Examples Of Literature Research Articles

Descartes’s Ethics: Generosity in the Flesh

This paper focuses on the emotional make-up of Descartes’s generous person. Described as having complete control over the passions, the generous person is not passion-free; she feels compassion for those in need but unable to bear their misfortunes with fortitude, hates vice, takes satisfaction in her own virtue, etc. To bring to light the coherence of the generous person’s emotional configuration, a compare and contrast analysis with Descartes’s deficient moral type, the abject person, is provided. Real life as well as literary examples (Queen Christina of Sweden, Descartes himself and Kadhy Demba, one of the main characters of Marie NDiaye’s novel Trois Femmes Puissantes) further refine the portrait of Descartes’s generous person and show that generosity is achievable by anyone who uses their will well. Descartes’s position on harmonizing the passions is reconstructed as a developmental trajectory: harmonizing the emotions is possible courtesy of God who put this sphere of created affairs under our jurisdiction; harmonizing the passions is required since the alternative is sub-optimal (souls enslaved and miserable); finally, harmonizing the emotions is satisfying. Since, as the above examples demonstrate, in the process of making their emotional composition coherent, different people take different routes and thus “create for themselves a personal, quite personal ideal,” acquiring Cartesian generosity points the way to Nietzsche’s later notion of self-creation.

Marian Literary Culture: Lydgate, his Heirs, and the End of Tragedy

Marian Literary Culture: Lydgate, his Heirs, and the End of Tragedy

Социалистический реализм VS религия

The phenomenon of Soviet literature is a controversial chapter in the Russian history of the 20th century which was dominated by socialist ideology and where relations between the authors and the authorities were regulated by special rules. Thus, the literature of the Soviet period was characterized by its driving ambition to realize its place in time and space. Now experts agree that it integrated various sets of values. Soviet literature was used for educational, ideological, political and other purposes. This article explores the relation between ideology, religion and art using the example of socialist realism literature. The fact that the topic of religion fell by the wayside in the age of scientific atheism and socialist realism is of great interest for religion studies. The author aims to define the role of religion in the Soviet ideological and cultural process. This article examines various instruments of socialist realism, verifies dependence of literature on the society and value systems of the time, as well as analyzes relevant articles of distinguished scholars in culture and literature studies. The main result of this research is proving the existence of psychological component in socialist realism, alongside with the ideological and artistic ones.

СВІТОГЛЯДНІ ЗАСАДИ "ПОЕТИКИ" ТЕОФАНА ПРОКОПОВИЧА

The article examines the peculiarities of the worldview foundations of "Poetics" by Theophan Prokopovych. The thesis is substantiated that the ideological foundations of the treatise are generally educational. It is emphasized on the author's criticism and denial of Baroque norms, as the opposition to the enlightenment theses. Prokopovych represents the author's vision of well-known concepts and categories of theoretical poetics, showing the examples of the world literature. The thinker argues with traditional understandings of a number of categories, while offering innovative and relevant to his era theses. The writer develops the idea of the necessity to adhere to the stated theoretical provisions, representing them as a model for further literary development. The treatise, having not only theoretical but also practical character, represents the peculiarities of literary evolution. In "Poetics" by Theophan Prokopovych, we observe the development of the tradition of creating such treatises in school institutions. The author's contribution to the improvement of this genre and its existence in Ukrainian literature is important. The studied treatise represents the author's departure from the baroque tradition of poetics, even in some cases its denial, the presentation of individual worldview in the field of theory and history of literature. T. Prokopovych offered his vision of poetic art and its understanding in an educational way. The traditional thesis in science about the worldview principles of the treatise "Poetics" as synthetic in nature, combining traditions of Antiquity, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, is discussed and supplemented by considerations of the predominance in the treatise of classical and enlightenment elements. The author's character is also clearly shown in the presentation of T. Prokopovych's artistic texts in "Poetics", which tend towards the Enlightenment style. In general, written in the era of Ukrainian literary Baroque "Poetics" by Theophan Prokopovych leads a discussion with the ideas and theses of the day as those that have lost their relevance and need to be modernized. Thus, the essence of the worldview principles of the treatise is in their revolutionary nature in relation to the ruling era and the establishment of innovation in the field of theory and history of literature, which Prokopovych notices in the Enlightenment.

