Lithium Fluorine Research Articles

The Presence of Wodginite in Lithium–Fluorine Granites as an Indicator of Tantalum and Tin Mineralization: A Study of Abu Dabbab and Nuweibi Massifs (Egypt)

This study examines the accessory wodginite and the discovery of titanium-bearing wodginite and Fe and Ti-bearing wodginite in lithium-fluorine granites from the Abu Dabbab and Nuweibi massifs in Eastern Egypt. The wodginite group’s mineral association includes tantalum-bearing cassiterite and tin-bearing tantalum–niobate minerals: tantalite-(Mn), columbite-(Mn), and microlite. Three forms of wodginite crystallization were identified: (1) rims around columbite-(Mn) and tantalite-(Mn) varying from 1.5 to 21.9 μm in thickness, (2) micro-inclusions in cassiterite ranging from 5.4 to 27.0 μm in size, and (3) autonomous crystals measuring 3–124 μm in length. Wodginite in the Nuweibi massif is mainly found in porphyritic granite of late-stage porphyry intrusion. It has a similar composition to the worldwide wodginite of rare-metal granites, but exhibits a lower content of TiO2 (average 0.54%) and is a mineral indicator of rich tantalum ore deposits. In contrast, wodginite in the Abu Dabbab massif is replaced by titanium-bearing wodginite (Ti/(Sn + BTa + Ti + Fe3+) = 0.23) and is associated with Fe and Ti-bearing wodginite. Wodginite and Ti-bearing wodginite are maximally enriched in manganese (Mn/(Mn + Fe2+ +Ca) = 0.95), expressed in all intrusive phases of the massif, and are mineral indicators of tantalum-bearing granites with associated cassiterite-quartz mineralization.

In Situ construction of PVDF/LLTO electrolyte with stable electrolyte/electrode interphase for integrated solid-state lithium batteries

Solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are promising owing to enhanced safety and high energy density. However, the issues of Li dendrite growth and large electrolyte-electrode interfacial resistance still hinder their practical applications in LMBs. Here, a Li anode-electrolyte structure integration has been developed using in-situ chemical reactions between the polyvinylidene fluoride/Li3xLa2/3−xTiO3/N-methyl pyrrolidone (PVDF/LLTO/NMP) solution and the Li metal interphase. After gradually coating the PVDF/LLTO/NMP solution onto Li metal, NMP as catalyst, inducing PVDF reacted with Li spontaneously to form lithium fluorine (LiF), and the accompanying Ti4+ ions (in LLTO) are reduced to Ti3+ ions to form a LLTO ionic/electronic conductor (LixLLTO). After NMP evaporation, an ionic/electronic conductor protective layer of LiF/LixLLTO is created between the PVDF/LLTO electrolytes and Li metal. When applying the integrated solid-state Li batteries (ISSLBs), the protective layer can reduce interfacial resistance and the formation of Li dendrites by regulating the even Li deposition redistributing the Li-ion transport. As a result, the as-assembled LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/ISSLBs achieves an initial capacity of 181 mA h g−1 and retains 83% capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This design can be an effective strategy to tailor the properties of Li-metal anodes for achieving dendrite-free LMBs with high performance and high safety.

The effect of lithium on the mechanical properties of alloys in the Al-Li system

The article considers the dependence of wear resistance and hardness on each other on the mechanical properties of alloys in the aluminum-lithium system. In experiments, lithium fluorine compound from A K7 and D16 aluminum alloys was added as alloying elements to obtain an aluminum-lithium sample. Based on the mechanical properties of the samples, the hardness was changed in accordance with the Rockwell method and the abrasiveness was investigated.The samples were poured into a heat-resistant furnace at a temperature of 750 °C.The lithium fluoride compound was introduced into the charge in three different masses. Lithium compound with fluorine was added in an amount of 5%, 10% and up to 15% of the total weight of the charge. Based on the conducted experiments, a graph of the dependence of the hardness of the samples and the wear resistance was compiled.

Reduction of gas porosity when alloying A000 grade aluminum with lithium fluoride

Currently, aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, mechanical engineering, food processing and others. The article presents the reduction of volume emissions of harmful gases in the process of alloying A000 grade technical aluminum alloy made of pure aluminum with a combination of lithium fluoride. In experiments, lithium fluorine was incorporated into technical aluminum in the groove structure in 3 different masses. Bund’s experiments were carried out in 2 different ways in a closed and open environment, outside the furnace, samples were taken. In both methods, the same amount of lithium fluoride combination was added to the aluminum alloy, and the samples obtained in the experiments were subjected to chemical analysis using a Q4 TASMAN model optical spectrometer. In addition, the samples were subjected to microscopic analysis using an electron microscope with the JSM-IT200 model, and the authors made the appropriate analysis and conclusions.

