List Of Terms Research Articles

Vocabulary mapping for archaeological infrastructure

This article reports and reflects on vocabulary mapping techniques, tools and experience from the ARIADNE European archaeological infrastructure projects, where the widely differing terminology of subject indexing in the different partner languages posed significant challenges for effective data integration. The Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus is employed as a central spine vocabulary for partners to map their native vocabularies and term lists – a hub structure enables a multilingual search capability via vocabulary mapping. Mappings are expressed via SKOS mapping relationships and output as structured JSON for use in the overall data aggregation process and in the ARIADNE portal. The approach followed offers some automatic support for final intellectual judgement. The method can be characterised as providing lexical support in an interactive tool that aims to intuitively visualise semantic context. The experience of partners in producing the vocabulary mappings is discussed in light of previous work in this area. Reflections on lessons learned both for the immediate project and for vocabulary mapping in general contribute to the conclusions. Future search functionality could take account of available vocabulary mappings via a range of search options, such as query expansion including compound mappings and mapping types. Further work on mapping guidelines and metadata is recommended.

Ethical Decision-Making for Self-Driving Vehicles: A Proposed Model & List of Value-Laden Terms that Warrant (Technical) Specification

Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) will need to make decisions that carry ethical dimensions and are of normative significance. For example, by choosing a specific trajectory, they determine how risks are distributed among traffic participants. Accordingly, policymakers, standardization organizations and scholars have conceptualized what (shall) constitute(s) ethical decision-making for SDVs. Eventually, these conceptualizations must be converted into specific system requirements to ensure proper technical implementation. Therefore, this article aims to translate critical requirements recently formulated in scholarly work, existing standards, regulatory drafts and guidelines into an explicit five-step ethical decision model for SDVs during hazardous situations. This model states a precise sequence of steps, indicates the guiding ethical principles that inform each step and points out a list of terms that demand further investigation and technical specification. By integrating ethical, legal and engineering considerations, we aim to contribute to the scholarly debate on computational ethics (particularly in autonomous driving) while offering practitioners in the automotive sector a decision-making process for SDVs that is technically viable, legally permissible, ethically grounded and adaptable to societal values. In the future, assessing the actual impact, effectiveness and admissibility of implementing the here sketched theories, terms and the overall decision process requires an empirical evaluation and testing of the overall decision-making model.

12604 Use Of A Novel Program "WordMiner" To Identify Cellular Proliferation Related Genes Induced In FSTL3 KO Mouse Testis

Abstract Disclosure: N. Mukherjee: None. R. Ballesteros: None. A. Mukherjee: None. TGFβ family ligands play crucial roles in promoting cellular proliferation. Moreover, activin and TGFβ are linked with cancer. Deletion of FSTL3, an inhibitor of a subset of TGFβ ligands, in mice leads to increased proliferation in all tissues investigated including the testis. We also find increased SMAD2/3 activation in FSTL3 knockout (KO) compared to wildtype (WT) in these tissues. Therefore, the FSTL3 KO mouse is a model of increased activity of endogenous TGFβ ligands that are inhibited by FSTL3, such as activin. It is likely that increased signalling by these ligands leads to the observed increased cellular proliferation in FSTL3 KO mice. To discover genes that might be involved in activin-dependent mitosis, we studied gene expression datasets linked to cellular proliferation. We hypothesised that genes important in cellular proliferation will be downregulated in senescent cells and upregulated in models of increased cellular proliferation and activin action such as the FSTL3 KO mice. We queried GEO datasets to identify studies related to senescence and selected Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS): fibroblast (HG-U133A), GSE3860. We found 4048 transcripts showing significantly (p<0.05) altered expression in HGPS fibroblasts compared to WT. We developed a Python-based program, “WordMiner”, that inputs a keyword and a list of terms (e.g. genes) and then searches a specified database sequentially for publications including the keyword and each term. The output is a table of search result frequencies and hyperlinks to the search result pages, compiled in an auxiliary file, produced with greater speed and efficiency than manual search methods. The greater the search result frequency, the stronger the known link between the keyword and the term. We used WordMiner to query the association of the search term “mitosis” with the 4048 genes above using PubMed as the database and identified 1235 transcripts. We refined this list further using the keyword “activin” to identify 420 transcripts linked to activin and mitosis. Importantly, by comparing against our RNAseq data, we find 20 of these genes upregulated in the FSTL3 KO postnatal day 3 transcriptome. This finding supports our hypothesis, and also demonstrates WordMiner as an efficient and versatile cross-referencing query tool. Among the 20 genes identified are transcripts known to be important in proliferation, such as Akap9 and Wnt2b. These and the remainder in the list of genes highlighted are therefore likely to be involved in pathways induced by activin, promoting cellular proliferation in FSTL3 KO testis. Currently, siRNA transfection experiments are underway to address whether knockdown of these genes in a Sertoli cell line (TM4) limits proliferation. This will help in the elucidation of the molecular pathways involved in postnatal Sertoli cell proliferation. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Leveraging Generative AI in Short Document Indexing

