Lithium-ion Battery Industry Research Articles

PFAS-Free Energy Storage: Investigating Alternatives for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The class-wide restriction proposal on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the European Union is expected to affect a wide range of commercial sectors, including the lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry, where both polymeric and low molecular weight PFAS are used. The PFAS restriction dossiers currently state that there is weak evidence for viable alternatives to the use of PFAS in LIBs. In this Perspective, we summarize both the peer-reviewed literature and expert opinions from academia and industry to verify the legitimacy of the claims surrounding the lack of alternatives. Our assessment is limited to the electrodes and electrolyte, which account for the most critical uses of PFAS in LIB cells. Companies that already offer or are developing PFAS-free electrode and electrolyte materials were identified. There are also indications that PFAS-free electrolytes are in development by at least one other company, but there is no information regarding the alternative chemistries being proposed. Our review suggests that it is technically feasible to make PFAS-free batteries for battery applications, but PFAS-free solutions are not currently well-established on the market. Successful substitution of PFAS will require an appropriate balance among battery performance, the environmental effects associated with hazardous materials and chemicals, and economic considerations.

A predictive model for the security and stability of the lithium-ion battery industry chain based on price modal combinations

Prices act as crucial market signals within industrial chains, and the smooth transmission of prices has significantly impacts on the safety and stability of the entire chain. This paper considers the lithium-ion battery industry chain as a complex system and uses prices as modal signals to construct an FEEMD-NAR-HMM industrial chain safety and stability prediction model. The research findings are as follows: (1) The lithium-ion industry chain exhibits a typical "price-stability" dissipative structure, where the consistency of price fluctuations within the industry chain has a significant impact on its overall safety and stability. (2) When products at different stages of the lithium-ion industry chain experience simultaneous price increases or decreases, the safety and stability of the industry chain are at a high level. When the transmission smoothness of price fluctuations across different stages of the lithium-ion industry chain is low, the safety and stability of the industry chain are at a low level. (3) In the near future, the lithium-ion industry chain will continue to exposed to volatility risks. The government should implement macroeconomic control measures to stabilize the lithium-ion market and increase research investment in lithium resource recycling to prevent a crisis of lithium resource shortages.

The knowledge contributions from science to technology on lithium-ion batteries from the industry chain view

The lithium-ion industry chain comprises multiple links such as battery components, battery (pack) and management, and recycling. Each link has its features, and they are interlinked. Industry chain development cannot be separated from the mutual promotion of all links in the industry chain. The scientific and technological innovation of the lithium-ion battery chain is widely studied because it is considered one of the most promising energy storage systems. Moreover, scientific development is widely considered to promote technological innovation, and the contribution of knowledge from science to technology is studied by analyzing citations from patents to papers. However, there are two research gaps. First, there is little research on the contributions of science and technology in the lithium-ion battery field. The second gap is the lack of an industrial chain view in the study of science–technology linkages. Therefore, this study proposed a framework to reveal the knowledge contributions from science to technology from the industry chain view and applied it to the lithium-ion battery industry. The findings are summarized as follows: (1) A total of 130 topics were mined, summarized, and classified from the industry view. The electrode, battery management and electrolyte are relatively complex and are more discussed, especially regarding the electrode. (2) Knowledge contributions from science to technology have concentrated on the electrolyte, electrode and battery management. The knowledge contributions from paper topics on the electrode to patent topics on the electrode are the strongest. Patent inventors who focus on these three elements should refer to science on this element and science on the other two elements. Besides, policy- makers could promulgate promotion policies to stimulate the scientific development of these three elements, especially for the electrode. (3) Garnet-type ceramic sintering was the topic that had the greatest contributions in 2017 and 2018, and the patent topic to which it contributed as the most was “garnet-type ceramic sintering. Silicon has a consistently high degree of knowledge interaction between science and technology. These findings could serve as a reference for policy-makers when making incentive policies and scholars when selecting research content.

