Literature-based Approach Research Articles

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a novel synbiotic made of combined use of probiotic-prebiotic-Chinese traditional herbs

BackgroundRecent studies have discussed the preferred activity of synbiotics, which are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. This study formulates a novel synbiotic that includes Chinese traditional herbs and evaluates its immunomodulatory function. PurposeThis study aims to systematically investigate the effects of synbiotics on immune function using a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model. Study DesignA literature-based approach was used to selectively identify medicinal herbs with immunomodulatory properties. Commercially available probiotics were used to investigate the immunomodulatory functions and potential mechanisms associated with the combination of Chinese medicinal herbs and prebiotics as carbon substrates. MethodsThe immunomodulatory effect of the synbiotic will be assessed by measuring indicators such as body weight, organ index, immunoglobulins, cytokines, splenic lymphocyte proliferation status, NK cell cytotoxicity and gut microbiota. ResultsOur results demonstrated that the synbiotic significantly restored the decreased thymus index and the increased spleen index induced by immune deficiency in mice. Among them, the formula of the synbiotics significantly improves the thymus organ index of immune organs from 0.068 to 0.126, which is also significantly superior compared to other single components. Additionally, it significantly enhanced the proliferative capacity of splenic lymphocytes and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in immune-deficient mice. Furthermore, the synbiotics enhanced the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, rectifying the dysbiosis in gut microbial composition caused by immune deficiency. It decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes from 67.41% to 44.06%, while increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota from 30.42% to 53.77%. It restored the disrupted gut microbial structure induced by cyclophosphamide damage, thereby ameliorating the disrupted intestinal microbial community associated with immune deficiency. ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the synbiotic was capable of modulating immune function, as evidenced by an increase in organ index, cellular immunity, and the ability to modulate intestinal flora disorders. Furthermore, the synbiotic demonstrated superior performance compared to other single components.

A novel developed DGS can be used to identify gene loci that may be associated with osteoporosis

Abstract Purpose Previous meta-analyses only examined the association between single gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis; there is no compilation of all gene loci that correlate with osteoporosis in the literature. In this study, we develop a new literature-based approach, a decisive gene strategy (DGS), to examine the sufficiency of the cumulative sample size for each gene locus and to assess whether a definite conclusion of the association between the gene locus and osteoporosis can be drawn. Methods The DGS was used to search PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for all meta-analyses that correlated gene polymorphisms with osteoporosis. Trial sequential analysis was employed to examine the sufficiency of the cumulative sample size. Finally, we assessed the importance of gene loci in osteoporosis based on whether there were enough sample sizes and the heterogeneity of the literature with the I2 value. Results After excluding 169 irrelevant publications, 39 meta-analysis papers were obtained. Among Caucasians, in 17 gene loci, there were eight gene loci (e.g., vitamin D Receptor ApaI rs7975232) with sufficient cumulative sample size to confirm that they were unrelated to the disease. Among Asians, in 15 gene loci, four gene loci that had sufficient sample sizes were risk factors: VDR FokI rs2228570 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-1.70), TGF β1 rs1800470 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.65), IGF1 rs2288377 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.28-1.62), and IGF1 rs35767 (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06-1.36), respectively, whereas one gene locus, ESR2 RsaI rs1256049 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.59-0.81), was a protective factor. Conclusions The DGS successfully identified five gene loci in osteoporosis that will apply to other diseases to find causal genes, which may apply disease-related genes in clinical practice, and to provide appropriate disease prevention policies. Key messages • The DGS that will apply to other diseases to find causal genes. • The DGS, which may apply disease-related genes in clinical practice, and to provide appropriate disease prevention policies.

Educational Construction in Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy: Literary Analysis and Contribution to Contemporary Islamic Education

This article aims to analyze the construction of education in Ibn Khaldun's philosophy and explore its contribution to contemporary Islamic education through a literature-based approach. Using library research methods, this study examines Ibn Khaldun's major work, Muqaddimah, along with various secondary literatures that discuss his philosophical views on education. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun views education as a gradual social process, emphasizing practical and moral learning, and the importance of critical, non-dogmatic education. This concept is relevant to the challenges of modern Islamic education, particularly in efforts to integrate intellectual and ethical education to build a generation that contributes to the advancement of civilization.

