List Of Possible Candidates Research Articles

Optimization of wind power connection in power systems considering transmission switching technique and distribution factors

The optimal wind power generation connection in power systems is a growing field of study recently. Accordingly to the literature, the Optimal Transmission Switching technique and the Power Transfer Distribution Factors have been applied to the optimization problem of the capacity of wind power connection. This paper proposes a new methodology for maximization of wind power connection that integrates these two methods mentioned. The optimization process is based on the linearized power flow and chooses the best line for a firm wind farm connection from a list of possible candidates. The proposed algorithm is evaluated considering the 11-Bus tutorial system, the IEEE New England and IEEE-118 systems.

Grammatical Gender Disambiguates Syntactically Similar Nouns.

Recent research into grammatical gender from the perspective of information theory has shown how seemingly arbitrary gender systems can ease processing demands by guiding lexical prediction. When the gender of a noun is revealed in a preceding element, the list of possible candidates is reduced to the nouns assigned to that gender. This strategy can be particularly effective if it eliminates words that are likely to compete for activation against the intended word. We propose syntax as the crucial context within which words must be disambiguated, hypothesizing that syntactically similar words should be less likely to share a gender cross-linguistically. We draw on recent work on syntactic information in the lexicon to define the syntactic distribution of a word as a probability vector of its participation in various dependency relations, and we extract such relations for 32 languages from the Universal Dependencies Treebanks. Correlational and mixed-effects regression analyses reveal that syntactically similar nouns are less likely to share a gender, the opposite pattern that is found for semantically and orthographically similar words. We interpret this finding as a design feature of language, and this study adds to a growing body of research attesting to the ways in which functional pressures on learning, memory, production, and perception shape the lexicon in different ways.

Lexical Patterns Based on Maximal Frequent Secuences for Automatic Keyphrase Extraction

This paper presents a method for the automatic keyphrase extraction task using lexical patterns. First, the patterns are obtained from a set of data and converted into regular expression search patterns, allowing to consider sequences of characters that define a phrase without depending on its syntactic or semantic characteristics and thus obtain a list of possible candidates. Besides, to select the best, only those that obtained a high weight will be considered, in the following four weights: Boolean (B), Precision (P), Recall (R), and F-Measure (F); which corresponds to the result obtained from each evaluated pattern, therefore a list is generating of the best 5,10 and 15 keyphrases for each document. The evaluation of the method was realized by length (L) and combination (C), where the combination takes the best candidates for each length (1 to 4). The method was tested in corpus of scientific articles using the SemEval-2010 data set for task 5.

The Progenitors of Calcium-strong Transients

Abstract A new class of faint, spectroscopically peculiar transients has emerged in the last decade. We term these events “calcium-strong transients” (CaSTs) because of their atypically high calcium-to-oxygen nebular line ratios. Previous studies have struggled to deduce the identity of their progenitors, due to a combination of their extremely extended radial distributions with respect to their host galaxies and their relatively high rate of occurrence. In this work, we find that the CaST radial distribution is consistent with the radial distribution of two populations of stars: old (ages >5 Gyr), low-metallicity (Z/Z ⊙ < 0.3) stars, and globular clusters. While no obvious progenitor scenario arises from considering old, metal-poor stars, the alternative production site of globular clusters leads us to narrow down the list of possible candidates to three binary scenarios: mergers of helium and oxygen/neon white dwarfs; tidal disruptions of helium white dwarfs by neutron stars; and stable accretion from low-mass helium-burning stars onto white dwarfs. While rare in the field, these binary systems can be formed dynamically at much higher rates in globular clusters. Subsequent binary hardening both increases their interaction rate and ejects them from their parent globular clusters prior to mass transfer contact. Their production in, and ejection from, globular clusters may explain their radial distribution and the absence of globular clusters at their explosion site. This model predicts a currently undiscovered high rate of CaSTs in nuclear star clusters. Alternatively, an undetermined progenitor scenario involving old, low-metallicity stars may instead hold the key to understanding CaSTs.