Data-driven macro-scale simulation for rapid electrolyte wetting in lithium-ion batteries

The electrolyte wetting process in lithium-ion battery manufacturing is a critical part of processes that affects battery performance and productivity. However, it is difficult to accurately measure and optimise this process with existing technologies. In this study, a three-dimensional macroscopic filling and wetting simulation model based on actual battery material parameters is constructed, which can simulate the wetting process of electrolyte in porous electrodes and separators. The model is employed to analyse effects of filling pressure pattern, boundary conditions and other process parameters on the wetting rate. The results demonstrate that the use of multilateral cyclic pressure filling can optimise the electrolyte wetting, which is in accordance with industry practice. Consequently, the study proceeds to investigate potential process optimisation strategies, including electrolyte selection and ambient temperature. These findings not only address limitations of traditional models, which employ simplified parameters, but also present a novel approach to enhance manufacturing efficiency and reduce cost of lithium batteries. This is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of lithium-ion battery industry.

Recyclability study for the next generation of cobalt-free lithium-ion battery systems with C-LNMO, Si/C- LRLO and TiNbO-LNMO active materials via hydrometallurgical route

The scarcity and uncertain supply of cobalt poses significant challenges for the lithium-ion battery industry. To address this issue, alternative chemistries excluding cobalt have been developed. Despite solving supply issues, these developments raise concerns about recyclability and their impact on current recycling trends.This study presents a recycling strategy and evaluates its performance for next-generation cobalt-free lithium-ion batteries. It focuses on three prototypes that use innovative cathode materials (titanium niobium oxide, carbon, and silicon/carbon) and electrolyte systems (ionic liquid and gelified). The proposed recycling process includes pyrolysis, mechanical separation, neutral and acid leaching, cementation, and neutralisation for selective metal separation.The results indicate that gelified electrolytes exhibit greater thermal stability than their liquid counterparts, indicating an effect on the degradation temperature and gas emissions, which are crucial for metal recovery. This study highlights the reduced toxicity of ionic liquid electrolytes and emphasises the need for strict pyrolysis gas handling due to hazardous emissions. High recovery rates (65–90 %) were achieved for nickel, manganese, lithium, and anode components.With potential for process optimisation to improve the quality of products, this study shows that cobalt-free battery systems can be integrated into existing recycling frameworks with adjustments, supporting progress towards sustainable battery practices.

Green regeneration and recycling technology for spent graphite in lithium batteries: Biofilm coating-heat treatment repair process

With the explosive growth in graphite demand and the blowout retirement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the recycling of spent graphite (SG) in anode materials has gradually become a hotspot due to its potential for achieving economic and environmental benefits, as well as contributing to the sustainable development of LIBs industry. An innovative green regeneration technology of SG based on bio-cycle leaching is proposed, and its repair and regeneration mechanism is discussed. The results show that bio-cycle leaching can effectively remove and enrich the metal impurities from SG while utilizing the extracellular polymeric substances secreted by strains to mediate and aggregate strong adhesion of strains on the surface, forming a biofilm to coat graphite and smooth its surface. Heat treatment can repair the crystal structure of SG while breaking down the biofilm into amorphous carbon to create a carbon core-shell structure. Under the optimal conditions, the regenerated graphite exhibits electrochemical properties similar to commercial graphite, with the initial charge capacity, initial coulomb efficiency, and cyclic capacity stability after 100 cycles at 0.1 C rate of 329.11 mAh/g, 92.9 %, and 96.4 %, respectively. This study represents a new thinking in SG recycling and contributes to realizing a complete closed-loop LIB recycling process.

Current Status of Processes and Hazardous Chemicals of Lithium-ion Battery Industries in the Republic of Korea

BackgroundWith global trends of carbon neutrality and ecofriendliness, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been rapidly increasing. However, occupational health research within this sector is significantly lacking. Thus, this study aimed to understand the industrial value chain, processes, and current status of hazardous chemicals associated with LIBs. MethodsThrough a literature review and a survey of business sites, the LIB industry was categorized into 10 industrial groups. We visited 32 workplaces in the Republic of Korea, and conducted on-site surveys. ResultsPrimary mineral raw materials used in LIBs include lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al) often in compound forms, alongside graphite, posing significant challenges in management due to their micrometer-sized particles. Furthermore, metals used in a salt form (such as LiOH or sulfate salts) can irritate the skin or respiratory system, particularly Ni and Co known to be toxic substances designated as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Acids, bases, and various solvents are also used to improve batteries' electrical properties. Dichloromethane classified as carcinogenic 2A by the International Agency for Research on Cancer is widely used in the separator industry. Carbonate-based solvents are widely used in electrolytes with potential for exposure in battery cell manufacturers and recycling industries. However, they are not classified as regulated substances, leading to inadequate management practices. ConclusionThis study identified processes of each industry and chemical substances utilized in the LIB industry in the Republic of Korea. Based on this study, it is necessary to implement appropriate management measures tailored to industrial processes and types of harmful factors.