The efficiency of information retrieval systems primarily depends on the effective representation of documents during query processing. This representation is mainly constructed from relevant document terms identified and selected during their indexing, which are then used for retrieval. However, when documents contain only a few features, such as in short documents, the resulting representation may be information-poor due to a lack of index terms and their lack of relevance. Although document representation can be enriched using techniques like word embeddings, these techniques require large pre-trained datasets, which are often unavailable in the context of domain-specific short documents. This study investigates a new approach to enrich document representation during indexing using generative AI. In the proposed approach, relevant terms extracted from documents and preprocessed for indexing are enriched with a list of key terms suggested by a large language model (LLM). After conducting a small benchmark of several renowned LLM models for key term suggestions from a set of short texts, the GPT-4o model was chosen to experiment with the proposed indexing approach. The findings of this study yielded notable results, demonstrating that generative AI can efficiently fill the knowledge gap in document representation, regardless of the retrieval technique used.

Les termes éponymes en médecine à l’épreuve du temps : qu’en reste-t-il dans le programme des études médicales en France ?

The eponymous terms are anchored in the medical language and in the daily practice. Nevertheless, for several years their use has been controversial, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that they no longer be used in order to clarify the classification of diseases, and certain societies have abandoned eponymous terms referring to Nazi doctors. The future of their use depends on the education of new generations of medical students. We asked ourselves the following research question: what eponymous terms are still present in the french official graduate medical curriculum in 2021? The main objective was to establish a list of eponymous terms in order to provide the medical community with a database for historical research.We analyzed 35 repositories from different university teaching colleges. The total number of eponymous terms we referenced was 1122. The average number of eponymous terms per item was 6.7. Out of 939 eponymous nouns designating people, 898 were male (or 95.5%) and 40 were female (or 4.5%). The majority of the proper nouns referring to people (87%) referred to a physician or surgeon. The top four countries represented were the United States, France, Germany, and England. The 19th and 20th centuries had the highest number of proper names.Our study shows that in 2021, eponymous terms still occupy an important place in the training of new generations of medical students.

Interactive dual-stream contrastive learning for radiology report generation

Radiology report generation automates diagnostic narrative synthesis from medical imaging data. Current report generation methods primarily employ knowledge graphs for image enhancement, neglecting the interpretability and guiding function of the knowledge graphs themselves. Additionally, few approaches leverage the stable modal alignment information from multimodal pre-trained models to facilitate the generation of radiology reports. We propose the Terms-Guided Radiology Report Generation (TGR), a simple and practical model for generating reports guided primarily by anatomical terms. Specifically, we utilize a dual-stream visual feature extraction module comprised of detail extraction module and a frozen multimodal pre-trained model to separately extract visual detail features and semantic features. Furthermore, a Visual Enhancement Module (VEM) is proposed to further enrich the visual features, thereby facilitating the generation of a list of anatomical terms. We integrate anatomical terms with image features and proceed to engage contrastive learning with frozen text embeddings, utilizing the stable feature space from these embeddings to boost modal alignment capabilities further. Our model incorporates the capability for manual input, enabling it to generate a list of organs for specifically focused abnormal areas or to produce more accurate single-sentence descriptions based on selected anatomical terms. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in report generation tasks, our TGR-S model reduces training parameters by 38.9% while performing comparably to current state-of-the-art models, and our TGR-B model exceeds the best baseline models across multiple metrics.

A stochastic model of the economics of Internet search

PurposeInternet search is a $120bn business that answers lists of search terms or keywords with relevant links to Internet webpages. Only a few companies have sufficient scale to compete and thus economics of the process are paramount. This study aims to develop a detailed industry-specific modeling of the economics of internet search.Design/methodology/approachThe current research develops a stochastic model of the process of Internet indexing, search and retrieval in order to predict expected costs and revenues of particular configurations and usages.FindingsThe models define behavior and economics of parameters that are not directly observable, where it is difficult to empirically determine the distributions and economics.Originality/valueThe model may be used to guide the economics of large search engine operations, including the advertising platforms that depend on them and largely fund them.