Ferrokësterite and Kësterite in Greisens Associated with Lithium–Fluorine Granites of the Russian Far East

Ferrokësterite and Kësterite in Greisens Associated with Lithium–Fluorine Granites of the Russian Far East

The main features of lithium metallogeny in geological time

This paper reports on lithium metallogeny in geological time. The geochronological analysis was conducted on the basis of data on 71 lithium deposits distributed globally. These deposits contain almost all Li resources, which are industrially significant and of potential interest in terms of the economy. It was established that these deposits were formed in different geological epochs, from the Late Mesoarchean to the Holocene. The distribution of their resources on the scale of geological time is distinctly discrete. In the Kenoran, Columbian, and Rodinian supercontinent cycles, only pegmatite deposits of lithium were formed. In the Pangean cycle, the main resources are also attributed to pegmatite deposits, but some of them are concentrated in lithium–fluorine rare-metal granites. In the incomplete Amasian cycle, salars of geodynamically active areas play a main role in the resource base; the epithermal stratiform deposits, pegmatites, and lithium fluorine-granites are of much less significance.

The Main Features of Lithium Metallogeny in Geological Time

This paper reports on lithium metallogeny in geological time. The geochronological analysis was conducted on the basis of data on 71 lithium deposits distributed globally. These deposits contain almost all Li resources, which are industrially significant and of potential interest in terms of the economy. It was established that these deposits were formed in different geological epochs, from the Late Mesoarchean to the Holocene. The distribution of their resources on the scale of geological time is distinctly discrete. In the Kenoran, Columbian, and Rodinian supercontinent cycles, only pegmatite deposits of lithium were formed. In the Pangean cycle, the main resources are also attributed to pegmatite deposits, but some of them are concentrated in lithium–fluorine rare-metal granites. In the incomplete Amasian cycle, salars of geodynamically active areas play a main role in the resource base; the epithermal stratiform deposits, pegmatites, and lithium-fluorine granites are of much less significance.

High-Phosphorous Lithium–Fluorine Granites of Eastern Yakutia (Verkhoyansk–Kolyma Orogenic Region)

The paper considers the petrographic composition and petro- and geochemical features of high-phosphorous lithium–fluorine granites from the Arga–Ynnakh–Khaya and Burgali ore–magmatic clusters in eastern Yakutia. Granitoids of three successively formed petrotypes are recognized here: amphibole–biotite granodiorites and andesine granites close to I-type granitoids; S-type two-mica cordierite granites; and plumasite lithium–fluorine granites. The latter are characterized by extremely high Li, Cs, F, and P contents; they are ascribed to ultra-rare-metal rocks and are not complementary to the preceding granitoids. They are assumed to be the derivatives of independent melts obtained from a lower crustal protolith that was reworked by ore- and volatile-rich fluids related to upwelling subalkaline or alkaline basaltic melts.

Niobium Minerals As Indicators of a Genetic Link Between Tin-Bearing Zwitter and Lithium–Fluorine Granite of the Verkhneurmiysky Massif in the Amur River Region

Niobium minerals in zwitter and lithium–fluorine granite of the Verkhneurmiysky granitic massif in the Amur River region—fergusonite-(Y), euxenite-(Y), samarskite-(Yb), aeschynite, Nb-bearing wolframite— have been described and the similarity of their species composition established. The same-named and crystal-chemically allied minerals from zwitter and granite are characterized by similar complexes of such trace elements as W, REE, Mn, Fe, Pb, U, and Sc. A genetic link between Sn-bearing zwitter and Li–F granite is stated. Compositional varieties of niobium minerals in granite and zwitter reflect a change in the physicochemical conditions of mineral formation, when the magmatic stage is followed by a pneumatolytic–hydrothermal process. The postmagmatic evolution of niobium minerals is characterized by increased concentrations of Y, Pb, U, Fe and decreased concentrations of W, Ta, REE, Ti, Sc, and Th. The mineral occurrences in the western sector of the Verkhneurmiysky Cu–W–Sn cluster are appraised as promising for Nb, Y, and REE. Fergusonite, samarskite, euxenite, and Nb-bearing wolframite are indicators of rare metal mineralization.