Polymer/Metal−Organic Framework Composite Sensors for Gas Detection

Methane (CH4), the primary composition of the natural gas, is a colorless and odorless gas with a melting point of -184 ºC and a boiling point of -164 ºC. It is considered as a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential far greater than CO2 per molecule, which could significantly contribute to undesired global warming through even moderate amounts of leakage from natural gas recovery and transportation, and can become dangerously explosive for concentrations above the lower explosive limit. Given the fact that the U.S. has nearly 3 million miles of natural gas pipelines, for both safety and environmental concerns, there is an interest in monitoring pipelines for integrity and leak detection. Unfortunately, current sensing technologies do not meet all the practical requirements for widespread deployment and accurate measurement of low level methane leaks or in-pipe gas composition monitoring. Thus, the development of advanced gas sensing devices which are of sufficiently low cost for ubiquitous deployment both internal and external to pipelines, and which can be interrogated remotely over long distances would be highly beneficial. In order to meet the practical requirements of advanced sensor technology for natural gas infrastructure applications, our proposed research seeks to develop a series of polymer/ metal−organic frameworks (MOF) composite thin coating films. The concept targets to exploit the excellent gas adsorption capability and CH4/N2 and CO2/N2 selectivity of highly engineered MOF materials, while a polymer binder is used to keep the well-dispersed mixture composites on the optical fiber surface. The list of possible candidates includes a wide range of polymer/MOF combinations and we herein report the well-dispersed Fe(Pyz)Ni(CN)4 MOF particles blended with the dilute Poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) solution. The suspension is dip-coated onto the optical fiber surface to form a thin layer of film (in nm scale). Unlike pure MOF-based thin coating films which typically rely on time-consuming and complex deposition process, e.g. layer-by-layer technique, this rapid and facile deposition approach offers us the opportunity to efficiently cast materials on long-length (in kilometer scale) distributed platform with a wide range of different candidate MOFs and with high film uniformity and quality. The gas sensing response of the coated fiber is evaluated at room temperature with the transmittance (%T) of the sensor monitored in various gases. When gas molecules are adsorbed by the sensing layer, the refractive index is modified and is recorded by the spectrometer to be correlated with the analyte of interest (Figure 1). A monotonic increase of gas sensing performance is observed by the increase of MOF content in the composites (Figure 1 inset), and is attributed to the enhanced gas adsorption capacity of the MOF matrix. Moreover, a variety of characterizations are performed to investigate the physical/chemical/morphological properties of the polymer/MOF composites and unravel the fundamental understanding of the sensing mechanism. Figure 1. Gas sensing data of a pure SBS polymer and SBS/MOF coated optical fiber. Sensing CH4 and CO2 by monitoring the change in light transmission at 459 nm for SBS/MOF composite and 1944 nm for pure SBS. The inset figure shows the pure CH4 and CO2 sensing response (T%) as a function of MOF wt%. Figure 1

Use of Molecular Weight and Elemental Composition as an Additional Constraint in Library Search

Identification of organic compounds based only on searching against electron ionization mass spectral libraries is tentative. To increase the reliability of the identification, additional information should be used. Gas chromatographic retention indices, in addition to mass spectra, are most often used. Molecular weight and elemental composition is less frequently used, because additional experiments are required to determine these characteristics. In the present paper, we examined the influence of the molecular weight, elements present in a molecule and molecular formula on the results of the library search. It is shown that, determination of the nominal mass or molecular formula slightly increases efficiency of the library search (for example, probability that the correct compound occupies the first position in the list of possible candidates increases by only 2.8 and 3.0% respectively). On the other hand, use of additional constraints in the library search can significantly reduce the number of possible candidates and simplify predicting the absence of compound in the database.

Band Energy Difference for Source Attribution in Audio Forensics

Digital audio recordings are one of the key types of evidence used in law enforcement proceedings. As a result, the development of reliable techniques for forensic analysis of such recordings is of principal importance. One of the main problems in forensic analysis is source attribution, i.e., verifying whether a certain recording was acquired with a given device. While this problem has been widely studied for other types of multimedia signals, there are a very few techniques for audio recordings. Moreover, reported evaluation results were obtained from extremely small data sets on the order of a dozen devices. The goal of this paper is to propose a new feature set, the band energy difference (BED) descriptor, for source attribution of digital speech recordings. We demonstrate that a frequency response curve extracted from sample recordings can serve as a robust fingerprint that carries significant discriminative power and can characterize the recording device. We study two sub-problems of source attribution: 1) identification of a recording device among a list of possible candidates (device identification) and 2) confirming that a suspected device has indeed been used to acquire the recording in question (device verification). For our evaluation, we prepared two novel data sets: a controlled-conditions data set with 31 devices and an uncontrolled-conditions data set with 141 devices. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed BED descriptor is effective for both device identification and verification. In the former task, we reached an accuracy of over 96%. In the latter, we obtained a high true positive rate of 89% while maintaining a fixed low false positive rate of 1%.