Research progress on comprehensive utilization of fluorine-containing solid waste in the lithium battery industry

With the rapid development of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry, the inevitable generation of fluorine-containing solid waste (FCSW) during LIB production and recycling processes has drawn significant attention to the treatment and comprehensive utilization of such waste. This paper describes the sources of FCSW in the production of LIBs and the disposal of spent LIBs. Subsequently, the fundamental characteristics of FCSW were introduced, including resource properties and hazardous attributes. Furthermore, it comprehensively reviews recent technologies for treating FCSW. Finally, future research on FCSW was prospected. This paper aims to provide practical guidance for the treatment and application of FCSW in the LIB industry, help solve the problem of resource recovery in HCSW treatment, and promote the HCSW industry to achieve more efficient and sustainable development.

The Emergence and Transformation of the Lithium-ion Battery Industry in Shenzhen

This paper has charted the dynamic evolution of Shenzhen's lithium-ion battery (LiB) industry through four distinctive stages, thereby elucidating the complex interplay between industrial growth, policy interventions, and technological advancements. The framework illustrated not only the vital role of resource pool at each stage of the LiB industry's evolution but also underscored how shifts in industry trends reciprocally influenced the structure of resource pool. In the first stage, the nascent LiB in Shenzhen was driven by local companies, operating on a traditional manufacturing model based on public knowledge. It benefited from the urban development advantages of Shenzhen, including its strategic location, industrial structure, and supportive government policies, setting the stage for subsequent evolution. The second stage marked the formation of a comprehensive industry chain, encompassing both upstream and downstream sectors, driven by the increasing demand for LiBs and the proliferation of consumer electronics manufacturing in Shenzhen. The expansion was not just in capacity but also in the scope, fostering a more interconnected and resilient industry ecosystem. The third stage witnessed a strategic shift from low value-added consumer electronic batteries to high value-added power batteries, propelled by national policy guidance and increased R&D investments. This shift was crucial in transitioning from conventional consumer electronics batteries to more sophisticated and lucrative energy solutions for automotive and industrial uses. The current stage, the fourth, is characterized by continuous innovation, talent development, and an emphasis on synergistic innovation between universities and enterprises. The establishment of intermediary organizations helped to promote the integration of resources and standardized division of labour within the innovation ecosystem. Throughout these stages, Shenzhen's LiB industry has navigated through varying challenges and opportunities, demonstrating remarkable adaptability and resilience. The LiB industry has continually responded to changes in the resource pool, adjusting interaction mechanisms to catalyse growth and innovation. Meanwhile, transformations in the industry have informed resource pool establishments, creating a dynamic feedback loop.

Electrochemical Relithiation in Spent LiFePO4 Slurry for Regeneration of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode.

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in a green and economical way is vital for maintaining the sustainability of the LIB industry. However, given the low content of high-value components in olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LFP), traditional metallurgical processes are economically unfeasible for recycling due to high chemical/energy consumption and labor-intensive procedures. This study proposes a facile electrochemistry strategy to directly regenerate the spent LFP material by an electrically driven lithiation process as a spent LFP slurry (200 g/L) rather than as electrodes. Minimal energy and chemical consumption are achieved by enabling the healing of spent LFP without destroying the original olivine-type crystal structure. The proposed method utilizes mild healing conditions (25 °C for 2 h) and LiCl solution as the only reagent in the regeneration process, significantly lowering the expenses associated with producing cathode electrodes. The electrochemical performance of the regenerated LFP have been dramatically recovered after regeneration, exhibiting a capacity of 151.5 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C and 96.6% capacity retention over 400 cycles at 1 C. This approach demonstrates a high processing capability and offers considerable economic and environmental benefits, making it an eco-friendly option and supporting the sustainable development of the LFP industry.