An estimation of global genetic prevalence of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration

BackgroundPLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises three diseases with overlapping features: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD), and PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. INAD is an early onset disease characterized by progressive loss of vision, muscular control, and mental skills. The prevalence of PLA2G6-associated diseases has not been previously calculated.MethodsTo provide the most accurate prevalence estimate, we utilized two independent approaches: database-based approach which included collecting variants from ClinVar, Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and high confidence predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) from gnomAD (Rare Genomes Project Genetic Prevalence Estimator; GeniE), and literature-based approach which gathered variants through Mastermind Genomic Search Engine (Genomenon, Inc). Genetic prevalence of PLAN was calculated based on allele frequencies from gnomAD, assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.ResultsIn the PLA2G6 gene, our analysis found 122 pathogenic, 82 VUS, and 15 variants with conflicting interpretations (pathogenic vs VUS) between two approaches. Allele frequency was available for 58 pathogenic, 42 VUS, and 15 conflicting variants in gnomAD database. If pathogenic and/or conflicting variants are included, the overall genetic prevalence was estimated to be between 1 in 987,267 to 1 in 1,570,079 pregnancies, with the highest genetic prevalence in African/African-American (1 in 421,960 to 1 in 365,197) and East-Asian (1 in 683,978 to 1 in 190,771) populations.ConclusionOur estimates highlight the significant underdiagnosis of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration and underscores the need for increased awareness and diagnostic efforts. Furthermore, our study revealed a higher carrier frequency of PLA2G6 variants in African and Asian populations, stressing the importance of expanded genetic sequencing in non-European populations to ensure accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. Future research should focus on confirming our findings and implementing expanded sequencing strategies to facilitate maximal and accurate diagnosis, particularly in non-European populations.

AFROCENTRIC PEDAGOGY APPROACH IN THE CURRICULUM OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM RENEWAL IN AFRICA: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize in greater detail the educational system approach that is being imposed into African countries, South Africa as a case in point. Over the past years, Sub-Saharan countries have and still experience indoctrinated educational system in which the content is mimicked from purported hegemonic states such UK, USA and other western counties inter alia. The problem of education retrogrades from the prior independence of African countries in the early 1960s wherein, the colonial masters organized and silently played a crucial role in shaping the formation of education in Africa; and not much has changed in terms of education since then. A particular concern is that the system of education might have designed to impoverish African people and perpetuate dependency to the western nations. Hence, at the core center of the educational system is the curriculum which seem to be inevitable and requires an alteration, particularly in South Africa. Therefore, the outlook of this paper is to critique and interrogate the system of education in South Africa looking at the socio-economic development and a continuous alteration in respect of the curriculum. The paper shows that for the realization of African renaissance, ideals of Africa Agenda 2063 and accelerated development, the system of education must be transformed and be Africanized to benefit the people of Africa. The paper uses literature-based approach as a methodological framework in order to analyze the status quo of education in South Africa. The paper concludes and recommends that the transformation of current educational system requires an alteration to the inclusive of indigenous knowledge to vigorously respond to socio-economic woes in Africa. Furthermore, the paper advocates for indigenous knowledge consideration in the incessant curriculum renewal.