Estimation of 2D to 3D dimensions and proportionality indices for facial examination

Photo-anthropometry is a metric-based facial image comparison technique where measurements of the face are taken from an image using predetermined facial landmarks. In particular, dimensions and proportionality indices (DPIs) are compared to DPIs from another facial image. Different studies concluded that photo-anthropometric facial comparison, as it is currently practiced, is unsuitable for elimination purposes. The major limitation is the need for images acquired under very restrictive, controlled conditions. To overcome this latter issue, we propose a novel methodology to estimate 3D DPIs from 2D ones. It uses computer graphic techniques to simulate thousands of facial photographs under known camera conditions and regression to derive the mathematical relationship between 2D and 3D DPIs automatically. Additionally, we present a methodology that makes use of the estimated 3D DPIs for reducing the number of potential matches of a given unknown facial photograph within a set of known candidates.The error in the estimation of the 3D DPIs can be as large as 35%, but both I and III quartiles are consistently inside the ±5% range. The methodology for filtering cases has demonstrated to be useful in the task of narrowing down the list of possible candidates for a given photograph. It is able to remove on average (validated using cross-validation technique) 57% and 24% of the negative cases, depending on the amounts of DPIs available. Limitations of the work developed together with open research lines are included within the Discussion section.

Improving Solar Power PV Plants Using Multivariate Design Optimization

The proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) installations across the globe has accelerated dramatically in the past decade covering home, rural, mobile, industrial, and utility-scale applications. In all these cases, improving payback time and energy production for PV installations is a very complex design tradeoff that involves multiple variables such as irradiance fluctuations, inverter efficiency, operating temperature variation, and PV panel type. In this paper, a detailed multivariate study of PV plant design is presented, resulting in an improved technique to increase the potential benefits of solar plants with lower capital costs. This new approach includes detailed consideration of the probabilistic hourly temperature and solar irradiation profile of the installation site, the efficiencies and operating areas of different grid-tie inverters, and detailed models of different PV modules in the optimal design process. The harvested energy, total costs, and payback time are the objective functions in this approach, while the number of series and parallel panels, the tilt angle, and inverter topology and PV module type are determined from a list of possible candidates. The optimization process is implemented for a sample system, and the results are compared to both a traditional and design software approach. It is seen that by applying the proposed approach with lower capital costs, the harvested energy, financial benefits, and the payback time can be improved by 9.3%, 1%, and 6.95%, respectively. Several case studies are then presented to investigate the sensitivity and robustness of the design with regard to the ambient temperature variation, solar irradiation fluctuation, and available surface area for PV module installation.

An Accidental Special Issue

This was not intended to be a special issue. Instead, my task as editor was simply meant to be that of selecting an interesting selection of pieces from those articles available, or nearly ready, for publication. But upon looking at the list of possible candidates it quickly became clear that a large number dealt squarely with the history of European integration and that two others concentrated on other aspects of Europe's post-war institutional landscape. It therefore seemed to make sense to group them together.

Real-time structured light profilometry: a review

The acquisition of high-resolution, real-time three-dimensional surface data of dynamically moving objects has large applicability in many fields. When additional restrictions such as non-invasiveness and non-contact measurement are imposed on the employed profilometry technique, the list of possible candidates is reduced mainly to the broad range of structured light profilometry methods. In this manuscript, the current state-of-the-art in structured light profilometry systems is described, as well as the main advancements in hardware technology and coding strategy that have led to their successful development. A chronological overview of optical profilometry systems that have been reported to perform real-time acquisition, digital signal processing and display of full-field 3D surface maps is presented. The respective operating principles, strengths and weaknesses of these setups are reviewed and the main limitations and future challenges in high-speed optical profilometry are discussed.

Eclipse timing variations to detect possible Trojan planets in binary systems

This paper is devoted to study the circumstances favourable to detect Trojan planets in close binary-star-systems by the help of eclipse timing variations (ETVs). To determine the probability of the detection of such variations with ground based telescopes and space telescopes (like former missions CoRoT and Kepler and future space missions like Plato, Tess and Cheops), we investigated the dynamics of binary star systems with a planet in tadpole motion. We did numerical simulations by using the full three-body problem as dynamical model. The stability and the ETVs are investigated by computing stability/ETV maps for different masses of the secondary star and the Trojan planet. In addition we changed the eccentricity of the possible Trojan planet. By the help of the libration amplitude $\sigma$ we could show whether or not all stable objects are moving in tadpole orbits. We can conclude that many amplitudes of ETVs are large enough to detect Earth-like Trojan planets in binary star systems. As an application, we prepared a list of possible candidates.

Evaluation of mass spectral library search algorithms implemented in commercial software.

