the replacement of LiF by SnO2. The linear attenuation coefficient at 0.244 MeV was enhanced from 0.352 to 0.389 cm−1. The half-value thickness of the investigated glasses decreased from 1.967 to 1.784 cm when the increasing addition of SnO2 from 0 to 1.25 mol%.

Biocompatible lithium zinc borate glasses activated with Sm3+/Eu3+ for glass greenhouse

A series of (Sm3+/Eu3+) co-activated lithium zinc borate glasses were procured by a fast and simple melt quenching technique to obtain remarkable red luminescent materials for glass greenhouses. The synthesized glasses are transparent under daylight and can radiate a strong reddish-orange emission under ultraviolet excitation. By exciting with 403 nm, the (Sm3+/Eu3+) co-activated glasses exhibit enhanced ravishing reddish orange emission at 612 nm as correlated with individually (Eu3+) doped glass. The reddish-orange emission pertaining to Eu3+ ions has been remarkably enhanced by codoping with Sm3+ ions through an energy transmission from Sm3+ to Eu3+. The enhanced luminescence bands of the co-activated glasses from 580 to 700 nm were well matched with the chlorophyll absorption spectral domain. In vitro Prestoblue assay results confirm the non-cytotoxicity with appreciable biocompatibility. From the results, the procured non-cytotoxic (0.75Sm3+-1.0Eu3+) co-activated glass has been found to be a biocompatible greenhouse glass for plant cultivation.

Biocompatible and UV triggered energy transfer based color tunable emission from Ce3+/Eu3+ co-doped lithium zinc borate glasses for white light applications

A series of Ce3+/Eu3+ co-doped biocompatible lithium zinc borate glasses were synthesized via melt quenching. X-ray diffraction, Raman and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried out for synthesized glasses. The photoluminescence spectrum of Ce3+ glass exhibited a broad blue band at 447 nm (5d→4f) with λexc = 350 nm. The optimized content of Eu3+ (1.0 mol%) doped glass exhibited an intense red emission at 612 nm (5D0→7F2) under λexc = 393 nm. The energy transfer is supported by spectral overlap, fluorescence, decay dynamics, and Commission Internationale de l'Elcairage color coordinates. Inokuti–Hirayama model revealed energy transfer from Ce3+ to Eu3+ is dominated by dipole-dipole interaction. The chromaticity coordinates of Eu3+ have been shifted from red to white region by inclusion of Ce3+ ions due to efficient energy transfer from Ce3+ to Eu3+. In vitro Prestoblue assay result confirms non-cytotoxicity with appreciable biocompatibility. Based on these spectral features, Ce3+/Eu3+ co-doped biocompatible lithium zinc borate glasses can be suggested as a promising candidate for white light applications.

Bright green fluorescence from Tb3+ activated lithium zinc borate glasses for solid-state laser and w-LEDs applications

Lithium zinc borate glasses (LBZ) composed of Li2CO3-LiF-H3BO3-ZnO activated with distinct concentrations (0.1–1.0 mol%) of Tb3+ ions were synthesized and explored their structural and optical characteristics. The functional groups and non-crystalline behavior of glasses were validated from the RAMAN and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The optical bandgap was found to be 3.203 eV for (0.5 mol%) Tb3+ contained glass. The excitation spectrum of the same glass discloses a sharp peak at 376 nm (7F6→5D3). Under 376 nm excitation, luminescence spectra of Tb3+ ions incorporated glasses displayed the prominent emission transitions noticed at 5D4 → 7F6–3 with a strong green luminescence centered at 543 nm (5D4 → 7F5). The optimized concentration of Tb3+ for efficient green color emitting display devices was found to be 0.5 mol%. Lifetime decay analysis was carried out which is well fitted in single exponential function and it was found to be 1.032 ms. CIE color coordinates were estimated for all the procured glasses from their emission spectra and they are reside in the strong green color zone. The obtained green color coordinate values of the optimized glass were closer to the SMPTE and EBU coordinates (0.290, 0.600) for the green illumination appreciably. CCT values of the optimized Tb3+ incorporated glass were lie in the cool green region with high color purity of 82%. From these strong green emission features of the studied glasses, 0.5 mol% Tb3+: LBZ glassy matrix could be suggested as a potential candidate for the application of green laser and display device applications.

Influence of Ag nano particles on spectroscopic and luminescence properties of Dy3+ doped borate glasses

Dy3+ doped lithium zinc borate glasses with silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching method. Impact of silver NPs on the luminescence properties of 59B2O3: 20ZnO: 10Na2O: 10Li2O: 0.5SnO: 0.5Dy2O3 glasses doped with Dy3+ions were investigated. Ag+ ions have been reduced and nucleated to AgNPs by thermochemical redox method. Amorphous characteristics of the glasses were confirmed by XRD measurements. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra were used to estimate structural and vibrational bands of the glass samples. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band is observed at 419 nm for 0.3 mol% of Ag along with three absorption bands of dysprosium were observed. Luminescence studies were performed on these glasses and found that three emission bands at 484, 575, and 665 nm when excited with wavelength of 349 nm, which corresponds to 4F9/2 to 6H15/2, 4F9/2 to 6H13/2, and 4F9/2 to 6H11/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions.

Effect of bismuth oxide on the optical features and gamma shielding efficiency of lithium zinc borate glasses

This paper reports the effect of bismuth oxide (up to 65 mol%) on the optical properties and radiation shielding efficiency of xBi2O3-(65-x)Li2O-20ZnO- 15B2O3 glasses (where x = 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 mol%). The optical properties of these glasses were examined by evaluating different parameters such as molar refraction (Rm), metallization principle (M), molar polarizability (αm), dielectric coefficients (static and optical), optical transmission (T), and reflection loss (RL). On the other hand, the radiation shielding efficiency of the tested glasses was estimated by using Geant4 simulations and the Phy-X/PSD program for varied photons energies. The linear attenuation coefficient (μ) and other related factors such as half value layer (HVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and mean free path (MFP) were calculated over a wide energy range from 15 keV to 15 MeV. The results revealed that the optical dielectric constant of the glasses increased from 3.1469 to 3.2076 as the Bi2O3 increased from 45 to 65 mol%. A notable increase in μ values was observed as the Bi2O3 increased from 45 to 65 mol%. The photon shielding properties of the tested glasses were compared with many samples in terms of MFP. The present glasses showed superior features to apply for optical and radiation shielding applications.