Physics Concepts Reflected in Ilocano Folk Dances: It’s Implications to Contextualized Physics Teaching

Using the document analysis method, this study analyzed and interpreted the steps, movements, and props used in the Ilocano folk dances to determine the Physics concepts reflected in the dances. Furthermore, the study determined the Ilocano culture demonstrated in the Ilocano folk dances with identified Physics concepts. Implications of the concepts and Ilocano culture identified to Physics teaching were also deduced in the study. This study analyzed eight (8) Ilocano folk dances, namely, Binatbatan, Chotis Dingreña, Dinaklisan, Ilocana a Nasudi, Innalisan, Pandaggo Ilocano, Polka Ilocana and Surtido Banna. It also made use of the results of the study of Cubangbang (2017), which is a list of dance steps and terms of Ilocano folk dances, dance literatures from the books of Francisca Reyes Aquino titled, “Philippine Folk Dances and Philippine Dances and Songs,” and dance presentations from Ilocos Norte Tourism Department, for the analysis. Analyses and interpretations were based on the researcher’s perspective. Results show that the Ilocano folk dances are rich in Physics concepts. Likewise, the Ilocano folk dances reflect Ilocano values such as spirituality, adaptability, social responsibility, nationalism, modesty, and frugality. Moreover, results show that the dances are performed during social gatherings. Further, they depict Ilocano principles such as class-consciousness and chief industries of the different towns of Ilocos Norte like weaving and fishing. Finally, the implications to Physics drawn from the findings include the fact that dances could be used to demonstrate Physics concepts and to develop contextualized and culture-based Physics lessons to enrich Physics teaching.

Evaluating Experts' Consensus on Behavioral Principles.

Over the history of our field, scholars have emphasized the critical importance that behavioral principles play in applied behavior analysis, underlining their central position as the foundation on which the field is built. Therefore, behavior analysts must have a robust comprehension of behavioral principles to be conceptually systematic, starting with understanding what constitutes a behavioral principle. Although one might assume that the behavior analytical literature clearly identifies a set of basic principles that define our field, there is no generally agreed-upon list. This study aimed to get consensus from doctoral-level behavior analysts on what they viewed as the basic principles of behavior analysis. To do so, we created a list of terms from behavior analysis texts and surveyed participants to identify whether each term constituted a basic principle or a behavioral procedure. The results suggest that there is not good consensus on what constitutes behavioral principles among doctoral-level behavior analysts who completed the survey and that there may be differences in the views of faculty and nonfaculty behavior analysts. Potential contributing factors to these results are discussed. This survey study constitutes a first step in focusing behavior analysts on this important topic and starting a discussion that could further clarify the principles that define our field.

Glossary of terms used in biochar research (IUPAC Technical Report)

Abstract Biochar is the solid carbonaceous product of biomass pyrolysis. The properties of biochar depend on the biomass feedstock as well as the pyrolysis temperature and time. Therefore, biochars with different properties and functionalities can be produced. Biochar research has been intensive in the past 15 years, focusing mainly on soil applications, wastewater treatment, and contaminant remediation. However, a formal definition of biochar and related terms is missing, which hinders the standardization of scientific results worldwide and the scaling-up of research at the industrial level. Furthermore, an official terminology may promote the development of a harmonized legal framework for biochar production and applications, both at regional and national levels. This glossary of terms consists of 178 scientifically sound definitions of the most commonly used terms in biochar research. The definitions of this glossary are interconnected, allowing the reader to further explore the synergies between terms. The distribution of terms reflects the multidisciplinarity of biochar research: chemistry, material science and engineering, and soil science are the main disciplines represented here. The list of terms is by no means exhaustive and the strategic objective of this effort is to develop a dynamic document in which more terms will be added in the future, and the existing ones will be refined, as biochar research evolves.