Performance of several library search algorithms (against EI mass spectral databases) implemented in commercial software products ( acd/specdb, chemstation, gc/ms solution and ms search) was estimated. Test set contained 1000 mass spectra, which were randomly selected from NIST'08 (RepLib) mass spectral database. It was shown that composite (also known as identity) algorithm implemented in ms search (NIST) software gives statistically the best results: the correct compound occupied the first position in the list of possible candidates in 81% of cases; the correct compound was within the list of top ten candidates in 98% of cases. It was found that use of presearch option can lead to rejection of the correct answer from the list of possible candidates (therefore presearch option should not be used, if possible). Overall performance of library search algorithms was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR WAVES IN PLANETS WITH ATMOSPHERIC SUPERROTATION. I. ACOUSTIC AND INERTIA-GRAVITY WAVES

This paper is the first of a two-part study devoted to developing tools for a systematic classification of the wide variety of atmospheric waves expected on slowly rotating planets with atmospheric superrotation. Starting with the primitive equations for a cyclostrophic regime, we have deduced the analytical solution for the possible waves, simultaneously including the effect of the metric terms for the centrifugal force and the meridional shear of the background wind. In those cases when the conditions for the method of the multiple scales in height are met, these wave solutions are also valid when vertical shear of the background wind is present. A total of six types of waves have been found and their properties were characterized in terms of the corresponding dispersion relations and wave structures. In this first part, only waves that are direct solutions of the generic dispersion relation are studied—acoustic and inertia-gravity waves. Concerning inertia-gravity waves, we found that in the cases of short horizontal wavelengths, null background wind, or propagation in the equatorial region, only pure gravity waves are possible, while for the limit of large horizontal wavelengths and/or null static stability, the waves are inertial. The correspondence between classical atmospheric approximations and wave filtering has been examined too, and we carried out a classification of the mesoscale waves found in the clouds of Venus at different vertical levels of its atmosphere. Finally, the classification of waves in exoplanets is discussed and we provide a list of possible candidates with cyclostrophic regimes.

Erasure List-Decodable Codes From Random and Algebraic Geometry Codes

Erasure list decoding was introduced to correct a larger number of erasures by outputting a list of possible candidates. In this paper, we consider both random linear codes and algebraic geometry codes for list decoding from erasures. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, for arbitrary \(0 and \(\epsilon >0\) ( \(R\) and \(\epsilon \) are independent), we show that with high probability a \(q\) -ary random linear code of rate \(R\) is an erasure list-decodable code with constant list size \(q^{O(1/\epsilon )}\) that can correct a fraction \(1-R-\epsilon \) of erasures, i.e., a random linear code achieves the information-theoretic optimal tradeoff between information rate and fraction of erasures. Second, we show that algebraic geometry codes are good erasure list-decodable codes. Precisely speaking, a \(q\) -ary algebraic geometry code of rate \(R\) from the Garcia-Stichtenoth tower can correct \(1-R-({1}/{\sqrt {q}-1})+({1}/{q})-\epsilon \) fraction of erasures with list size \(O(1/\epsilon )\) . This improves the Johnson bound for erasures applied to algebraic geometry codes. Furthermore, list decoding of these algebraic geometry codes can be implemented in polynomial time. Note that the code alphabet size \(q\) in this paper is constant and independent of \(\epsilon \) .

Association of the transcription profile of bovine oocytes and embryos with developmental potential

Although improvements in culture system have enhanced in vitro embryo production, success rates are still not adequate. The reasons for developmental arrest of a part of in vitro produced embryos are unknown, but are connected in part with low cytoplasmic competence of oocytes. The immaturity of cytoplasm can negatively influence fertilization efficiency and subsequent progression through embryonic genome activation (EGA), which are necessary steps in further pre-implantation development. A large number of studies have compared mRNA abundance among oocytes with different developmental competence with the aim to find markers of the normal embryo development. The amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mRNA for mitochondrial transcriptional factors directing oxidative phosphorylation belongs to such promising markers. Nevertheless, recently published studies revealed that the mammalian embryo is able to compensate for a reduced level of mtDNA in oocyte during subsequent pre-implantation development. The search for other molecular markers is in progress. Characterization of oocyte and embryonic mRNA expression patterns during the pre-implantation period, and their relationship to the successful in vitro and in vivo development will be essential for defining the optimized culture conditions or the nuclear transfer protocols. Microarrays technology enables us to reveal the differentially expressed genes during EGA, and to compare the expression profile of in vivo and in vitro produced embryos. Recent evidence indicates that the depletion of the pool of stored maternal mRNAs is critical for subsequent embryo development. All these experiments gradually offer a list of possible candidates for quality and developmental competence markers for mammalian oocytes and pre-implantation embryos.