LITERARY PROJECTION OF PANDEMIC IN MARLEN HAUSHOFER’S NOVEL «THE WALL»

The context of a historical period may provoke unexpected interpretation of this or that book because of its parallels with current social phenomena. The plot of M. Haushofer’s novel has such distinct similarities to the present reality, that it makes scientists reinterpret it. Though this literary work was published in German in 1963, it was translated into Ukrainian in 2020, that explains a small number of studies, devoted to its analysis. The number of the reviews on this novel has recently grown in English-language literary sources, emphasizing the need of reinterpretation of the novel in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection, that proves topicality of the theme of the article. The purpose of the study is to examine the specificity of a literary projection of pandemic in M. Haushofer’s novel «The Wall», identifying and analyzing literary versions of mythoscenarios in it. Yu. Vyshnytska’s concept described in her monograph «Mythological scenarios in the modern literary and publicist discourse» was chosen as a theoretical foundation of the research. The following methods of literary analysis – intertextual, semiological, psychoanalytical and poetological – were used in the course of the research. At the beginning of the novel «The Wall» there are elements of the mythoscenario of the end, based on eschatological plots. This mythoscenario in M. Haushofer’s work is a part of a dualistic model together with the mythoscenario of the beginning which is a universal worldview model. The dystopia «The Wall» can be considered an original literary projection of pandemic that is visible most distinctly in the plot of isolation, in articulation of the basic archaic opposition «life–death». The work of the Austrian author vividly visualizes it in the mythoscenarios of the beginning, the end and initiation which show diffusion of the structural contours and transgenic features – the ability of one mythoscenario to merge with another. Interpretation of these mythoscenarios allows identifying the analyzed novel as an example of neomythological literature. M. Haushofer’s dystopia opens space for literary studies of different aspects, in particular, prospects of further research can be seen in psychoanalytical investigation of the character-narrator’s state caused by isolation.

Mikrostanovi - postizanje prostornog komfora u potstandardnim uslovima za stanovanje

Micro-housing means living in substandard conditions, in housing units that are very small in size. Such apartments usually have only the most basic contents, such as rooms for rest, kitchens and bathrooms, and they do not meet all functionality aspects, because users consciously choose to forego certain living needs in order to live in a certain location or have lower maintenance costs. The research considers characteristic examples of micro-apartments and analyses reference literature, in order to extract design principles from extensive material, through which it is possible to achieve spatial comfort in apartments of minimal dimensions. The aim of the research is to consider and systematize the most important principles that can achieve a higher level of spatial comfort in substandard conditions for micro-housing. The paper examines the view that the lower limit of the range of microhousing is the personal experience of comfort and convenience in the living space, determined by how well it meets the users' physiological needs. According to the results of the research, in order to have minimum spatial comfort in an apartment, it is necessary to have a rest area (bed), with the possibility of using a common space for food preparation and personal hygiene, which lowers the default lower limit of interpreting the term "micro-housing".

El viaje romántico en clave de género: Carolina Coronado y su paseo europeo desde el Tajo al Rin

This work focuses on one of the very few examples of women's travel literature during Spanish Romanticism: the series of seven articles published by Carolina Coronado in the newspaper La Ilustración between 1851 and 1852 under the title «Un paseo desde el Tajo al Rhin. Descansando en el Palacio de Cristal». In the mid-19th century, Spanish women, unlike their European counterparts, still showed little inclination to travel and, moreover, their marginal socio-literary position was not an incentive to leave a written record of their few trans-Pyrenean excursions. Carolina Coronado, however, travelled around Europe for several months and dared to recount her experience in a literary genre unusual for Spanish women through the pages of one of the most modern illustrated newspapers of the time, which constitutes a female intellectual and authorial assertion that is absolutely unusual in our cultural context of the mid-1800s. This article reviews the discoursive strategies, devices and negotiations through which Carolina Coronado's exercise of authority was able to find its place in the public sphere —the nineteenth-century Spanish press— to become a singular example of female romantic travel literature.

Wahrnehmung des Todes in der mittelalterlichen und modernen Gesellschaft am Beispiel von „Der Ackermann aus Böhmen“ und „Jedermann“

The article deals with the topic of death and its perception in medieval and modern society. The German work "The Ploughman from Bohemia" by Johannes von Tepl serves as an example of medieval literature and the play "Jedermann" was used as a representative of modern Austrian literature. The article focuses on the comparison of the two above-mentioned works, whereby a more detailed analysis of the works is carried out with a focus on the aspect of death. Another aim is to compare these works and at the same time prove their timeless validity, which distinguishes both works, although they are separated by several centuries. The article was written on the basis of the master's thesis I defended in Brno in 2020.