PERAN PROGRAM BANYUWANGI MENGAJAR DALAM MENGURANGI KETIMPANGAN AKSES PENDIDIKAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAERAH

The problem of inequality in access and quality of education in Banyuwangi is caused by the unequal distribution of resources, which affects the quality of human resources (HR) and the economy. The purpose of this study is to analyse inequality in access to education in remote areas and the role of education administration in addressing it. role of education administration in overcoming it. This research methodology uses a qualitative, literature-based approach to analyse qualitative, literature-based approach to analyse inequality in access to education and the impact of education administration on the regional economy. The results The results of this study show that collaboration between the government, the community and the private sector in the Banyuwangi Mengajar programme is crucial to private sector in the Banyuwangi Teaching Programme is essential to addressing education inequality in remote areas. The programme successfully programme has succeeded in improving the capacity of the teaching staff and ensuring equitable distribution of education resources. The research conclusions emphasise that this collaboration plays a crucial in improving access and quality of education in remote areas. The programme Banyuwangi Mengajar programme can strengthen synergies between parties, ensure equitable distribution of education resources and sustainably reduce education inequality, and sustainably reduce educational inequality. This research highlights the importance of an inclusive approach in education to build a better foundation for economic and social development in the area. a better foundation for economic and social development in underdeveloped areas. underdeveloped areas.

Comparison of Cultural Values in the Family, Case Study: in Indonesia and Cambodia

The unique culture of each region is realized through the instillation of cultural values ​​in the family, which shape the character and identity of each community. This process not only maintains traditions but also enriches life experiences and relationships between family members. The aim of this research is to find out what culture is like in the family environment for Indonesian society and Cambodian society. The method used in this research is qualitative using a literature-based approach. This research obtained results that with cultural development it is able to form a character that exists in a family, both children and parents. Indonesia and Cambodia are countries that are famous for their strong culture. Instilling cultural values ​​through parental advice to their children is an effective way to pass on traditions and principles of life, teach the importance of respecting culture, and shape children's character and identity so that they remain connected to the family's cultural roots. The meaning of the culture taught by parents at home to their children will be instilled and carried out every day. The culture that is used to form religious behavior is such as respecting other people's culture, respecting those who are older than us, dressing politely, parental activity plays a very important role in forming the cultural character of the family.

Decisive gene strategy on osteoarthritis: a comprehensive whole-literature based approach for conclusive gene targets.

Previous meta-analyses only examined the association between single or several gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis (OA), whereas no studies have concluded that there are existing all gene loci that associate with OA. To assess whether a definite conclusion of the association between the gene loci and OA can be drawn. Decisive gene strategy (DGS), a literature-based approach, was used to search PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for all meta-analyses that associated gene polymorphisms and OA. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) examined the sufficiency of the cumulative sample size. Finally, we assessed the importance of gene loci in OA based on whether there were enough sample sizes and the heterogeneity of the literatures with I2 value. After excluding 179 irrelevant publications, 80 meta-analysis papers were recruited. Among Caucasians, SMAD3 rs12901499 (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.29) was a risk factor with validation of sufficient sample sizes through TSA model. Among Asians, there were 3 gene loci risk factors with validation of sufficient sample sizes through TSA model: ESR1 rs2228480, SMAD3 rs12901499, and MMP-1 rs1799750 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.69; OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07-1.69; OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18-1.74, respectively). Besides, 3 gene loci, DVWA rs7639618, GDF5 rs143383, and VDR rs7975232 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90; OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67-0.81; OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90, respectively) were identified as protective factors through TSA model. We used DGS to identify conclusive gene loci associated with OA. These findings provide implications of precision medicine in OA and may potentially advance genetic therapy.

Supplementary Strategies for Organizational Resilience in the Times of Crises : A Literature Review

This literature review explores complementary strategies for enhancing organizational resilience during crises. The study examines how innovation, dynamic capabilities, internal competencies, external support, and crisis-derived opportunities interact with resilience to help businesses survive and thrive in uncertain times. Through analysis of 26 Scopus-indexed articles from 1998 to 2024, the paper proposes an integrated model positioning organizational resilience as the core element, supported by innovation and dynamic capabilities as key enablers. Internal capabilities like networking and adaptability, along with external factors such as government support and digitalization, further reinforce resilience. Additionally, the study highlights how crises, despite their challenges, can drive positive transformation and growth when approached strategically. The proposed model suggests that maximizing these complementary elements collectively strengthens an organization's capacity to weather crises and emerge stronger. While providing valuable insights, the paper acknowledges limitations in its literature-based approach and calls for empirical testing across diverse contexts. This research contributes to a more holistic understanding of organizational resilience, offering a framework for businesses to develop comprehensive strategies for navigating crises and capitalizing on emergent opportunities.