Exome sequencing and disease-network analysis of a single family implicate a mutation in KIF1A in hereditary spastic paraparesis

Whole exome sequencing has become a pivotal methodology for rapid and cost-effective detection of pathogenic variations in Mendelian disorders. A major challenge of this approach is determining the causative mutation from a substantial number of bystander variations that do not play any role in the disease etiology. Current strategies to analyze variations have mainly relied on genetic and functional arguments such as mode of inheritance, conservation, and loss of function prediction. Here, we demonstrate that disease-network analysis provides an additional layer of information to stratify variations even in the presence of incomplete sequencing coverage, a known limitation of exome sequencing. We studied a case of Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP) in a single inbred Palestinian family. HSP is a group of neuropathological disorders that are characterized by abnormal gait and spasticity of the lower limbs. Forty-five loci have been associated with HSP and lesions in 20 genes have been documented to induce the disorder. We used whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping to create a list of possible candidates. After exhausting the genetic and functional arguments, we stratified the remaining candidates according to their similarity to the previously known disease genes. Our analysis implicated the causative mutation in the motor domain of KIF1A, a gene that has not yet associated with HSP, which functions in anterograde axonal transportation. Our strategy can be useful for a large class of disorders that are characterized by locus heterogeneity, particularly when studying disorders in single families.

Robust iris indexing scheme using geometric hashing of SIFT keypoints

This paper proposes an efficient indexing scheme for searching large iris biometric database that achieves invariance to similarity transformations, illumination and occlusion. The proposed scheme considers local descriptors as well as relative spatial configuration for claiming identity. To overcome the effect of non-uniform illumination and partial occlusion due to eyelids, local features are extracted from noise independent annular iris image using scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). The detected keypoints are used to index iris database by applying geometric hashing scheme that is robust to similarity transformations as well as occlusion. During iris retrieval, geometric hashed location from query iris image is obtained to access the appropriate bin of hash table and for every entry found there, a vote is casted. The iris images that receive more than certain number of votes are considered as possible candidates. In order to find the potential matches, the keypoint descriptor of the list of possible candidates is matched with the query iris. Since only small portion of database is scanned to find a match it reduces the query retrieval time and improves accuracy. This approach is tested on UBIRIS, BATH, CASIA and IITK iris databases and shows a substantial improvement over exhaustive search technique in terms of time and accuracy.

Seesaw Mechanism and Neutrino Mass Matrix in GUT

Present status of models based on the GUT framework is summarized and I intend to give a list of possible candidates for giving natural scenario to reproduce present experimental neutrino masses and mixing angles.

Complementary DNA expression array analysis suggests a lower expression of signal transduction proteins and receptors in cold and hot thyroid nodules.

Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules are characterized by an increased proliferation and function, which is predominantly caused by constitutively activating TSH receptor mutations leading to an activation of cAMP. In contrast to autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, cold thyroid nodules are functionally inactive and less differentiated. Their molecular cause is still unknown. To further investigate the pathophysiological aspects of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and to elucidate the molecular etiology of cold thyroid nodules, it is essential to identify genes with differential expression in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and cold thyroid nodules and to compare this expression to that in normal surrounding tissue. The list of possible candidates for differential regulation ranges from growth factors and their receptors to transcription factors or oncogenes. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of cDNA arrays and studied the expression of 588 known genes from 6 different classes of proteins in thyroid nodules characterized for their function. Forty-seven genes showed a differential expression between nodular and surrounding tissue identified by the expression arrays. The differential expression of 15 transcripts was verified by real-time PCR. About 25% of the transcripts determined by LightCycler PCR are considered false positives because data from PCR and array analysis did not agree. This indicates the reliability of cDNA expression arrays to identify differentially expressed genes in thyroid nodules compared with their surrounding tissue. The 15 selected genes were additionally quantified by real-time PCR in 7 additional cold thyroid nodules, autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, and their surrounding tissues. The highest number of differentially expressed genes was in the group of signal transduction proteins (4 of 38 detectable genes) and extracellular cell signaling and communication proteins (2 of 62 detectable genes). In contrast, transcripts of other classes of proteins were unchanged (e.g. DNA-binding molecules and stress responses). Most of the transcripts were down-regulated in autonomously functioning thyroid nodule and cold thyroid nodule compared with the respective surrounding tissue. This finding could be the result of a dominant activation of a signal transduction pathway, with the cAMP pathway being the likely candidate for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules. The qualitatively similar pattern of changes in this limited number of genes in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and cold thyroid nodules could suggest a similar dominant activation of a specific signaling cascade in cold thyroid nodules as the constitutively activating mutations in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.