Aviso: Posibilidades de doble vida más adelante (Warning: Possibility of Double Lives Ahead) Ensayo de investigación*

Fictitious matriarch Morticia Addams once said, “Normal is an illusion. Normal for the spider is chaos for the fly.” In today’s society, overly simplified generalizations about a specific type of person are called “stereotypes.” They are assumptions people make about what is normal for all individuals in a perceived group. But this image is an illusion, a false caricature that must be questioned. The novel La detective miope (The Myopic Detective), written by Rosa Ribas and published in 2010, is an example of contemporary Spanish literature that challenges these preconceived notions. Ribas meticulously crafts characters that appear to fit into conventional expectations of “normal.” Yet each one hides an unforeseen side that provokes a reevaluation of concepts such as gender, occupation, and personal motives. From the secrets between a father and his daughter to the corruption of the police force and other prestigious professions- a lawyer, a bank manager, a wholesaler of fabrics, Ribas traces a parallel between these members of society and a producer of porn films, his star actress Honey Horney, and a drag queen. She challenges the reader’s assumptions about what is normal in order to make a revealing critique about the society in which these generalizations persist.

Tłumaczenie parodii – przestrzeń eksperymentu? (Tuwim, Leśmian i zaproszenie do gry)

Translating Parody as a Domain of Experiment The author explores the possibilities of parody translation, based on a 1933 Polish literary example. Poet Julian Tuwim imitates with a vengeance the highly idiosyncratic diction of Bolesław Leśmian, including the latter’s signature trait, neologisms, while styling the piece as a supposed rewriting of a familiar children’s rhyme (folk song) about a kitten. This second hypotext is diagnosed as ancillary and it is argued that a translation of the ‘X as would have been written by Y’ parody should harness a replacement of X, functional for the target culture. As an experiment, possible substitutes are suggested for the Russian and Anglo-Saxon cultures, correspondent with the languages into which Leśmian, the parodied poet, has been quite extensively rendered. The author discusses factors conditioning the translatability of parody, including reception in the target context. The analysis closes with a call for translations. One such response to the challenge is appended.

Printed hyper-texts in the Greek literature for children. Breaking the canon and creating a new type of implied reader: the case of Eugene Trivizasa

The article focuses on two ground-breaking books by the renowned author Eugene Trivizas, which adopt a hyper -media logic, incorporating, apart from text and image, forms of expression that refer to the digital world of multimedia.
 We analyse in detail the hyper-text characteristics of the selected books which make the process of reading a game that involves the energetic participation of the young readers.
 We argue that in view of the contemporary canon of the Greek children's literature, that is, books that adopt a linear form of narration, printed hyper-texts like the ones we examine are examples of non-canonical literature, and enrich the form but also the content of contemporary Greek literature for children. At the same time, because of their hyper-text characteristics, such books construct an implied reader with quite a few qualifications, an implied reader who is not deterred by their neoteric form, accepts the initiative that they offer him and enjoys the reading game.

Am I not a child? Palestinian child rights’ violations in Cathryn Clinton’s A Stone in My Hand (2002)

Taking the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) as a framework, this article tackles the numerous violations of children’s rights in Palestine that are reflected in Cathryn Clinton’s young-adult (YA) novel, A Stone in My Hand (2002). The article aims to illustrate how Clinton’s novel, like other contemporary YA fiction, explores major child rights violations in Palestine, such as arbitrary death, violent treatments, mental violence, illegal detention, torture of children, restrictions of movement, lack of health insurance, denial of good education, and poverty and unemployment. For this purpose, the article is divided into two parts. The first sheds light on the genre of YA fiction and the reasons behind its present interest in children’s rights worldwide, in general, and Palestine in particular, with examples of such literature. The second part discusses several articles of the UNCRC including, but not limited to 6, 19, 24, 27, 28, 31, 37, 38, and illustrates how Clinton’s novel elucidates the ways in which these articles are clearly violated.

The banquet of the kingdom

The use of virtual liturgy during the pandemic has shown dedication on the part of both clergy and laity. Employing virtual means to do this, however, presents questions and concerns about the nature of the Church and the eucharist in their eschatological dimension. This article explores this dimension and how it relates to the practice of virtual liturgy. In this article, the author describes the early eucharist as a meal involving physical bodies gathered to eat physical food and examines the meal as an anticipation of the kingdom of God, referring to literary and archeological examples and reviewing its historical tendency to be abridged into something immaterial. In the final section, the author notes how this history of abridgement, including virtual eucharists, destroys its eschatological dimension while promoting an individualistic, clericalist, and consumerist spirituality. A summary and suggestions for the better use of virtual media close the article.