Review of Cost Control Research in Prefabricated Construction under EPC Mode

Aims: Amidst the accelerating global urbanization and growing demand for sustainable development, prefabricated construction emerges as a pivotal transformational force in the construction industry due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. This paper comprehensively reviews cost control research in prefabricated construction under the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) model. Study Design: The study adopts a literature-based approach, incorporating findings from domestic and international scholars, to uncover the critical issues and challenges in cost control within the EPC framework. Additionally, it analyzes the application of technological innovations such as BIM (Building Information Modeling) and DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) in cost control, offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for prefabricated construction under EPC. Place and Duration of Study: The research spans various regions globally, examining recent practices and theoretical advancements in cost control for prefabricated construction projects under EPC over the past decade to ensure timeliness and comprehensiveness. Methodology: The methodology encompasses a systematic literature review to construct a theoretical framework, coupled with an analysis of case studies showcasing effective cost control measures. Furthermore, the study explores the utilization of BIM and DEMATEL to enhance cost prediction accuracy, process monitoring, and decision-making support. Results: The findings reveal that the EPC model facilitates more systematic and efficient cost control in prefabricated construction. The application of BIM significantly improves cost forecasting precision and process transparency, enabling timely cost deviation identification and correction. DEMATEL effectively identifies key cost drivers and their interrelationships, informing targeted cost control strategies. Conclusion: This paper underscores the significance of cost control in prefabricated construction under the EPC model and highlights the pivotal role of BIM and DEMATEL in enhancing cost control effectiveness. It concludes by advocating for deeper integration of prefabricated construction with the EPC model to propel the green, intelligent transformation and sustainable development of the construction industry.

The Power of ZPD: Enhancing Teaching and Learning

The purpose of this research is to examine the educational implications of Vygotsky's (1978) notion of the Zone of Proximal Development, originally developed to account for the learning potential of children, and investigate ZPD applications in teaching and learning. Literature-based approach is used to gather the data. This research review represents the meaning of ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development), discusses the implications of ZPD for teaching and learning, and then classroom strategies. This paper presented the diverse applications of the ZPD in academic settings, highlighting its capacity to enhance instructional strategies and promote the development of learners. To create inclusive learning environments where every student can reach their full potential, educators are advised to use formative assessment practices, scaffolding techniques, peer collaboration promotion, differentiation of instruction, and technology tool integration.

Study Theological Approach on Abortion Actions based on Psalm 139:13 and the Responsibility of Today’s Church Leaders

The church is a community united by the Lord Jesus Christ, empowered to be witnesses, agents, and examples. However, reality shows that the church often tends to be closed off and does not consistently practice God's love and justice, whether towards its congregation, among church organizations, or towards the surrounding environment, particularly concerning the issue of abortion among teenagers and young people. This study aims to analyse abortion in light of Psalm 139:13 and outline contemporary church leaders' responsibilities. The methodology employed is qualitative, using a literature-based approach (library research) grounded in hermeneutical study. Hermeneutics universally refers to the theoretical and methodological process of understanding the meanings of signs and symbols used in verbal or non-verbal communication. The approach used is the grammatical-historical study approach. The results of this research indicate that abortion of unwanted foetuses is inconsistent with biblical teachings; therefore, contemporary church leaders have a responsibility to nurture the morality of youth to help them avoid engaging in premarital sex, which could lead to abortion.