Понятийные пятерки в текстах философии йоги

The article treats the identification of a fundamental methodological feature peculiar to the classical Indian philosophy and Indian theoretical thinking in general. The example of the tradition of yoga philosophy (yoga-darshana) is used. These are lists of terms, always more than two-membered, that together cover a certain thematical area. The material of the article consists of five five-membered lists. First, three methodological guidelines of the researcher of the yoga tradition are considered, which are thought to be prerequisites of any remarcable success. It is stated that they are mostly ignored. Further, a statement is made based on Nyāya classical author (Paksilalasvāmin) that these lists represent a key feature in the organization of the Indian systematic text. The factor preventing the elaboration and application of such lists in the European tradition of thinking is briefly considered. It comes out to be the distinction between concepts and judgments and an obvious limitation of judgments by the dichotomy of affirmative and negative. Indian thought, on the contrary, elaborated a theory of “mind contents” (jñāna) without any distinction of concepts and judgements. The common field of the two methodological techniques, viz. the concept definition and conceptual enumeration is exemplified. On its basis, five conceptual lists of the yoga tradition are interpreted with the identification of their uniform formal structure: modes of intentionality (citta); events of intentionality (cittavrtti); “afflictions” (kleśa) i.e. unavoidable impediments to the goals of yoga; factors of meditation (dhyāna) and indispensable behavioral self-limitations of a yogin (yama). It is argued that such lists are just an example of the application of a common Indian methodological technique.

Sound Terminology in Sonification

Sonification research is intrinsically interdisciplinary. Consequently, a proper documentation of and interdisciplinary discourse about a sonification is often hindered by terminology discrepancies between involved disciplines, i.e., the lack of a common sound terminology in sonification research. Without a common ground, a researcher from one discipline may have trouble understanding the implementation and imagining the resulting sound perception of a sonification, if the sonification is described by a researcher from another discipline. To find a common ground, the author consulted literature on interdisciplinary research and discourse, identified problems that occur in sonification, and applied the recommended solutions. As a result, the author recommends considering three aspects of sonification individually, namely 1) Sound Design Concept, 2) Objective, and 3) Evaluation, clarifying which discipline is involved in which aspect and sticking to this discipline’s terminology. As two requirements of sonifications are that they are a) reproducible and b) interpretable, the author recommends documenting and discussing every sonification design once using audio engineering terminology and once using psychoacoustic terminology. The appendixes provide comprehensive lists of sound terms from both disciplines, together with relevant literature and a clarification of often misunderstood and misused terms.

Influence of automated indexing in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) selection for pharmacy practice journals

BackgroundThe Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus is the controlled vocabulary used to index articles in MEDLINE. MeSH were mainly manually selected until June 2022 when an automated algorithm, the Medical Text Indexer (MTI) automated was fully implemented. A selection of automated indexed articles is then reviewed (curated) by human indexers to ensure the quality of the process. ObjectiveTo describe the association of MEDLINE indexing methods (i.e., manual, automated, and automated + curated) on the MeSH assignment in pharmacy practice journals compared with medical journals. MethodsOriginal research articles published between 2016 and 2023 in two groups of journals (i.e., the Big-five general medicine and three pharmacy practice journals) were selected from PubMed using journal-specific search strategies. Metadata of the articles, including MeSH terms and indexing method, was extracted. A list of pharmacy-specific MeSH terms had been compiled from previously published studies, and their presence in pharmacy practice journal records was investigated. Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, as well as effect size measures, the number of MeSH per article was compared between journal groups, geographic origin of the journal, and indexing method. ResultsA total of 8479 original research articles was retrieved: 6254 from the medical journals and 2225 from pharmacy practice journals. The number of articles indexed by the various methods was disproportionate; 77.8 % of medical and 50.5 % of pharmacy manually indexed. Among those indexed using the automated system, 51.1 % medical and 10.9 % pharmacy practice articles were then curated to ensure the indexing quality. Number of MeSH per article varied among the three indexing methods for medical and pharmacy journals, with 15.5 vs. 13.0 in manually indexed, 9.4 vs. 7.4 in automated indexed, and 12.1 vs. 7.8 in automated and then curated, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed significant effect of indexing method and journal group in the number of MeSH attributed, but not the geographical origin of the journal. ConclusionsArticles indexed using automated MTI have less MeSH than manually indexed articles. Articles published in pharmacy practice journals were indexed with fewer number of MeSH compared with general medical journal articles regardless of the indexing method used.