Impact of circular economy on the long-term allocation structure of primary and secondary lithium

Lithium is key for a clean energy transition but faces sustainability challenges in the global supply. Here, we use a bottom-up approach to study the evolution of the global lithium-ion battery industry from 2023 to 2050. The supply and demand trends are predicted to determine the supply potential and allocation structure of primary and secondary lithium. The results indicate a projected global lithium demand of 1.93 million metric tons in 2050, a significant increase of 26.2 times compared to 2023. In the process of global lithium resources shifting from underground reserves to in-use stocks, population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) influence regions’ lithium endowment and per capita primary consumption, respectively. If the European Union’s new battery regulation is implemented globally, then it is projected to reduce global primary lithium consumption by 1.03 million metric tons by 2050, with a 53.48% decrease in the proportion of primary lithium consumption.

Ex-ante life cycle evaluation of spent lithium-ion battery recovery: Modeling of complex environmental and economic impacts

The recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for promoting the closed-loop sustainable development of the LIB industry. However, progress in LIB recycling technologies is slow. There are significant gaps between academic research and industrial application, which hinder the industrialization of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones. Here we show a universal model for spent LIB-lithium recycling (SliRec) to evaluate the applicability and upgrading potential across various recycling technologies. Instead of modeling the entire recycling process, we focus on partial processes to enable a comparative analysis of environmental and economic impacts. We find a strong correlation between lithium concentration (LC) and the advancement of recycling technologies, where higher LC is associated with a reduced carbon footprint and increased economic benefits. The implementation of high-level recycling technology can result in an 85.91% reduction in carbon footprint and a 5.97-fold increase in economic returns. Additionally, we explore the effects of technological interventions through scenario analysis, demonstrating that while low-level recycling technology faces more substantial challenges in upgrading, it holds greater potential for reducing carbon emissions (−2.38 kg CO2-eq mol−1) and enhancing economic benefits (CNY 11.04 mol−1). Our findings emphasize the significance of process modeling in evaluating the quality of spent LIB recycling technologies, and can provide comparative information for the application of emerging technologies or the upgrade of existing ones.

Selective leaching of lithium from mixed spent lithium iron phosphate powder

In recent years, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries have been widely used in the electric vehicle industry. The recycling of spent LFP will be propitious to conserving resources and alleviating the environmental risks it poses. In this study, a selective extraction method for lithium from spent LFP was proposed using nitric acid. Lithium leached into the liquid phase, while P and Fe remained in the leaching residue. Under the conditions of 120°C, HNO3/Li molar ratio of 2, and time of 2 h, the leaching efficiency of lithium reached 99.5 %, with a selectivity reaching 82.1 %. Initially, LFP was decomposed to liberate Li, Fe, and P in the liquid phase. Subsequently, ferrous ions were oxidized to trivalent, high-valent iron ions re-precipitated as FePO4·2 H2O. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the temperature and pH value of the extraction system have significant influence on both the oxidation and reprecipitation steps. An imbalance of Fe/P ratio (<1) in the raw material hinders the selectivity of lithium extraction, and supplementing this portion of Fe can enhance the selectivity to over 90 %. Additionally, LiCO3 and anhydrous FePO4 were effectively regenerated from the leachate and residue. This study provides a novel approach for the recycling of spent LFP and probably contributes to the sustainability of the lithium ion battery industry.

A Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Modeling from Mechanism-Based and Data-Driven Perspectives