Ukuhlakanishiswa kwezilimi zomdabu Zama-Afrika Enyuvesi yaseFreyistata nomthelela wolwazimfundo kwabalukhulumayo

The University of the Free State Language Policy 2024 takes off from the premise that, firstly, students come from diverse linguistic backgrounds, of which the majority come from a Sesotho language background. Secondly, when our students join the university, they are confronted by English as the medium of instruction which is not their language, thus, it creates a barrier to effective learning. Thirdly, when our students join their specific disciplines, they are also confronted by unfamiliar environments of new disciplinary terminology and concepts which they are expected to learn and master in a foreign language. The language policy made a conscious commitment to develop and intellectualise Sesotho so that it becomes an academic language and a resource for supporting academic access and success for African students, in alignment with the Language Policy Framework for Higher Education 2020. This paper employs a literature-based methodological approach, focusing on a single university as a qualitative case study. Underpinned by the Language Management Theory, we argue that the African indigenous language, Sesotho, requires an effective and conscious process of intellectualisation. Strategies like terminology development are proposed to effectively support the learning of new concepts and theories across disciplines and thus reduce the burden imposed by English instruction among Sesotho speakers. The paper also argues that the intellectualisation of African languages in higher education is critical for ensuring that African students are not provided access without support in the persistent English monolingual higher education fraternity. IQOQA INqubomgomo Yolimi YeNyuvesi YaseFreyistata Yowezi-2024 isusela embonweni wokuthi, okokuqala, abafundi baphuma ezizindeni ezahlukene zezilimi, iningi labo liphuma emakhaya okukhulunywa ulimi lweSesotho. Okwesibili, uma abafundi bengena enyuvesi babhekana nesiNgisi njengolimi lokufundisa okungelona ulimi lwabo, ngaleyo ndlela, kudala isithiyo ekufundeni ngempumelelo. Okwesithathu, lapho abafundi bengena emikhakheni yabo ehlukahlukene abazikhethele yona baphinde babhekane nezimo ezingajwayelekile zamagama amasha aqondene nemikhakha yemfundo abakuyo okulindeleke ukuthi bawafunde futhi bawazi kahle ngolimi lwangaphandle. Inqubomgomo yolimi inika isibophezelo ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhlakanishisweni kweSesotho ukuze sibe ulimi lolwazimfundo kanye nensizakusebenza yokweseka abafundi abangama-Afrika ukuba bafinyelele kulwazimfundo ngempumelelo. Le nqubomgomo iyahambisana futhi noHlaka Lwenqubomgomo Yolimi Yemfundo Ephakeme wezi-2020. Ukubukwa kwalezi zinqubomgomo neminye imibhalo yocwaningo kungenye yezindlela zocwaningo ezisetshenzisiwe njengocwaningo lwesimo ngaphansi kwendlelande yocwaningo lobunjalo botho. Leli phepha elisekelwe Injulalwazi Yokulawulwa Kolimi liqakulisa ngokuthi ulimi lomdabu lwase-Afrika, iSesotho, ludinga inqubo esebenzayo neqaphelayo yobuhlakani ngokusebenzisa amasu afana nokwakhiwa kwamagama. Lokhu kusemqoka ukuze kusekele ngempumelelo ukufundwa kwemicabangonzulu nezinjulalwazi ezintsha emikhakheni yemfundo abakuyo abafundi abakhuluma ulimi lweSesotho. Okunye futhi lokhu kuzophinde kunciphise amandla athweswa isiNgisi phakathi kwabakhulumi bolimi lweSesotho. Leli phepha liphinde liphakamise ukuhlakanishiswa kwezilimi zomdabu zase-Afrika emfundweni ephakeme kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abafundi abangama-Afrika abanikezwa amathuba okufunda ngaphandle kokusekwa kodwa benikwa imfundo yesiNgisi ewubulimibunye.