India’s Silent Struggle: A Scoping Review on Postpartum Depression in the Land of a Billion Mothers

Background: Postpartum emotional issues, including postpartum blues, postpartum psychosis, and postpartum depression (PPD), affect many mothers worldwide. The prevalence of postpartum blues ranges from 300 to 750 per 1,000 mothers, while postpartum psychosis has a prevalence of 0.89–2.6 cases per 1,000 births. PPD affects 100–150 new mothers per 1,000 births, and its prevalence can go above 25% globally. Depression in mothers can have long-lasting impacts on children and the next generation, affecting their growth, development, and relationships. However, the condition of PPD is frequently misdiagnosed, and women who suffer from it do not receive treatment. There is a lack of solid systematic evidence that looks at the overall burden of PPD and the risk factors that are associated with it in India. The awareness of PPD is critical in managing the symptoms and seeking professional support, and studies are needed to evaluate and assess the situation in India. Methodology: This study is a systematic literature review with a scoping review approach aimed at providing existing evidence on the awareness and prevalence of PPD in India. The search strategy for the electronic bibliographic search included a list of related terms and factors of awareness and prevalence of PPD. The search encompassed six prominent databases. The assessment tools used in studies from 2012 to 2023 study the factors using the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, which measure the awareness and prevalence of PPD. Results: The study found a significantly low volume of studies conducted in India to determine the prevalence of PPD. The materials or studies accessible are hospital-based research with a minimal number of samples. The reported prevalence rate of postpartum depression (PPD) in India varies across different studies, ranging from 4% to 48.5%. Among mothers who gave birth either naturally or by cesarean section in a hospital setting, one study reported the lowest prevalence rate (4%). The prevalence of PPD among women in India is estimated to be 18% based on the average score across all research. A study that evaluated the moms in the community found that PPD was prevalent in new mothers at a rate of 21.5%. There are three studies, in particular, that focus on how aware people are of PPD. Two studies found that 54% of the family members of postpartum moms and women undergoing tertiary pediatric care are aware of PPD. Discussion: Many studies point to the lack of social support as a significant risk factor for mental health complications after delivery. History of depression, anxiety, adverse life events, partner abuse, low economic status, complications at childbirth, and a traumatic childbirth experience are some of the associated factors identified in the studies. Studies have also shown that women who undergo a cesarean section have a higher risk of developing PPD than those with a vaginal delivery.

HORSEPLAY IN PLAUTUS’ ASINARIA

Abstract This article argues that the game presented in the third scene of the third act of Plautus’ Asinaria involves a horseplay rather than an assplay (Asin. 697–710). This is suggested by the young master's name, Argyrippus, and by a list of equine terms occurring in the text: uehere, inscendere, descendere, subdomari, tolutim, quadrupedo, aduorsom cliuom, in procliui.

Measuring interpersonal firearm violence: natural language processing methods to address limitations in criminal charge data.

Firearm violence constitutes a public health crisis in the United States, but comprehensive data infrastructure is lacking to study this problem. To address this challenge, we used natural language processing (NLP) to classify court record documents from alleged violent crimes as firearm-related or non-firearm-related. We accessed and digitized court records from the state of Washington (n = 1472). Human review established a gold standard label for firearm involvement (yes/no). We developed a key term search and trained supervised machine learning classifiers for this labeling task. Results were evaluated in a held-out test set. The decision tree performed best (F1 score: 0.82). The key term list had perfect recall (1.0) and a modest F1 score (0.65). This case report highlights the accuracy, feasibility, and potential time-saved by using NLP to identify firearm involvement in alleged violent crimes based on digitized narratives from court documents.

Procedure to identify fortified foods in the Dutch branded food database.

Information on fortified foods is needed for multiple purposes, including food consumption research and dietary advice. Branded food databases are a valuable source of food label data. European labeling legislation prescribes that food fortification should be indicated in the ingredient list, and nutrient values should be declared under certain conditions. This creates the potential to identify fortified foods in branded food databases, though it is not straightforward and labor-intensive. The aim of our study was to develop an automated approach to identify fortified foods in the Dutch branded food database called LEDA. An automated procedure, based on a stepwise approach conforming with European labeling legislation, using a list of rules and search terms, was developed to identify fortified foods. Fortification with calcium, folic acid, vitamin B12, and zinc was studied as an example. The results of a random stratified sample with fortified and not-fortified foods were validated by two experts. The automated approach resulted in identifying 1,817 foods fortified with one or more of the selected nutrients in the LEDA dataset (0.94%). The proportions of fortified foods per nutrient were below 0.7%. The classification of fortified/non-fortified foods matched manual validation by experts for the majority of the foods in the sample, i.e., sensitivity and specificity indicating the probability of correctly identifying fortified and non-fortified foods was high (>94.0%). The automated approach is capable of easily and quickly identifying fortified foods in the Dutch branded food database with high accuracy, although some improvements to the automated procedure could be made. In addition, the completeness, correctness, and consistency of the LEDA database can be improved. To fully benefit from this automated approach, it needs to be expanded to cover all micronutrients that may be added to foods.