Ekspresja i empatia. Tauromachia okiem Reymonta ("Los toros")

Reymont wrote the short story, 'Los toros', in the year 1907 after coming back from Spain, where he witnessed a corrida in San Sebastián. The choice of the genre was intentional. The writer used it to reflect the realities of life and depict a group portrait of Spaniards, in which he succeeded without a doubt, using all with his literary imagination and ability to make his works metaphoric. Baffled by the corrida as an element of Spanish culture, Reymont did not express his moral approval of torturing animals (bulls and horses) on stage. On the contrary, his narration is full of sympathy and expressions that indicate emotional engagement. The turning point, the act of pardon performed by the young shepherd and the narrator’s friend towards the bull, indicates that Reymont’s reception of the corrida was empathic. Now, we had two conclusions on the contesting of the phenomenon. Reymont’s work was used by the French Chamber of Deputies as a literary example of disapproval of bloody spectacles that are justified by tradition.

THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE LIFE WORLD IN THE SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN

The article examines the transformation of the image of the life world, reflected in the problematics and value system of significant works of literature for children of the Soviet and post-Soviet period (on the example of Ukrainian and Russian literature). It is shown that literature for children quite clearly reflects the cultural and social environment, which allows the text to be dated to within a decade, but the best works go beyond their immediate context, which allows them to function in fundamentally new social conditions. The study of books that have an enduring popularity even after the country and society where they were created, have ceased to be, demonstrate remarkable vitality. Studying of the complex of ideas and values that underlie these texts can be helpful for better understanding of the axiological constants that can survive political, social and ideological transformations. Other important theme is the transformation of the reception of a text, were some layers of meaning can be actualized, and some – ignored, whether consciously or subconsciously. The study of selective reception of the text according to the dominant cultural paradigm can also have culturological value. Soviet literature for children cannot be evaluated only as a product of a conservative totalitarian society. It was constantly transformed, which led to the fact that the date of writing the text can almost always be set to the nearest decade. The study of these differences helps to see more clearly the trends of cultural change on a civilizational and global scale. Another aspect is the understanding of Ukrainian literature for children, which was formed within the general Soviet paradigm, although it has always had its own uniqueness. With the disintegration of the Union, and especially with the political events of recent years, Ukrainian literature has clearly separated from Russian in terms of both topics and guidelines. It is worth tracing which tendencies are common to both literatures, which are global, and which are peculiar only to our culture. It is also worth researching the comparison of modern Ukrainian literature with other cultural traditions, both to learn from the experience and to assert the uniqueness of their own art and their own world of life.

Mykhailo Bernov as a Pioneer of Hiking Tourism: Travel through Spain and Algeria (Part I. Spain. November 1893 — February 1894)

This article considers the formation of hiking in the Russian Empire and Europe in the late 19th century. Its socio-cultural context is also defined. Particular attention is paid to the person of Mykhailo Bernov as one of the founders of hiking in the Russian Empire and Europe and his multifaceted activities in the development of communication between peoples, social actualization of knowledge about the world. Biography, information about popularization activity and publishing activity of Mykhailo Bernov are also given.In the first part of this study, the route of Mykhailo Bernov’s journey from France to Spain, and then through Spain, Algeria and the Sahara in 1892–1893, was reconstructed on the basis of his “travel notes” “Spain, Algeria and the Sahara” (St. Petersburg, 1899) and periodical data.Mykhailo Bernov left detailed descriptions of nature, countryside and major cities of Spain, monuments of history, culture and art, accompanied by historical excursions, interpretation of their own names. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of Spanish opera and theatrical life.It is concluded that sincere interest and respect for local traditions, thorough general training allowed Mykhailo Bernov to create in his notes a broad and colourful canvas of life of the country and people of Spain in the late 19th century, to capture the features of national culture and character. Bernov’s “travel notes” are based on direct communication with the Spanish common people, representatives of the elite and the administration, acquaintance with folk culture, examples of high art and literature. In his notes he makes comparisons of Spanish people with other nations. Bernov tried to understand Spain and its people, sought common socio-cultural features and values, and explained the features of “otherness” by nature, religion, state foundations, the course of history, and so on.Mykhailo Bernov’s notes on his travels in Spain as a source, in our opinion, contain a lot of useful and interesting information for researchers on the history of hiking, monuments, archaeology, ethnography, etc.

Literatura na łamach „Przeglądu Polskiego” w latach 1866–1891 (100 pierwszych numerów pisma)

The paper contains an overview of literary works and texts about literature (reviews, historical-literary studies), which were published in „Przegląd Polski” in the period 1866-1890 (the first one hundred issues of the paper). A list of writers, reviewers, translators and literary researchers who published in the periodical has been compiled. In most cases, pseudonyms have been decoded (unsigned texts are treated as anonymous). Also, a record of works published and reviewed in the journal has been drawn up, as well as examples of foreign literature translated into Polish. Statistics and lists have been subjected to quantitative and qualitative assessment.