Harmony Unveiled: Sharia Law and Human Rights in Dubai's Justice

Utilizing a literature review as the primary method, this study delved into the navigation of tradition and modernity within Dubai's criminal justice system. The methodology entailed a comprehensive review of existing scholarly works, legal documents, and reports pertaining to the subject matter. The analysis synthesized insights from various sources to examine the system's integration of international human rights values and Sharia law principles. Additionally, it explored mechanisms for defending minority rights and assessed perceptions of the system's fairness and effectiveness among different segments of the population. Through this literature-based approach, key findings emerged. Firstly, the majority of sources indicated that the system effectively balances international human rights standards with Sharia law principles. Secondly, specialized courts and legal aid provisions were identified as mechanisms for safeguarding minority rights. Lastly, while the system was generally perceived as providing adequate protection, opportunities for improvement, such as enhancing access to justice for marginalized groups, were highlighted. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the Dubai criminal justice system has successfully negotiated tradition and modernity, offering valuable insights for other jurisdictions. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term implications of these findings and to refine strategies for ongoing enhancement in response to evolving societal demands.

Nyerere’s Philosophy of Education for Self-Reliance and Its Implications for Enhancing the Socio-Economic Dimension of Current Kenyan University Education

While considerable attention has been devoted to exploring the potential of higher education in driving economic development, comparatively less focus has been directed towards its role in nurturing social imperatives associated with education. In the same vein, the economic benefits of a university degree in Kenya have been emphasised, while the social relevance of serving society has not received enough attention. In order to strengthen the social and economic paradigms of higher education in Kenya, the article examine the unique contribution of Nyerere's philosophy of education for self-reliance in the realm of African educational philosophies. The purpose of this study was to analyse what educational implications Kenyan universities can adopt from Nyerere's education for self-reliance philosophy using a literature-based research approach. The methodology of the study used was a multifaceted technique that comprised a literature review, conceptual analysis, a comprehensive content analysis and triangulation for evaluating relevant books, research studies, scholarly works and official papers about the socio-economic role of university education and Nyerere's philosophy of education. The study's findings indicated that the Nyerere educational philosophy, which is characterized by its invaluable lessons on the roles of the teacher, curriculum development, and the purpose of university education, may have beneficial implications on Kenyan university education. The socio-economic dimensions of university education emphasize enhancing society through problem-solving, community engagement, and career-oriented learning. The study also underscored the vital need for training for jobs in both white-collar and blue-collar fields by universities, the incorporation of problem-solving skills relevant to the 21st century, on-going professional development, and benchmarking. These recommendations could be the cornerstone of socio-economic education reforms at Kenyan universities, which could prepare its youth for the dynamic opportunities of the twenty-first century, positioning Kenya as a forerunner in the global advancement of socio-economic dimension of university education.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE KETELADANAN RASULULLAH DALAM KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TELAAH PEMIKIRAN ABDUL FATTAH ABU GHUDDAH

This research delves into the implementation of the method of emulating Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) within the Islamic religious education curriculum using a literature-based approach. The book "Rasulullah Sang Guru" authored by Abdul Fattah Abu Ghuddah serves as the primary source material for this study. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the relevance of employing the method of emulating the Prophet in the context of Islamic religious education in Indonesia. The research findings indicate that although the method of emulating the Prophet is not fully integrated into classroom instruction, Islamic religious education instructors consistently demonstrate these principles in their daily lives outside the classroom, such as adhering to Islamic dress codes and exhibiting religious behavior. The implication of this research emphasizes the importance of developing Islamic religious education curricula that place a stronger emphasis on the practical application of the Prophet's method of emulation. Collaboration among academics, practitioners, and policymakers is required to develop curricula that are more effective and relevant. This research underscores that the method of emulating Prophet Muhammad holds significant value in Islamic education. The use of "Rasulullah Sang Guru" provides a deeper understanding of the method of emulating Prophet Muhammad.

The New Normal and Academic Libraries: Challenges and Prospects

The paper explored the new normal in the context of academic libraries, focusing on both challenges and opportunities. It aims to identify innovative technologies for library adaptation to the new normal, examine the difficulties in implementing these technologies in library services, and propose potential solutions to these challenges. A literature-based approach was adopted to explore how libraries can leverage advanced technology to adapt to the new normal. The findings highlighted the importance of evaluating library service delivery in developing countries to promote awareness of technological advancements and ensure the sustainable efficiency of library services in the post-pandemic era. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the use and popularity of technological advancements in organizations have risen sharply. Libraries and librarians had to adapt to the new normal as the pandemic disrupted traditional organizational methods. For Recommendation, the study suggests that libraries in less developed countries should focus on developing human capacity, promote self-improvement among librarians, and collaborate with libraries in developed countries to update skills.