As the low-carbon economy continues to advance, New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) have risen to prominence in the automotive industry. The design and utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are core component of NEVs, are directly related to the safety and range performance of electric vehicles. The requirements for a refined design of lithium-ion battery electrode structures and the intelligent adjustment of charging modes have attracted extensive research from both academia and industry. LIB models can be divided into mechanism-based models and data-driven models; however, the distinctions and connections between these two kinds of models have not been systematically reviewed as yet. Therefore, this work provides an overview and perspectives on LIB modeling from both mechanism-based and data-driven perspectives. Meanwhile, the potential fusion modeling frameworks including mechanism information and a data-driven method are also summarized. An introduction to LIB modeling technologies is presented, along with the current challenges and opportunities. From the mechanism-based perspective of LIB structure design, we further explore how electrode morphology and aging-related side reactions impact battery performance. Furthermore, within the realm of battery operation, the utilization of data-driven models that leverage machine learning techniques to estimate battery health status is investigated. The bottlenecks for the design, state estimation, and operational optimization of LIBs and potential prospects for mechanism-data hybrid modeling are highlighted at the end. This work is expected to assist researchers and engineers in uncovering the potential value of mechanism information and operation data, thereby facilitating the intelligent transformation of the lithium-ion battery industry towards energy conservation and efficiency enhancement.

State-of-health estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on Kullback–Leibler divergence and a retentive network

Accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is crucial for the lithium-ion battery industry, as it underpins the safety, durability, and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. Currently, most researchers use various methods of health indicator (HI) extraction for the SOH estimation of batteries. However, these methods may require certain expertise and prior knowledge to achieve accurate modeling, being affected by measurement noise and other factors. To solve the abovementioned problems, three Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence features based on partial voltage sequences are proposed as new HIs that are independent of prior knowledge and strongly correlated with SOH. Moreover, a modified retentive network is proposed to enhance SOH estimation accuracy and better utilize HIs than traditional deep learning methods, which have high training costs and insufficient accuracy. To ensure consistent extraction of KL divergence features across various experimental conditions and time intervals, a B-spline algorithm is utilized for interpolation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients and experiments conducted in four dimensions. Additionally, the potential of using the proposed method to compress data on the cloud-side is explored.

Solvent stability of halide solid electrolytes towards wet processing

Currently, the assembly of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) mostly involves powder pressing method, which is primarily suitable for laboratory research and presents challenges for industrial-scale manufacturing of ASSBs. Wet processes are the most mature scale-up film formation technology in the lithium-ion battery industry. Therefore, the development of wet processes for forming solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) films is of great interest for the industrial production of ASSBs. Understanding the solvent stability of SSEs is a prerequisite for realizing the industrial production of ASSBs using wet processes. Halide SSEs have attracted extensively attention due to their mechanical flexibility, superionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. However, to date, the stability of halide SSEs and solvents has not been systematically investigated. Herein, we systematically investigate the changes in the solubility, structure, and ionic conductivity of halide SSEs upon exposure to different solvents, providing a crucial technical foundation for the wet processing of ASSBs.

Beyond dopant selection: The critical grain size window as a key performance dictator for Co-free, Ni-rich cathode materials

Despite the immense potential of cobalt-free, nickel-rich cathode materials to replace their cobalt-containing counterparts in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their widespread adoption remains hindered by performance limitations. While extensive research has explored various doping strategies to address this challenge, the reported benefits vary significantly, suggesting an incomplete understanding of dopant influence and thus hindering the full potential of these additives. Our investigation into the effect of various dopants on Li(Ni0.95Mn0.05)O2 performance yielded a surprising discovery: the LIB performance of transition metal-doped Li(Ni0.95Mn0.05)O2 becomes remarkably consistent across different dopant types, provided the calcination conditions are optimized. Regardless of dopant type, a critical grain size window is identified as a key factor influencing the performance of the doped Li(Ni0.95Mn0.05)O2. Calcination within a specific temperature range is paramount to control this previously overlooked performance determinant, which significantly impacts grain growth, primary particle morphology, and lattice structure. This novel insight allows us to demonstrate that cost-effective dopants such as Ti can achieve performance in stabilizing Li(Ni0.95Mn0.05)O2 comparable to that of more expensive, higher-valence alternatives (e.g., Nb, Ta, W, and Mo). This discovery paves the way for developing practical material design processes that meet the stringent requirements of the LIB industry.