Intertextuality as an Integral Component of the Modern Ukrainian Discourse (on the Example of Literary and Journalistic Styles)

The article highlights the impact of globalization processes on formation of dominant worldviews and guidelines, as well as ways and means of representing the latter. The state and prospects of studying intertextuality as an important element of modern world discourses in the projection on the national cultural background are studied. Attention is drawn to the high degree of development of both theoretical and applied aspects of intertextuality of discourses by representatives of academic communities of different countries and fields of knowledge, which gave grounds to establish the polydiscursive and interdiscursive nature of the object of analysis. Orientation of domestic experts on parameterization of mainly specific manifestations of intertextuality within certain discourses at the level of isolated intertexts and presence of gaps in the theoretical description of the phenomenon in the context of national specificity is stated. Emphasis is placed on the definite variability of the terminology due to the interdisciplinary nature of discursiveness and, accordingly, intertextuality. A complementary link has been established between postmodernism as the dominant philosophical worldview and the intertextuality of discourses. The specifics of the intertextuality of contemporary Ukrainian literary discourse with regard to various scientific studies are clarified. The concept of “intertextual memory” is introduced and justification of its use is given. The need to apply the term “postmodern intertextuality” in relation to contemporary literary discourse is considered. The common and distinctive features of the manifestation of intertextuality in literary and journalistic discourses are traced. The specifics of intertextuality of Ukrainian journalistic discourse are described. It is established that the precedent character of the communicative act is of exceptional importance for realization of intertextuality in journalistic discourse.

“Essa Dama Bate Bué” e o cânone literário angolano

Essa Dama Bate Bué and the Angolan Literary Canon. A relevant topic for the history of literature, the literary canon has been widely questioned and the Angolan literary canon is no exception, being constantly susceptible to changes. The current paper aims at challenging the Angolan literary canon and defending the necessity of including the novel Essa Dama Bate Bué by Yara Monteiro. Published in 2018, it represents an example of silenced literature about women and guerrilla movements during the war for national independence, the subsequent civil war, and the post-conflict period. The book problematizes the presence of women in national wars, the countless roles they played, but also their integration in the post-colonial society, giving insights into a topic largely ignored in Angolan literature. Keywords: Angola, Angolan women, canon, Yara Monteiro, guerrilla movements

Mimetic Machines in the Uncanny Valley

Uncanny valley (不 気 味 の 谷 ) is a notion introduced by the Japanese robotics professor Masahiro Mori in 1970. The basic claim of his hypothesis states that the anthropomorphic machines cause uncanny effect due to their imperfect resemblance to the human. Humanoids seem almost like people, but exactly the distance of this almost provokes hot debates. There are two trends in robotics, animation, architecture, and computer games. The first trend seeks to overcome the uncanny valley, constructing such an incredible machine that perfectly mimics human actions. The second trend – Masahiro Mori takes this side – consciously constructs non-anthropomorphic machines. The machine’s appearance, structure, shape, proportion of the parts, and motion must be visibly different from the human ones. The term uncanny valley appears in a European context soon after its introduction, due to Jasia Reichardt’s translation in 1978. She is an art critic and curator who is interested in the role of cybernetics in art. The joint between the uncanny valley in robotics and the legacy of Freud and Jentsch is established with this translation at the intersection point between aesthetics and science. This link opens new fields to theoretical and aesthetic imagination. Author(s): Kamelia Spassova Title (English): Mimetic Machines in the Uncanny Valley Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 18, No. 1-2 (2021). Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 22-33 Page Count: 12 Citation (English): Kamelia Spassova, “Mimetic Machines in the Uncanny Valley,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 18, No. 1-2 (2021): 22-33. Author Biography Kamelia Spassova, University of Sofia Kamelia Spassova is Associate professor at the Literary Theory Department at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. She is a lecturer at the Slavic Institute, Department of Philosophy, University of Cologne (2016-2018). She has published in Bulgaria a theoretical book on the poetics of example: Event and Example in Plato and Aristotle (2012), which deals with the tension between literary example and exemplary work in philosophical and theoretical discourses. She has developed the project “Doppelganger as a Political Figure” (2014-2015) in the Centre for Advanced Study Sofia (CAS), an independent institution for scholarship in the humanities and social sciences. In her latest book Modern Mimesis. Self-reflexivity in Literature (2021) she works on the transformations of the concept of mimesis in the 20th century.