Ghirah dalam Tafsir fi Zilal Al-Qur’an (Analisis Semangat Bela Agama pada QS Al-An’am Ayat 68-70)

This article addresses what should be done when one’s religion is insulted or harassed. Namely the spirit of passion or jealousy when one’s religion is insulted. This problem is caused by the large number of cases of insults against the Islamic religion. Sayyid Qutb’s thoughts were used as the basis, because he was an Islamic reformer and active against tyranny. For this reason, this article contains several problems: a.) what is meant by ghirah?; b.) how is the interpretation of QS. al-An’am verses 68-70 in the interpretation of Fi Zilal Al-Qur’an?; and c.) how is the relationship between ghirah and the spirit of defending religion in QS. al-An’am verses 68-70? The research uses a literature-based qualitative approach. As for the results of this research: first, Sayyid Qutb interpreted this verse as a command to Muslims to let people who make fun of religion, cut ties with them and avoid them. Apart from just reminding, correcting deviant opinions within the boundaries of muamalah. Second, defending religion cannot be separated from the obligations of every Muslim. Religious followers certainly will not accept it if their religion is insulted. The order to distance oneself and not associate with religious mockers is a response based on feelings of enthusiasm for the spirit of defending one’s religion. The implications of the research can provide direction for Muslims in navigating these challenges in a way that is in accordance with Islamic teachings and inspires a strong attitude in defending the truth of their religion.

Analysis Study of Hadiths Towards the Fatwa Book on Several Issues by H.M. Arsyad Thalib Lubis

This study delves into the analysis of Hadith in H.M. Arsyad Thalib Lubis' Fatwa Book, titled Some Problems, with a specific focus on investigating the status of the Sanad and Matan, as well as exploring the method of Fiqhul Hadith employed in the book. The primary inquiries include determining Sanad's status, Matan's status, and the Fiqh al-Hadith method employed by Arsyad Talib Lubis. The research utilizes a literature-based approach with a scientific and methodological orientation. The findings reveal that out of 154 hadiths in the book, 97 are Sahih, 34 are Hasan, 14 are Da'if, 1 is Munkar, and 8 are not found in the Mutun al-Hadith. The Matan's status affirms that the contained hadiths align with the principles of the Qur'an, hadith, Ijma', Qiyas, and commendable Muslim practices, encouraging their incorporation into daily worship. The Fiqh al-Hadith method outlined in the book encompasses understanding the hadith following Quranic instructions, considering background, situational conditions, and purpose, distinguishing between variable means and fixed ends, discerning expressions of haqiqi and majadzi, recognizing the distinction between the unseen and the real, and ascertaining the meaning of words in the hadith. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of Hadith analysis and offer valuable insights for scholars and practitioners of Islamic jurisprudence.

Exploring Informatizaon Instructional Core Competence of Higher Vocational College Teacher for Professional Development

In the dynamic landscape of educational information technology, the proficiency of vocational college teachers in this domain has garnered significant attention due to its rapid evolution. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the foundational aspects of vocational college teachers' competence in information technology instruction. The primary objective is to augment these teachers’ capabilities and foster their professional growth in the realm of information technology teaching. The six pivotal elements rooted in TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) are analysed using a literature-based approach. These elements encompass technological knowledge, content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and technological pedagogical content knowledge. The findings illustrate the distinctive contribution of each element to the information technology teaching competence of vocational college teachers, thereby facilitating their holistic professional development. The nuanced enhancement of these competency indicators equips teachers to adeptly navigate the demands of information technology instruction, cultivates their professional prowess, and enables them to deliver the highest-quality educational services.
 
 Received: 2 January 2024 / Accepted: 29 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024