Recycling and Reuse of Mn-Based Spinel Electrode from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this paper, we introduce an environmentally friendly approach to recycle used batteries and recover highly valuable manganese-based cathode materials. This study demonstrates the feasibility of fast plasma pyrolysis to recover LiMn2O4 electrode materials (e.g., lithium manganese oxide, LMO) and demonstrate their reuse in newly assembled Li-ion cells. The electrochemical performance of as-recycled cathodes shows an initial discharge capacity of 72 mAh/g and is stable for 100 cycles at 0.1 C. After adding 20 mole % of excess LiOH, the recycled LMO after relithiation at 660 °C can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 96 mAh/g and retain a decent discharge capacity of 88 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a 0.2 C rate. Without relithiation, the as-recycled LMO cathode after heating at 1000 °C delivers the best electrochemical cycling performance, including an initial discharge capacity of 94 mAh/g and 50th cycle capacity of 91 mAh/g at a 0.2 C rate. This study highlights a feasible approach for recycling electrode materials in spent LIBs. Recycling of lithium-ion batteries and especially electrode materials is crucial for the sustained growth of the lithium-ion battery industry and reduced environmental issues.

Advancements in Dry Coating for Battery Electrodes: Scalable Extrusion Mixing for Control of Electrode Microstructure and Electrochemical Performance

Dry coating of battery electrodes is emerging as a promising alternative technology to the prevailing slurry coating and drying process widely adopted in the lithium-ion battery industry.1,2,3 To date, the most energy-intensive step in cell manufacturing is the drying of slurry-coated electrodes,1 and the adoption of dry coating aims to mitigate both the environmental impact and production costs associated with electrode production. Beyond environmental and economic concerns, producing higher mass-loading electrodes, a crucial aspect for increasing cell energy density, faces inherent challenges with the slurry-coating process: the drying of thick coatings often leads to issues such as electrode cracking and the formation of inhomogeneous electrode microstructures.Bühler and Empa have collaboratively developed and are in the process of scaling up a dry-coating manufacturing method.4 Our process centers around the extrusion mixing of electrode components, followed by calendering of the dry mixture to produce the final electrode and direct lamination onto a current collector. In this presentation, we showcase the adaptability of extrusion mixing in inducing shear fibrillation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder, crucial for achieving the desired electrode microstructures (see Figure 1a and 1b). Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of our dry-coating technology to produce high-mass loading electrodes with areal capacities of 5 mAh cm-2 or more (see Figure 1c).The presentation encompasses a thorough characterization of dry-coated electrodes, including their microstructure and electrochemical performance in lab-scale batteries. Key aspects, such as rate capability and capacity retention, are evaluated. A comprehensive comparison with slurry-coated electrodes, fabricated using identical active electrode materials, mass fractions, and mass loading, reveals that our dry-coated electrodes exhibit comparable performance to their slurry-coated counterparts.5 The scalability of our dry-coating technology is underscored, highlighting the achievable throughputs necessary for gigafactory-scale production with a single extruder.

Manufacturing of Fe-Ni Composite Oxide Powder and Leaching Process Optimization Via Nickel Pig Iron(NPI) Raw Materials

The lithium-ion battery industry is experiencing rapid growth in response to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, leading to a significant increase in demand for high-purity nickel compounds, a critical raw material. As a result, ensuring a smooth supply of nickel resources poses a critical challenge not only for the battery industry but also for enhancing the competitiveness of future clean energy industries. High-purity nickel production is predominantly carried out via the high-pressure acid leach (HPAL) process, which extracts nickel from nickel laterite ores. However, this process involves substantial initial capital investment and consumes significant energy due to high temperatures, high pressure, and strong acids. Additionally, this method is associated with environmental concerns such as water and soil pollution. Furthermore, an alternative approach is proposed, which involves adding sulfur to low-grade nickel pig iron (NPI) to produce the nickel matte, followed by an iron removal process to generate high-purity nickel sulfide. However, this method presents challenges such as waste generation from the iron removal process, high carbon emissions, and the production of large amounts of greenhouse gases. This study explored using anodic oxidation to induce oxidative reactions in NPI to nano-powder. This approach improves nickel recovery efficiency by increasing the surface area compared to the bulk state, allowing leaching at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. As a result, the process becomes simpler, with lower initial capital investment, making it economically viable. Additionally, the process requires less energy consumption, allowing for achieving the breakeven point at an earlier stage. This study compared the characteristics of the nano-powderized NPI under different voltage and current ranges. Furthermore, the nickel leaching efficiency was assessed based on leaching solution conditions.