Quantitative measurements of radiation-induced fibrosis for head and neck cancer: A narrative review.

To provide a comprehensive summary of the different modalities available to measure soft tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. A search was conducted using a list of medical subject headings and terms related to head and neck oncology, radiation fibrosis, and quantitative measurements, including bioimpedance, MRI, and ultrasound. Original research related to quantitative measurement of neck fibrosis post-radiotherapy was included without time constraints, while reviews, case reports, non-English texts, and inaccessible studies were excluded. Discrepancies during the review were resolved by discussing with the senior author until consensus was reached. A total of 284 articles were identified and underwent title and abstract screening. Seventeen articles had met our criteria for full-text review based on relevance, of which nine had met our inclusion criteria. Young's modulus (YM) and viscoelasticity measures have demonstrated efficacy in quantifying neck fibrosis, with fibrotic tissues displaying significantly higher YM values and altered viscoelastic properties such as increased stiffness rate-sensitivity and prolonged stress-relaxation post-radiation. Intravoxel incoherent motion offers detailed insights into tissue changes by assessing the diffusion of water molecules and blood perfusion, thereby differentiating fibrosed from healthy tissues. Shear wave elastography has proven to be an effective technique for quantifying radiation-induced fibrosis in the head and neck region by measuring shear wave velocity. There are various modalities to measure radiation-induced fibrosis, each with its unique strengths and limitations. Providers should be aware of these implications and decide on methodologies based on their specific clinical workflow. Step 5.

Can cross-domain term extraction benefit from cross-lingual transfer and nested term labeling?

Automatic term extraction (ATE) is a natural language processing task that eases the effort of manually identifying terms from domain-specific corpora by providing a list of candidate terms. In this paper, we treat ATE as a sequence-labeling task and explore the efficacy of XLMR in evaluating cross-lingual and multilingual learning against monolingual learning in the cross-domain ATE context. Additionally, we introduce NOBI, a novel annotation mechanism enabling the labeling of single-word nested terms. Our experiments are conducted on the ACTER corpus, encompassing four domains and three languages (English, French, and Dutch), as well as the RSDO5 Slovenian corpus, encompassing four additional domains. Results indicate that cross-lingual and multilingual models outperform monolingual settings, showcasing improved F1-scores for all languages within the ACTER dataset. When incorporating an additional Slovenian corpus into the training set, the multilingual model exhibits superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches in specific scenarios. Moreover, the newly introduced NOBI labeling mechanism enhances the classifier’s capacity to extract short nested terms significantly, leading to substantial improvements in Recall for the ACTER dataset and consequentially boosting the overall F1-score performance.

Comparison of open comments and check-all-that-apply to collect reasons for liking and disliking chocolates in preference mapping

Collecting Open Comments (OC) is a common way to learn about the product features that consumers like and dislike in internal preference mapping studies. OC has the advantage to provide a direct answer to the question “What do you like/dislike about this product?” without consumers. However, because OC does not suggest any sensory terms, consumers sometimes struggle to properly verbalize their perceptions leading to data and information that are difficult to interpret and translate into product improvement recommendations. In addition, the encoding of OC is a cumbersome, time-consuming, and possibly expensive task depending on the context of study. In this context, we explored the use of the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method as an alternative to OC to collect reasons for like and dislike reported by consumers. We conducted two parallel studies in which respondents evaluated 6 out of 8 milk chocolates using an incomplete block design. The only noticeable difference between the two studies was that respondents reported reasons for liking and disliking using either OC (n = 204) or CATA (n = 157). Results did not show any striking difference between mean overall liking scores and taste clusters in both studies. The drivers of liking and disliking associated with each product were also largely consistent, although some differences in citation rates and attitudes were noted. For instance, respondents tended to disregard appearance and texture in favor of flavor with OC as compared to CATA. In addition, the drivers of disliking provided by OC were less diverse and less frequently cited than in CATA. Overall, our results suggest that CATA is a promising alternative to OC for liking-oriented product description provided that special care is taken to build a relevant list of CATA terms.