Rare-metal zircon rims in lithium-fluorine granites of the Far East

766 Zircon of rare metal lithium–fluorine granites is characterized by a high concentration of isomorphic admixtures and rare element microminerals [1]. We observed two types of zircon grains in lithium–fluo rine granites of the Far East: (1) with the core relatively depleted in admixtures and rare metal rims; (2) with out a core, with a maximal concentration and spotty zoned distribution of rare elements [2]. The first type was formed during crystallization of a melt containing zircon crystals captured during palingenesis. Transfor mation of protocrystals was accompanied by over growth of rims enriched in minor elements and min eral inclusions (xenotime, uraninite, thorite, mona zite, and others). Investigation of the composition of rare metal zircon rims has clarified the history of crys tallization of the lithium–fluorine granite melt.

Petrogenesis of extremely lithium-rich spodumene aplites of the Tastyg deposit, Sangilen Highland, Tyva Republic

1262 The magmatic origin of Li rich spodumene gran ites and pegmatites is confirmed by geological data, finds of melt inclusions in the minerals of these rocks, and, additionally, for homogenous veins, by the simi larity of their average bulk compositions to that of the Li saturated granitic eutectoid melt [1, 2]. Being alu minous leucocratic granitoids in composition, spo dumene pegmatites are typically characterized by sig nificant predominance of normative albite over ortho clase and, therefore, are called albite–spodumene pegmatites. The high lithium contents and “albite” evolution trend make them similar to Li–F rare metal granites. This resemblance is debatable [3], since the shift of the minimum of a granite melt toward the albite apex for lithium–fluorine granites is supposedly caused by the increase in size of the quartz crystalliza tion field under the influence of fluorine. However, this model is inappropriate for spodumene pegmatites, which differ in the extremely low contents of fluorine and often other volatile components (B, P, H2O). The study of spodumene aplites and pegmatites of the Tastyg deposit, which were formed under lowered activity of H2O, F, and B, revealed for the first time an unusual trend of their differentiation toward petalite composition, which resulted in extremely high lithium contents in these granitoids [4, 5].

Conventional and Propagation‐based Phase Contrast Imaging of Nanostructures Using Femtosecond Laser Driven Cluster Plasma Source and LiF Crystal Soft X‐ray Detectors

AbstractBright source of soft X‐ray emission was developed. Soft X‐ray radiation was produced by femtosecond laser pulses irradiation of submicron size CO2 clusters. These clusters were produced in custom designed supersonic nozzle from the mixture of the 10% CO2 +90 % He expanding gases. Lithium fluorine based soft X‐ray detectors was used for registration of absorption images of ultrathin (nanoscale) foils and biological structures illuminated by the developed source. It was demonstrated that even ifthe foil is essentially transparent for the soft X‐ray radiation (like 100 nm thick Zr foil), the image contrast could be significantly increased due to the influence of propagation‐based phase‐contrast effect when detector is placed at the proper distance behind the sample (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Harmonic generation from ions in underdense aluminum and lithium–fluorine plasmas

High harmonic generation from laser interactions with preformed underdense plasmas was observed with subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses focused to intensities up to 1018 W/cm2. The generation of seventh and ninth harmonics from aluminum plasmas was measured as well as harmonics to the nineteenth order from lithium–fluorine plasmas. The harmonic generation efficiency measured in these experiments is less than that from previous experiments that used neutral gases.

X-ray laser studies of recombining lithium plasmas created by optical field ionization

A high-intensity short-pulse KrF laser system is used to produce fast recombining plasmas by ionization of preformed lithium fluorine plasma targets. Soft-x-ray emission from these plasmas is measured, and population inversions in hydrogenic lithium are observed as the plasma recombines. For relatively low-temperature target plasma columns a nonlinear increase in the intensity of the 2–1 transition in Li III (135 Å) is observed with respect to length.

The Use of Ti, Si, C, Be and LiF in Soft X-Ray Optics

SummaryTi, Si, C, Be and LiF have been studied as coatings for normal incidence (multilayers) and grazing incidence (steering many-fold reflection mirrors) optical elements. The multilayers have been tested with soft (130+250 Å and hard (1.54 Å) X-rays. From these measurements the multilayer parameters have been deduced.The carbon and lithium fluorine steering mirrors showed the reflection of 10+60% for the turning angles of 30 and 45 degrees and two wavelengths of 44.7 Å and 67.6 Å. The perspectives of other materials are also discussed.